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Regulation of cytokinin biosynthesis using PtRD26pro-IPT module improves drought tolerance through PtARR10-PtYUC4/5-mediated reactive oxygen species removal in Populus

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2022年第3期64卷 771-786页

作者： Hou-Ling Wang Qi Yang Shuya Tan Ting Wang Yi Zhang Yanli Yang weilun yin Xinli Xia Hongwei Guo Zhonghai Li National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding College of Biological Sciences and TechnologyBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijing100083 China Department of Biology Key Laboratory of Molecular Design for Plant Cell Factory of Guangdong Higher Education InstitutesSouthern University of Science and Technology(SUSTech)Shenzhen518055 China

Drought is a critical environmental factor which constrains plant survival and growth.Genetic engineering provides a credible strategy to improve drought tolerance of plants.Here,we generated transgenic poplar lines expressing the isopentenyl transferase gene(IPT)under the driver of Pt RD26 promoter(PtRD26 pro-IPT).Pt RD26 is a senescence and drought-inducible NAC transcription factor.Pt RD26 pro-IPT plants displayed multiple phenotypes,including improved growth and drought tolerance.Transcriptome analysis revealed that auxin biosynthesis pathway was activated in the PtRD26 pro-IPT plants,leading to an increase in auxin contents.Biochemical analysis revealed that ARABIDOPSIS RESPONSE REGULATOR10(PtARR10),one of the type-B ARR transcription factors in the cytokinin pathway,was induced in PtRD26 pro-IPT plants and directly regulated the transcripts of YUCCA4(Pt YUC4)and YUCCA5(PtYUC5),two enzymes in the auxin biosynthesis pathway.Overexpression of PtYUC4 enhanced drought tolerance,while simultaneous silencing of PtYUC4/5 evidently attenuated the drought tolerance of Pt RD26 pro-IPT plants.Intriguingly,Pt YUC4/5 displayed a conserved thioredoxin reductase activity that is required for drought tolerance by deterring reactive oxygen species accumulation.Our work reveals the molecular basis of cytokinin and auxin interactions in response to environmental stresses,and shed light on the improvement of drought tolerance without a growth penalty in trees by molecular breeding.

关键词： auxin cytokinin drought tolerance leaf senescence PtARR PtYUC ROS

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Genome-wide association study of 23 f lowering phenology traits and 4 f loral agronomic traits in tree peony (Paeonia section Moutan DC.) reveals five genes known to regulate f lowering time

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Horticulture Research 2023年第2期10卷 118-133页

作者： Yuying Li Lili Guo Zhanying Wang Dehui Zhao Dalong Guo John E.Carlson weilun yin Xiaogai Hou College of Agronomy/College of Tree Peony Henan University of Science and TechnologyLuoyangHenan471023China Luoyang Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences LuoyangHenan471000China College of Forestry Henan University of Science and TechnologyLuoyangHenan471023China Department of Ecosystem Science and Management Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPA 16802USA College of Biological Sciences and Technology Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijing 100083China

Tree peony is a unique traditional f lower in China,with large,fragrant,and colorful f lowers.However,a relatively short and concentrated f lowering period limits the applications and production of tree peony.A genome-wide association study(GWAS)was conducted to accelerate molecular breeding for the improvement of f lowering phenology traits and ornamental phenotypes in tree peony.A diverse panel of 451 tree peony accessions was phenotyped for 23 f lowering phenology traits and 4 f loral agronomic traits over 3 years.Genotyping by sequencing(GBS)was used to obtain a large number of genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)(107050)for the panel genotypes,and 1047 candidate genes were identified by association mapping.Eighty-two related genes were observed during at least 2 years for f lowering,and seven SNPs repeatedly identified for multiple f lowering phenology traits over multiple years were highly significantly associated with five genes known to regulate f lowering time.We validated the temporal expression profiles of these candidate genes and highlighted their possible roles in the regulation of f lower bud differentiation and f lowering time in tree peony.This study shows that GWAS based on GBS can be used to identify the genetic determinants of complex traits in tree peony.The results expand our understanding of f lowering time control in perennial woody plants.Identification of markers closely related to these f lowering phenology traits can be used in tree peony breeding programs for important agronomic traits.

关键词： breeding traits tree

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Nutrient transport following water transfer through the world's largest water diversion channel

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第1期135卷 703-714页

作者： Yuanhui Cheng Hong Zhang Wei yin State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085 China Changjiang Water Resources Protection Institute Wuhan 430051China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

Nutrient levels in the artificial channel constructed for the Middle Route Project are significant indicators of water quality safety and aquatic ecological integrity for this large,interbasin scheme.However,the distribution and transport of nutrients along the channel were poorly understood.Based on a time-series dataset as well as mass balance and material flow analysis methods,the water and nutrient transport fluxes in the Middle Route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project were identified in this study.The results indicate that the nutrient concentrations varied considerably with time,but there was no significant difference among the 30 stations of the main channel.Seasonal temperature difference was the major factor in the large fluctuations of water quality indicators over time.The nutrient loadings varied with the water volume outputs from the main channel to the waterreceiving cities.Atmospheric deposition was an important source of nutrients in the main channel,accounting for 9.13%,20.6%,and 0.635%of the nitrogen,phosphorus,and sulfur input from the Danjiangkou Reservoir,respectively.In 2021,a net accumulation of 988 tons of N,29 tons of P,and 2,540 tons of S,respectively,were present in the main channel.The increase of these external and internal nutrient loadings would cause water quality fluctuation and deterioration in some local sections of the main channel.Our study quantified the spatial and temporal patterns of nutrient transport in the Middle Route and revealed the ecological effects on the aquatic environment,assisting authorities on the project to develop effective water conservation strategies.

关键词： Nutrient transport Spatiotemporal patterns The Middle Route The South-to-North Diversion Project Hydro-ecological effects Water-receiving cities

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Hydrogen and nitrogen absorption properties of Ce-added Zr_(2)(Fe_(1-x)Ni_(x)) alloys

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Journal of Rare Earths 2024年第6期42卷 1136-1141,I0005页

作者： Kai yin Xiaopeng Liu State Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials for Smart Sensing GRINM Group Co.Ltd.Beijing10088China GRIMAT Engineering Institute Co. Ltd.Beijing101407China General Research Institute of Nonferrous Metals Beijing100088China

To improve the nitriding resistance of Zr_(2)Fe alloy,the Ce-added Zr_(2)(Fe_(1-x)Ni_(x))(x=0,0.15,0.3,0.5)alloys were prepared by magnetic levitation melting method.The effects of Ni substitution for Fe on the phase structure,hydrogen and nitrogen absorption properties of the alloys were investigated by X-ray diffraction,scanning electron microscopy and p-c isotherm measurements.The experimental results show that Ni substitution can effectively inhibit the formation of both α-Zr and ZrFe_(2) phases and promote the formation of C16 structure Zr_(2)(Fe,Ni)phase,causing Ni-substituted alloys to exhibit low nitrogen absorption rate and capacity.At 623 K under 0.5 MPa nitrogen pressure,the nitrogen absorption capacity of Ce-added Zr_(2)(Fe_(0.5)Ni_(0.5))alloy reaches to 0.8 mL/g,much lower than that of Zr_(2)Fe alloy(1.5 mL/g).Ni substitution decreases the crystal cell volume of the C_(16)Zr_(2)(Fe,Ni)phase,resulting in an increase in the hydrogen absorption equilibrium pressure.At 623 K under 0.05 MPa hydrogen pressure,the hydrogen absorption capacity decreases from 1.46 wt%of Zr_(2)Fe alloy to 1.41 wt%of Ce-added Zr_(2)(Fe_(0.5)Ni_(0.5))alloy.

关键词： Zr_(2)Fe alloy Ce Pressure-composition isotherm Hydrogen absorption Nitrogen absorption Rare earths

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Rational surface charge engineering of haloalkane dehalogenase for boosting the enzymatic performance in organic solvent solutions

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2024年第1期65卷 276-285页

作者： yin Wu Yan Sun Department of Biochemical Engineering School of Chemical Engineering and Technology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering and Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology(Ministry of Education)Tianjin UniversityTianjin 300350China

Biocatalysis in organic solvents(OSs)has numerous important applications,but native enzymes in OSs often exhibit limited catalytic performance.Herein,we proposed a computation-aided surface charge engineering strategy to improve the catalytic performance of haloalkane dehalogenase DhaA in OSs based on the energetic analysis of substrate binding to the DhaA surface.Several variants with enhanced OS resistance were obtained by replacing negative charged residues on the surface with positive charged residue(Arg).Particularly,a four-substitution variant E16R/E93R/E121R/E257R exhibited the best catalytic performance(five-fold improvement in OS resistance and seven-fold half-life increase in 40%(vol)dimethylsulfoxide).As a result,the overall catalytic performance of the variant could be at least 26 times higher than the wild-type DhaA.Fluorescence spectroscopy and molecular dynamics simulation studies revealed that the residue substitution mainly enhanced OS resistance from four aspects:(a)improved the overall structural stability,(b)increased the hydrophobicity of the local microenvironment around the catalytic triad,(c)enriched the hydrophobic substrate around the enzyme molecule,and(d)lowered the contact frequency between OS molecules and the catalytic triad.Our findings validate that computationaided surface charge engineering is an effective and ingenious rational strategy for tailoring enzyme performance in OSs.

关键词： Surface charge engineering Organic solvent resistance Molecular dynamics simulation Haloalkane dehalogenase

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Single-base editing in IGF2 improves meat production and intramuscular fat deposition in Liang Guang Small Spotted pigs

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第1期15卷 108-126页

作者： Tianqi Duo Xiaohong Liu Delin Mo Yu Bian Shufang Cai Min Wang Ruiqiang Li Qi Zhu Xian Tong Ziyun Liang weilun Jiang Shiyi Chen Yaosheng Chen Zuyong He State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol School of Life SciencesSun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhou 510275GuangdongChina Department of Pharmacology(the State‑Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine‑Pharmaceutics of China Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular ResearchMinistry of Education)College of PharmacyHarbin Medical UniversityHarbin 150081China Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement of Domestic Animal College of Animal Science and TechnologyHunan Agricultural UniversityChangsha 410128China

Background Chinese indigenous pigs are popular with consumers for their juiciness,flavour and meat quality,but they have lower meat production.Insulin-like growth factor 2(IGF2) is a maternally imprinted growth factor that promotes skeletal muscle growth by regulating cell proliferation and differentiation.A single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP) within intron 3 of porcine IGF2 disrupts a binding site for the repressor,zinc finger BED-type containing 6(ZBED6),leading to up-regulation of IGF2 and causing major effects on muscle growth,heart size,and backfat thickness.This favorable mutation is common in Western commercial pig populations,but absent in most Chinese indigenous pig breeds.To improve meat production of Chinese indigenous pigs,we used cytosine base editor 3(CBE3)to introduce IGF2 intron3-C3071T mutation into porcine embryonic fibroblasts(PEFs) isolated from a male Liang Guang Small Spotted pig(LGSS),and single-cell clones harboring the desired mutation were selected for somatic cell nuclear transfer(SCNT) to generate the founder line of IGF2^(T/T) pigs.Results We found the heterozygous progeny IGF2^(C/T) pigs exhibited enhanced expression of IGF2,increased lean meat by 18%-36%,enlarged loin muscle area by 3%-17%,improved intramuscular fat(IMF) content by 18%-39%,marbling score by 0.75-1,meat color score by 0.53-1.25,and reduced backfat thickness by 5%-16%.The enhanced accumulation of intramuscular fat in IGF2^(C/T) pigs was identified to be regulated by the PI3K-AKT/AMPK pathway,which activated SREBP1 to promote adipogenesis.Conclusions We demonstrated the introduction of IGF2-intron3-C3071T in Chinese LGSS can improve both meat production and quality,and first identified the regulation of IMF deposition by IGF2 through SREBP1 via the PI3KAKT/AMPK signaling pathways.Our study provides a further understanding of the biological functions of IGF2and an example for improving porcine economic traits through precise base editing.

关键词： CBE3 IGF2 Intramuscular fat Meat production PI3K-AKT/AMPK ZBED6

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Origin of the Dashuigou independent tellurium deposit at Qinghai–Xizang Plateau: constraints from the light stable isotopes C, O, and H

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Acta Geochimica 2024年第2期43卷 385-398页

作者： Jianzhao yin Yuhong Chao Haoyu yin Hongyun Shi Shoupu Xiang Wuhan Institute of Technology Wuhan 430074China College of Earth Sciences Jilin UniversityChangchun 130061China Ganzhongnan Institute of Geology and Mineral Exploration Nanchang 330002China Guinea Westfi eld Mining Company-Sarlu Jinzhong 031300China Orient Resources Ltd. RichmondB.C.V7E 1M8Canada Silvercorp Metals Inc. Beijing 100027China

By studying the light isotopic compositions of carbon,oxygen,and hydrogen,combined with previous research results on the ore-forming source of the deposit,the authors try to uncover its metallogenic origin.The δ^(18)O and δ^(13)C isotope signatures of dolomite samples vary between 10.2 and 13.0‰,and between−7.2 and−5.2‰,respectively,implying that the carbon derives from the upper mantle.δD and δ^(18) O of quartz,biotite,and muscovite from diff erent ore veins of the deposit vary between−82 and−59‰,and between 11.6 and 12.4‰,respectively,implying that the metallogenic solutions are mainly magmatic.According to the relevant research results of many isotope geologists,the fractionation degree of hydrogen isotopes increases as the depth to the Earth’s core increases,and the more diff erentiated the hydrogen isotopes are,the lower their values will be.In other words,mantle-derived solutions can have extremely low hydrogen isotope values.This means that the δD‰ value−134 of the pyrrhotite sample numbered SD-34 in this article may indicate mantle-derived oreforming fl uid of the deposit.The formation of the Dashuigou tellurium deposit occurred between 91.71 and 80.19 Ma.

关键词： Carbon oxygen and hydrogen isotopes Origin Independent tellurium deposit The Qinghai–Xizang Plateau

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Variational Analysis Based on Proximal Subdifferential on Smooth Banach Spaces

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Acta Mathematica Sinica,English Series 2024年第2期40卷 595-618页

作者： Xi yin ZHENG Department of Mathematics Yunnan UniversityKunming 650091P.R.China

This paper first shows that for any p∈(1,2)there exists a continuously differentiable function f on l^(p)(and L^(p))such that the proximal subdifferential of f is empty everywhere,and hence it is not suitable to develop theory on proximal subdifferential in the classical Banach spaces l^(P)and L^(P) with p∈(1,2).On the other hand,this paper establishes variational analysis based on the proximal subdifferential in the framework of smooth Banach spaces of power type 2,which conclude all Hilbert spaces and all the classical spaces l^(P)and L^(P)with p∈(2,+∞).In particular,in such a smooth space,we provide the proximal subdifferential rules for sum functions,product functions,composite functions and supremum functions,which extend the basic results on the proximal subdifferential established in the framework of Hilbert spaces.Some of our main results are new even in the Hilbert space case.As applications,we provide KKT-like conditions for nonsmooth optimization problems in terms of proximal subdifferential.

关键词： Smooth Banach space proximal subdifferential proximal normal cone KKT condition

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New structure transistors for advanced technology node CMOS ICs

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National Science Review 2024年第3期11卷 24-41页

作者： Qingzhu Zhang Yongkui Zhang Yanna Luo Huaxiang yin Integrated Circuit Advanced Process R&D Center Institute of Microelectronics of Chinese Academy of Sciences(IMECAS) State key Lab of Fabrication Technologies for Integrated Circuits Institute of Microelectronics of Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Integrated Circuits University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

Over recent decades, advancements in complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor integrated circuits(ICs)have mainly relied on structural innovations in transistors. From planar transistors to the fin field-effect transistor(FinFET) and gate-all-around FET(GAAFET), more gate electrodes have been added to three-dimensional(3D) channels with enhanced control and carrier conductance to provide higher electrostatic integrity and higher operating currents within the same device footprint. Beyond the 1-nm node, Moore's law scaling is no longer expected to be applicable to geometrical shrinkage. Vertical transistor stacking, e.g. in complementary FETs(CFET), 3D stack(3DS) FETs and vertical-channel transistors(VFET), for enhanced density and variable circuit or system design represents a revolutionary scaling approach for sustained IC development. Herein, innovative works on specific structures, key process breakthroughs, shrinking cell sizes and design methodologies for transistor structure research and development are reviewed. Perspectives on future innovations in advanced transistors with new channel materials and operating theories are also discussed.

关键词： transistor CMOS GAAFET CFET 3DS FET

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AZD1775 and anti-PD-1 antibody synergistically sensitize hepatoma to radiotherapy

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Chinese Medical Journal 2024年第2期137卷 222-231页

作者： Yichun yin Jian Wang Junxuan Yi Kaiyue Zhang Zimeng yin Shunzi Jin Baisong Zheng Public Health of College Jilin UniversityJilinChangchun 130021China Institute of Virology and AIDS Research The First Hospital of Jilin UniversityJilinChangchun 130021China NHC Key Laboratory of Radiobiology(Jilin University) JilinChangchun 130021China

Background:Radiation(IR)-induced DNA damage triggers cell cycle arrest and has a suppressive effect on the tumor microenvironment(TME).Wee1,a cell cycle regulator,can eliminate G2/M arrest by phosphorylating cyclin-dependent kinase 1(CDK1).Meanwhile,programed death-1/programed death ligand-1(PD-1/PDL-1)blockade is closely related to TME.This study aims to investigate the effects and mechanisms of Wee1 inhibitor AZD1775 and anti-PD-1 antibody(anti-PD-1 Ab)on radiosensitization of hepatoma.Methods:The anti-tumor activity of AZD1775 and IR was determined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-y1)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide(MTT)assay on human and mouse hepatoma cells HepG2,Hepa1-6,and H22.The anti-hepatoma mechanism of AZD1775 and IR revealed by flow cytometry and Western blot in vitro.A hepatoma subcutaneous xenograft mice model was constructed on Balb/c mice,which were divided into control group,IR group,AZD1775 group,IR+AZD1775 group,IR+anti-PD-1 Ab group,and the IR+AZD1775+anti-PD-1 Ab group.Cytotoxic CD8^(+)T cells in TME were analyzed by flow cytometry.Results:Combining IR with AZD1775 synergistically reduced the viability of hepatoma cells in vitro.AZD1775 exhibited antitumor effects by decreasing CDK1 phosphorylation to reverse the IR-induced G2/M arrest and increasing IR-induced DNA damage.AZD1775 treatment also reduced the proportion of PD-1^(+)/CD8^(+)T cells in the spleen of hepatoma subcutaneous xenograft mice.Further studies revealed that AZD1775 and anti-PD-1 Ab could enhance the radiosensitivity of hepatoma by enhancing the levels of interferonγ(IFNγ)^(+)or Ki67^(+)CD8 T cells and decreasing the levels of CD8^(+)Tregs cells in the tumor and spleen of the hepatoma mice model,indicating that the improvement of TME was manifested by increasing the cytotoxic factor IFNγexpression,enhancing CD8^(+)T cells proliferation,and weakening CD8^(+)T cells depletion.Conclusions:This work suggests that AZD1775 and anti-PD-1 Ab synergistically sensitize hepatoma to radiotherapy by enhancing IR-induced DNA damage and improv

关键词： Hepatoma Radiation AZD1775 Anti-PD-1 antibody DNA damage Tumor microenvironment

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