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Aerosol composition,sources,and secondary processing during autumn at a regional site in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region

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Particuology 2023年第4期75卷 177-184页

作者： Yichen Wang Qiyuan Wang Jie Tian Yong Zhang Yunfei Wu weikang ran Renjian Zhang Junji Cao School of Public Policy and Administration Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi'an710129China Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology Institute of Earth EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesXi'an710061China CAS Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change Xi'an710061China Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100029China Xianghe Observatoryof Whole Atmosphere Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesXianghe CountyHebei Province065400China

Air pollution is serious during autumn in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei(BTH)region,but there are few studies that have utilized real-time observations and source apportionment of the autumn submicron aerosols in this *** this study,a quadrupole aerosol chemical speciation monitor(Q-ACSM)was deployed for the real-time measurement of the non-refractory compositions of submicron aerosols(NR-PM1)at a regional site(Xianghe)from October 3 to November 14,*** results showed that nitrate was the largest inorganic aerosol,and the oxygenated organic aerosol(OOA)was the largest organic aerosol in ***-like OA(HOA)was the largest organic aerosol When the NR-PM1 mass concentrations increased from the lowest to the highest bins,nitrate and biomass burning OA(BBOA)showed increasing trends in the suburban *** nitrate formation during the pollution epi-sodes resulted from both photochemical and aqueous *** reduce the particulate matter(PM2.5)concentrations and eliminate heavy pollution episodes,control measures should focus on reducing NO_(x),NH_(3),and volatile organic compound(VOCs)emissions.

关键词： Autumn Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region Submicron aerosol Organic sources Control measures

Impact of COVID-19 lockdown on the optical properties and radiative effects of urban brown carbon aerosol

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Geoscience Frontiers 2022年第6期13卷 291-301页

作者： Yong Zhang Qiyuan Wang Jie Tian Yu Li Huikun Liu weikang ran Yongming Han AndréS.H.Prévot Junji Cao State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology Institute of Earth EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesXi’an 710061China CAS Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change Xi’an 710061China Guanzhong Plain Ecological Environment Change and Comprehensive Treatment National Observation and Research Station Xi’an 710061China Xi’an Institute for Innovative Earth Environment Research Xi’an 710061China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry Paul Scherrer Institute(PSI)Villigen 5232Switzerland

Intensive measurements were conducted in Xi’an,China before and during a COVID-19 lockdown period to investigate how changes in anthropogenic emissions affected the optical properties and radiative effects of brown carbon(BrC)*** contribution of BrC to total aerosol light absorption during the lockdown(13%-49%)was higher compared with the normal period(4%-29%).Mass absorption cross-sections(MACs)of specific organic aerosol(OA)factors were calculated from a ridge regression *** the primary OA(POA),coal combustion OA(CCOA)had the largest MACs at all tested wave-lengths during both periods due to high molecular-weight BrC chromophores;that was followed by biomass burning OA(BBOA)and hydrocarbon-like OA(HOA).For secondary OA(SOA),the MACs of the lessoxidized oxygenated OA(OOA)species(LO-OOA)atλ=370-590 nm were higher than those of more-oxidized OOA(MO-OOA)during both periods,presumably due to chromophore *** largest contributor to BrC absorption at the short wavelengths was CCOA during both periods,but BrC absorption by LO-OOA and MO-OOA became dominant at longer wavelengths during the *** estimated radiation forcing efficiency of BrC over 370-600 nm increased from 37.5 W·gduring the normal period to 50.2 W·gduring the lockdown,and that enhancement was mainly caused by higher MACs for both LO-OOA and *** study provides insights into the optical properties and radiative effects of source-specific BrC aerosol when pollution emissions are reduced.

关键词： COVID-19 Brown carbon Mass absorption cross-section Radiative effects

Design strategies and insights of flexible infrared optoelectronic sensors

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Journal of Semiconductors 2025年第1期46卷 21-56页

作者： Yegang Liang Wenhao ran Dan Kuang Zhuoran Wang School of Integrated Circuits and Electronics Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China

Infrared optoelectronic sensing is the core of many critical applications such as night vision,health and medication,military,space exploration,*** including mechanical flexibility as a new dimension enables novel features of adaptability and conformability,promising for developing next-generation optoelectronic sensory applications toward reduced size,weight,price,power consumption,and enhanced performance(SWaP^(3)).However,in this emerging research frontier,challenges persist in simultaneously achieving high infrared response and good mechanical deformability in devices and integrated ***,we perform a comprehensive review of the design strategies and insights of flexible infrared optoelectronic sensors,including the fundamentals of infrared photodetectors,selection of materials and device architectures,fabrication techniques and design strategies,and the discussion of architectural and functional integration towards applications in wearable optoelectronics and advanced image ***,this article offers insights into future directions to practically realize the ultra-high performance and smart sensors enabled by infrared-sensitive materials,covering challenges in materials development and device micro-/*** for scaling these techniques across fabrication,performance,and integration are presented,alongside perspectives on potential applications in medication and health,biomimetic vision,and neuromorphic sensory systems,etc.

关键词： flexible infrared sensor infrared-sensitive materials device architectures fabrication techniques design strategies

Micro-strain regulation strategy to stabilize perovskite lattice based on the categories and impact of strain on perovskite solar cells

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2025年第1期100卷 578-604页

作者： Caixia Li Wenwu Liu Shiji Da Lingbin Kong Fen ran State Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing and Recycling of Nonferrous Metals Lanzhou University of TechnologyLanzhou 730050GansuChina School of Materials Science and Engineering Lanzhou University of TechnologyLanzhou 730050GansuChina

Photovoltaic metal halide perovskite solar cells(PSCs) convert light to electricity more efficiently than crystalline silicon cells, and the cost of materials used to make them is lower than that of silicon *** efficiency is not a core issue affecting the application of perovskite solar cells in special *** present, stability is the major technical encounters that hinders its further commercial development. Microstrain in PSCs is currently a significant factor responsible for the device's instability. Strain-induced ion migration is widely believed to accelerate perovskite degradation even when external stimuli are ***, it is imperative to study strain to enhance the stability of PSCs. This paper reviews recent developments to understand strain's origin and effect mechanisms on performance of PSCs, including ion migration,failure behavior, defect formation, and its effect on photoelectric properties, stability, and ***, several well-known strain management strategies are systematically introduced based on the strain effect mechanism and strain engineering on the film, providing more clues for further preparation with increased stability. The manipulation of external physical strain applied from films to entire devices has been extensively studied. Furthermore, recommendations for future research directions and chemical approaches have been provided. It is emphasized that strain engineering plays a crucial role in improving the efficiency and longevity of PSCs. Tensile strain causes rapid degradation, while moderate compressive strain and external strain control could improve properties and stability. Efforts should focus on controlling compressive strain to mitigate residual tensile strain and introducing it in a controlled manner. Future research endeavors may focus on exploring these pathways to improve the efficiency and lifespan of PSCs.

关键词： Halide perovskite solar cells Strain origins Strain effects Strain management

Systematic experimental investigation on pressure build-up characteristics of water-jet injection into a molten LBE pool

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2025年第1期36卷 161-174页

作者： Hao-ran Huang Zi-Jian Deng Song-Bai Cheng Jia-Yue Chen Sino‑French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology Sun Yat-Sen UniversityZhuhai 519082China College of Nuclear Science and Technology Harbin Engineering UniversityHarbin 150001China

In the scenario of a steam generator tube rupture accident in a lead-cooled fast reactor,secondary circuit subcooled water under high pressure is injected into an ordinary-pressure primary vessel,where a molten lead-based alloy(typically pure lead or lead-bismuth eutectic(LBE))is used as the *** clarify the pressure build-up characteristics under water-jet injection,this study conducted several experiments by injecting pressurized water into a molten LBE pool at Sun Yat-sen *** obtain a further understanding,several new experimental parameters were adopted,including the melt temperature,water subcooling,injection pressure,injection duration,and nozzle *** detailed analyses,it was found that the pressure and temperature during the water-melt interaction exhibited a consistent variation trend with our previous water-droplet injection mode LBE ***,the existence of a steam explosion was confirmed,which typically results in a much stronger pressure *** the non-explosion cases,increasing the injection pressure,melt-pool temperature,nozzle diameter,and water subcooling promoted pressure build-up in the melt ***,a limited enhancement effect was observed when increasing the injection duration,which may be owing to the continually rising pressure in the interaction vessel or the isolation effect of the generated steam *** of whether a steam explosion occurred,the calculated mechanical and kinetic energy conversion efficiencies of the melt were relatively small(not exceeding 4.1%and 0.7%,respectively).Moreover,the range of the conversion efficiency was similar to that of previous water-droplet experiments,although the upper limit of the jet mode was slightly lower.

关键词： Lead-cooled fast reactor Steam generator tube rupture accident Pressure build-up characteristics Experimental study Pressure water-jet injection

High-temperature oxidation behavior and degradation mechanism of chromium-coated zirconium alloy cladding: a review

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Tungsten 2025年第1期7卷 50-70页

作者： Yi Li Bei-Qi Wang Xin-Yin Zhang Shi-Jie Wang Cong-Yi Li Hui-Long Yang ran-ran Su Tong Liu School of Mechanical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University College and Graduate School of Arts and Sciences University of Virginia Global Institute of Future Technology Shanghai Jiao Tong University

Accident-tolerant fuels(ATF) have been extensively studied to reduce the production rate and total amount of heat and hydrogen generated from high-temperature steam oxidation during severe ***-coated zirconium alloy cladding has become one of the most promising candidates for ATF because of its excellent corrosion and oxidation *** paper provides a comprehensive overview of the research progress on oxidation behaviors and degradation mechanisms in chromium-coated zirconium alloy cladding under high-temperature *** techniques to strengthen the oxidation resistance are highlighted and ***,challenges and opportunities for various future directions are addressed.

关键词： Accident-tolerant fuel Chromium coating Degradation mechanism High-temperature oxidation behavior Zirconium alloy cladding

Intricate Fault Systems in Longmenshan Structural Belt's Northern End:Exploring Structural Evolution and Seismic Rupture Behavior in the Eastern Tibetan Plateau

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Journal of Earth Science 2025年第1期36卷 250-265页

作者： Hanyu Huang Renqi Lu Dengfa He Jinliang Gao weikang Zhang Lingyu Kang State Key Laboratory of Earthquake Dynamics Institute of GeologyChina Earthquake AdministrationBeijing 100029China State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation Institute of Sedimentary GeologyChengdu University of TechnologyChengdu 610059China College of Energy Resources China University of GeosciencesBeijing 100083China PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development Beijing 100083China

The Longmenshan structural belt on the eastern edge of the Tibetan Plateau experienced the impactful Mw7.92008 Wenchuan Earthquake,causing a 350 km surface *** models attribute this to the Beichuan and Pengguan faults,but our research reveals a complex fault system at the northern end,with inconsistencies in surface rupture,aftershock distribution,and focal *** integrate shallow geology,active source seismic reflection,and magnetotelluric profiling to establish a deep structural model for the northern end of the Longmenshan structural *** area exhibits dominant reverse thrust nappe tectonics,and analyzing the tectonic evolution history provides insights into deformation propagation from the orogenic belt toward the Sichuan *** mechanism analysis and relocated aftershock data reveals two distinct types of seismogenic structures in the northern end of the Longmenshan structural *** the middle to northern segments,the reverse fault type is attributed to reactivated pre-existing ***,at the northern end,the strike-slip fault type originates from high-angle co-seismic rupture cutting through pre-existing reverse *** study enhances our understanding of fault complexity and seismic mechanisms in the northeastern Longmenshan structural belt,providing new insights into regional tectonics.

关键词： Longmenshan structural belt fault system structural evolution tectonics earthquakes focal mechanism

Structural designs and mechanism insights into electrocatalytic oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2025年第1期100卷 792-814页

作者： Jing Lei Huijie Zhang Jian Yang Jia ran Jiqiang Ning Haiyan Wang Yong Hu Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials Department of ChemistryZhejiang Normal UniversityJinhua 321004ZhejiangChina Jinhua Advanced Research Institute Jinhua 321019ZhejiangChina Department of Optical Science and Engineering Fudan UniversityShanghai 200438China College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering Zhejiang A&F UniversityHangzhou 311300ZhejiangChina

Biomass conversion offers an efficient approach to alleviate the energy and environmental *** oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural(HMF)has attracted tremendous attention in the latest few years for the mild synthesis conditions and high conversion efficiency to obtain 2,5-furan dicarboxylic acid(FDCA),but there still remain problems such as limited yield,short cycle life,and ambiguous reaction *** many reviews highlighting a variety of electrocatalysts for electrochemical oxidation of HMF,a detailed discussion of the structural modulation of catalyst and the underlying catalytic mechanism is still *** herein provide a comprehensive summary of the recent development of electrochemical oxidation of HMF to FDCA,particularly focusing on the mechanism studies as well as the advanced strategies developed to regulate the structure and optimize the performance of the electrocatalysts,including heterointerface construction,defect engineering,single-atom engineering,and in situ *** characterization techniques and theoretical calculation methods for mechanism and active site studies are elaborated,and challenges and future directions of electrochemical oxidation of HMF are also *** review will provide guidance for designing advanced catalysts and deepening the understanding of the reaction mechanism beneath electrochemical oxidation of HMF to FDCA.

关键词： Electrochemical oxidation of 5- hydroxymethylfurfural 2,5-Furan dicarboxylic acid Structural design Mechanism Electrocatalysts

The gut microbiome modulate response to immunotherapy in cancer

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2025年第2期68卷 381-396页

作者： Shan-Shan Jiang Zi-ran Kang Ying-Xuan Chen Jing-Yuan Fang Division of Gastroenterologyand Hepatology Shanghai Instituteof Digestive DiseaseNHC KeyLaboratoryof Digestive DiseasesState KeyLaboratoryfor Oncogenesand Related GenesRenji HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200001China

Gut microbiota have been reported to play an important role in the occurrence and development of malignant ***,clinical studies have identified specific gut microbiota and its metabolites associated with efficacy of immunotherapy in multiple types of *** investigations have elucidated that gut microbiota modulate the antitumor immunity and affect the efficacy of cancer *** microbiota and its metabolites may favorably remodel the tumor microenvironment by engaging innate and/or adaptive immune *** how the gut microbiome interacts with cancer immunotherapy opens new avenues for improving treatment *** microbial transplants,probiotics,dietary interventions,and other strategies targeting the microbiota have shown promise in preclinical studies to enhance the *** clinical trials are evaluating these *** review presents the recent advancements in understanding the dynamic interplay among the host immunity,the microbiome,and cancer immunotherapy,as well as strategies for modulating the microbiome,with a view to translating into clinical applications.

关键词： cancer immunotherapy gut microbiota intratumoral microbiota microbiota-derived metabolites innate and adaptive immunity