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A preliminary study on measurements of black carbon in the atmosphere of northwest Qilian Shan

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2012年第1期24卷 152-159页

作者： Shuyu Zhao Jing Ming Cunde Xiao weijun sun Xiang Qin State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research InstituteChinese Academy of SciencesGansu 730000China China National Climate Center Beijing 100081China Qilian Shan Station of Glaciology and Ecologic Environment Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research InstituteChinese Academy of SciencesGansu 730000China

Black carbon （BC） concentration and meteorological data are measured discontinuously from May 2009 to March 2011,at the Qilian Shan Station of Glaciology and Ecologic Environment （hereafter ＂QSSGEE＂）,located near the terminal of the Laohugou No.12 Glacier in northwestern Qilian Shan,*** measured the daily,monthly and seasonal variations of BC concentration in the atmosphere and discussed the possible emission *** carbon background concentration in this region varied in the range of 18–72 ng/m 3 with the highest in summer and the lowest in *** relations between BC concentration and surface wind direction indicated that BC concentration was higher when northwest wind prevails while lower when southeast wind *** masses backward trajectories showed the potential emission sources in the *** positive correlations between daily mean BC concentration and relative humidity indicated that BC might be one of important cloud condensation *** hypothesis needs to be confirmed further through cloud microphysical features in this region.

关键词： black carbon Qilian Shan cloud condensation nuclei

Seasonal variation and sources of atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in a background site on the Tibetan Plateau

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2023年第3期125卷 524-532页

作者： Xuemei Wu weijun sun Baojuan Huai LeiWang Chuntan Han Yetang Wang Wenying Mi College of Geography and Environment Shandong Normal UniversityJinan 250014China Qilian Alpine Ecology and Hydrology Research Station Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China MINJIE Institute of Environmental Science and Health Research Geesthacht 21502Germany

The study of atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) in northeastern Tibetan Plateau with fragile ecological environment and complex atmospheric circulation system is blank. To understand the characteristics and sources of persistent organic pollutants in the atmosphere of the northeastern Tibetan Plateau, we monitored levels in the central Qilian Mountain. From 2016 to 2017, we collected 45-pair(particle + gas) samples using active air samplers to investigate the sources, transport paths, and their influencing *** of PAHs were analysed with a source diagnostic model, and atmospheric transport paths were calculated. The concentration range for Σ15PAHs was 439–4666 pg/m^(3), and the average was 2015 pg/m^(3). The PAHs in central Qilian Mountain are mainly low molecular weight(LMW) PAHs. Winter concentrations of PAHs were higher than those in summer. The transport of PAHs is mainly affected by westerlies, and there are seasonal differences. Source analysis showed that PAHs mainly came from coal and biomass combustion and vehicle emissions, with seasonal differences. This study clarifies the concentration and seasonal variation of PAHs in the northern Tibetan Plateau, which is conducive to understanding the atmospheric transport process and fate of pollutants. The background site of Qilian Mountains located in the Silk Road economic belt has the value and significance of longterm observation of pollutants.

关键词： Long-range atmospheric transport Seasonal variation concentration Meteorological factors Qilian Mountain

Potential Effect of Black Carbon on Glacier Mass Balance during the Past 55 Years of Laohugou Glacier No. 12, Western Qilian Mountains

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Journal of Earth Science 2020年第2期31卷 410-418页

作者： Jizu Chen Xiang Qin Shichang Kang Wentao Du weijun sun Yushuo Liu Qilian Shan Station of Glaciology and Ecological Environment State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric SciencesNorthwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)Lanzhou 730000China CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences Beijing 100085China College of Geography and Environment Shandong Normal UniversityJinan 250014China

This study reconstructed the annual mass balance(MB)of Laohugou Glacier No.12 in the western Qilian Mountains during 1961–*** annual MB was calculated based on a temperature-index and an accumulation model with inputs of daily air temperature and precipitation recorded by surrounding meteorological *** model was calibrated by in-situ MB measurements conducted on the glacier during 2010–*** in constructed annual MB had three *** Phase Ⅰ(1961-1984),glacier-wide MB values were slightly positive with an average MB of 24±276 mm w.e.(water equivalent).During Phase Ⅱ(1984-1995),the MB values became slightly negative with an average MB of?50±276 mm w.e..The most negative MB values were found during Phase Ⅲ(1996–2015),with an average MB of?377±276 mm *** analysis showed that the warming led to accelerated glacier mass loss despite a persistent increase of precipitation during the analysis ***,an increase of black carbon deposited on the glacier surface since the 1980s could have contributed to intensified glacier *** simulations and measurements of MB on the Urumqi Glacier No.1,26%of glacier melt caused by black carbon could be identified.

关键词： Laohugou Glacier No.12 climate change temperature-index model mass balance black carbon

Observed features of stable surface seawater isotopes across the Pacific, Indian and Southern oceans

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2024年第10期43卷 33-39页

作者： Xuemei Wu weijun sun Biao Tian Baojuan Huai Zhiheng Du Minghu Ding College of Geography and Environment Shandong Normal UniversityJinan 250014China State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather Chinese Academy of Meteorological SciencesBeijing 100081China State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China

The marine hydrological process is still unclear due to scarce *** on stable water isotopes in surface seawater along the 33rd Chinese National Antarctic Science Expedition from November 2016 to April 2017,this study explored the hydrological processes in the Pacific,Indian and Southern *** results show that the Northwest Pacific(0°–26°N)is a region with strong evaporation(theδ18O-δD slope is 6.58),while the southern Indian Ocean is a region with strong precipitation(theδ18O-δD slope is 9.57).The influence of continental runoff and water mass mixing reduces the correlation betweenδ18O and salinity in the eastern Indian *** characteristics of the isotopes and hydrological parameters indicate that the Agulhas Front and sub-Tropical Convergence do not merge in the Antarctic–Indian Ocean *** freezing of sea ice near the Antarctic continent decreases theδ18O andδD by 0.40‰and 7.0‰,respectively,compared with those near 67°*** study is helpful for understanding marine hydrological processes and promoting the understanding and research of the nature of ocean responses in the context of climate change.

关键词： spatial variability surface seawater isotopes δ18O-salinity relation water mass fronts

How do GPM and TRMM precipitation products perform in alpine regions?A case study in northwestern China's Qilian Mountains

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2022年第5期32卷 913-931页

作者： sun weijun CHEN Rensheng WANG Lei WANG Yingshan HAN Chuntan HUAI Baojuan College of Geography and Environment Shandong Normal UniversityJinan250358China Qilian Alpine Ecology&Hydrology Research Station Key Laboratory of Ecohydrology of Inland River BasinNorthwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesCASLanzhou730000China

Satellite technologies provide valuable areal precipitation datasets in alpine ***,coarse resolution still limits the use of satellite precipitation datasets in hydrological and meteorological *** evaluated different time scales and precipitation magnitudes of Tropical Rainfall Measurement Mission 3B43 V7(TRMM)and Global Precipitation Measurement(GPM)products for alpine regions using ground precipitation datasets from January 2015 to June 2019 obtained from 25 national meteorological stations and 11 sets of T-200B weighing precipitation gauges in the Qilian *** results indicated that GPM outperformed TRMM at all temporal scales at an elevation3500 m,with the best performance at 4000 *** and TRMM had the best estimation accuracy in areas with monthly precipitation of 30 mm and 40 mm,*** TRMM and GPM products underestimated mid to large daily precipitation and overestimated light daily precipitation averaging<2 mm/*** research not only emphasizes the superiority of GPM/TRMM in different regions but also indicates the limitations of precipitation algorithms.

关键词： accuracy assessment GPM TRMM alpine regions precipitation

Evaluation of the Antarctic Mesoscale Prediction System Based on Snow Accumulation Observations over the Ross Ice Shelf

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2017年第5期34卷 587-598页

作者： Yihui LIU Yetang WANG Minghu DING weijun sun Tong ZHANG Yuetong XU College of Geography and Environment Shandong Normal University Institute of Climate System Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences

Recent snow height measurements(2008–15) from nine automatic weather stations(AWSs) on the Ross Ice Shelf are used to examine the synoptic and seasonal variability in snow accumulation,and also to evaluate the performance of the Antarctic Mesoscale Prediction System(AMPS) for precipitation. The number of snow accumulation events varies from one station to another between 2008 and 2015,thus demonstrating geographic dependence. The interannual variability in snow accumulation is too high to determine its seasonality based on the current AWS observations with limited time *** between the AMPS and AWS snow height measurements show that approximately 28% of the AWS events are reproduced by AMPS. Furthermore,there are significant correlations between AMPS and AWS coincident event sizes at five stations(p < 0.05). This finding suggests that AMPS has a certain ability to represent actual precipitation events.

关键词： snow accumulation measurements precipitation evaluation Ross Ice Shelf

Chemical Characteristics and Environmental Records of a Snow-Pit at the Glacier No.12 in the Laohugou Valley, Qilian Mountains

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Journal of Earth Science 2014年第2期25卷 379-385页

作者： Xiaoqing Cui Jiawen Ren Xiang Qin weijun sun Guangming Yu Zebin Wang Weigang Liu State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science Cold and Arid Region Environment and Engineering Research InstituteChinese Academy of Sciences Qilian Shan Station of Glaciology and Ecologic Environment Key Laboratory of Arid Climatic Change and Reducing Disaster of Gansu Province Institute of Arid MeteorologyChina Meteorological Administration

In June 2006, samples were collected from a 90 cm snow-pit at an elevation of 5 040 m a.s.l, in the northern branch firn basin of the Glacier No. 12, Laohugou Valley, in the western part of Qilian Mountain, China. Oxygen isotopes （6180） and major soluble ions were measured. Results showed that Ca2＋ is the dominant cation, and SO42 is the dominant anion. All major ions have close positive correlations with eachother except NO3 and NH4＋. 6180 show positive correlation with air temperature. The method of correlation analysis, sea-salt ion tracer and trend analysis were used to determine the source of the chemical components. The correlation analysis and HYSPLIT backward trajectory analysis suggest that atmospheric soluble dust species dominate the chemical signature.

关键词： snow-pit glaciochemistry Glacier No. 12 at Laohugou ion Qilian Mountain.

Atmospheric insight to climatic signals of δ^18O in a Laohugou ice core in the northeastern Tibetan Plateau during 1960–2006

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Research in Cold and Arid Regions 2016年第5期8卷 367-377页

作者： WenTao Du ShiChang Kang Xiang Qin XiaoQing Cui weijun sun Qilian Shan Station of Glaciology and Ecologic Environment State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou Gansu 730000 China CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences Beijing 100101 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China College of Population Resources and Environment Shandong Normal University Jinan Shandong 250014 China

Ice documentation and response to prominent warming, especially after the 1990s, is further investigated because it is concerned whether ice records have absence. A δ^18O series of a Laohugou （LHG） shallow ice core （20.12 m） in the northeastern Tibetan Plateau was reconstructed covering the period of 1960–2006. The ice core δ^18O record had sig-nificant positive correlations with the warm season （May–September） air temperatures at adjacent meteorological stations and the 500 hPa temperatures in boreal China, indicating that the δ^18O record could be considered a credible proxy of regional temperature. A clear, cold temperature event in 1967 and rapid warming after the 1990s were captured in the LHG δ^18O series, revealing that it could record extreme air-temperature events on both regional and global scales. The LHG δ^18O variations had evident positive correlations with both the summer surface outgoing longwave radiation （OLR） in the Mongolia region and the summer meridional wind at 500 hPa in the LHG region during 1960–2006, suggesting that the increased OLR in the Mongolia region might have intensified the Mongolia Low and expanded the pressure gradient to the LHG region （the Shulehe High）, which would have pushed the westerlies further north and suppressed southward incursions of cold air into the LHG region, and thus augmented the temperature rise. The regional atmospheric circulation difference （1985–2006 minus 1960–1984） suggested that the anticyclone in the Mongolia region might have developed the easterly wind, which transported warmer air from the east toward the LHG region and weakened the cold penetration of the westerlies, resulting in the temperature rise since the middle 1980s.

关键词： δ^18O variations ice core outgoing longwave radiation meridional wind northeastern Tibetan Plateau

The mass-balance characteristics and sensitivities to climate variables of Laohugou Glacier No.12,western Qilian Mountains,China

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Research in Cold and Arid Regions 2017年第6期9卷 631-641页

作者： JiZu Chen ShiChang Kang Xiang Qin WenTao Du weijun sun YuShuo Liu Qilian Shan Station of Glaciology and Ecological Environment State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric SciencesNorthwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhouGansu 730000China University of CAS Beijing 100049China CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences Beijing 100085China College of Population Resources and EnvironmentShandong Normal UniversityJinanShandong 250014China

Due to global warming, glaciers on the Tibetan Plateau(TP) are experiencing widespread shrinkage; however, the mechanisms controlling glacier variations across the TP are still rather unclear, especially on the northeastern TP. In this study, a physically based, distributed surface-energy and mass-balance model was used to simulate glacier mass balance forced by meteorological data. The model was applied to Laohugou No. 12 Glacier, western Qilian Mountains, China, during2010~2012. The simulated albedo and mass balance were validated and calibrated by in situ measurements. The simulated annual glacier-wide mass balances were-385 mm water equivalent(w.e.) in 2010/2011 and-232 mm w.e. in 2011/2012,respectively. The mean equilibrium-line altitude(ELA) was 5,015 m a.s.l., during 2010~2012, which ascended by 215 m compared to that in the 1970 s. The mean accumulation area ratio(AAR) was 39% during the two years. Climatic-sensitivity experiments indicated that the change of glacier mass balance resulting from a 1.5 °C increase in air temperature could be offset by a 30% increase in annual precipitation. The glacier mass balance varied linearly with precipitation, at a rate of130 mm w.e. per 10% change in total precipitation.

关键词： glacier mass balance energy- and mass-balance model climate sensitivities