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拔尖创新人才培养的美国经验对教育强国建设的启示

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中国农业教育 2024年第3期25卷 98-110页

作者：黄维海陈海林南京农业大学江苏南京210095

着力造就拔尖创新人才,建成教育强国是党的二十大提出的重要任务。以诺贝尔科学奖获得者作为拔尖创新人才的代表观察世界教育强国,二战后一半的获奖者毕业于美国大学,反映出美国大学世界一流的人才培养能力。以毕业生获诺贝尔科学奖人... 详细信息

着力造就拔尖创新人才,建成教育强国是党的二十大提出的重要任务。以诺贝尔科学奖获得者作为拔尖创新人才的代表观察世界教育强国,二战后一半的获奖者毕业于美国大学,反映出美国大学世界一流的人才培养能力。以毕业生获诺贝尔科学奖人次最高的2.所大学为观察对象,美国大学在三百多年发展历程中吸收英国大学自由教育和德国大学科学研究的传统,回应时代发展的重大需求,形成了投资未来而非奖励过去、注重非认知能力和全面心智发展等拔尖创新人才培养的特点。参考美国大学本土化改革、升级以及拔尖创新人才培养的经验,有助于建立起中国式现代化下的世界一流大学新版本和中国特色现代大学模式,有助于培养出具有世界水平的拔尖创新人才,达成教育强国建设目标。

关键词：拔尖创新人才培养美国高等教育非认知能力批判性思维创造性思维

Promoting Government Supervision and Optimizing Government Service Innovation

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学术界 2017年第11期 278-285页

作者： Yuan weihai Anhui Administration Institute

Decentralization and strengthening supervision are the two wings of the reform of administrative examination and approval system. At present, in the supervision process of Chinese government, the phenomenon of strict approval and slack supervision still exists in some local governments. And the dynamic supervision mechanism and supervision restriction mechanism of some local governments are still not perfect. These problems directly lead to"regulatory vacuum"and service absence and other circumstances. The existence of these circumstances will block the process of China's administrative examination and approval system reform. As a result to explore how to promote government supervision innovation and optimize government services is the first important thing, and then to create conditions for the rapid, stable and orderly progress of the administrative examination,what's more to approval system *** on this thesis, the author realizes legal supervision, implement informatization *** not only has increased normalized supervision, improve the administrative examination and approval all-round supervision mechanism, but also established the third party assessment normalization mechanism, and optimize the administrative examination and approval policy advocacy mechanism as well.

关键词： decentralization administrative examination and approval supervision innovation service optimization

Phenomic Studies on Diseases:Potential and Challenges

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Phenomics 2023年第3期3卷 285-299页

作者： weihai Ying Med‑X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University1954 Huashan RoadShanghai 200030China Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development Shanghai 200043China

The rapid development of such research field as multi-omics and artificial intelligence(AI)has made it possible to acquire and analyze the multi-dimensional big data of human *** evidence has indicated that phenomics can pro-vide a revolutionary strategy and approach for discovering new risk factors,diagnostic biomarkers and precision therapies of diseases,which holds profound advantages over conventional approaches for realizing precision medicine:first,the big data of patients'phenomes can provide remarkably richer information than that of the genomes;second,phenomic studies on diseases may expose the correlations among cross-scale and multi-dimensional phenomic parameters as well as the mecha-nisms underlying the correlations;and third,phenomics-based studies are big data-driven studies,which can significantly enhance the possibility and efficiency for generating novel ***,phenomic studies on human diseases are still in early developmental stage,which are facing multiple major challenges and tasks:first,there is significant deficiency in analytical and modeling approaches for analyzing the multi-dimensional data of human phenomes;second,it is crucial to establish universal standards for acquirement and management of phenomic data of patients;third,new methods and devices for acquirement of phenomic data of patients under clinical settings should be developed;fourth,it is of significance to establish the regulatory and ethical guidelines for phenomic studies on diseases;and fifth,it is important to develop effective international *** is expected that phenomic studies on diseases would profoundly and comprehensively enhance our capacity in prevention,diagnosis and treatment of diseases.

关键词： Phenomics Diseases Big data Precision medicine Diagnosis

State and Output Feedback Finite-time Guaranteed Cost Control of Linear It Stochastic Systems

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Journal of Systems Science & Complexity 2015年第4期28卷 813-829页

作者： YAN Zhiguo ZHANG Guoshan WANG Jiankui ZHANG weihai School of Electrical Engineering and Automation Qilu University of Technology School of Electrical Engineering and Automation Tianjin University College of Electrical Engineering and Automation Shandong University of Science and Technology

The problem of guaranteed cost control based on finite-time stability for stochastic system is first investigated in this *** motivation of solving this problem arises from an observation that finite/infinite-horizon guaranteed cost control does not consider the transient performance of the closed-loop system,but guaranteed cost control based on finite-time stability involves this practical *** order to explain this problem explicitly,a concept of the stochastic finite-time guaranteed cost control is introduced,and then some new sufficient conditions for the existence of state and output feedback finite-time guaranteed cost controllers are derived,which guarantee finite-time stochastic stability of closed-loop systems and an upper bound of a quadratic cost ***,this problem is reduced to a convex optimization problem with matrix inequality constraints and a new solving algorithm is ***,an example is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

关键词： Finite-time stability guaranteed cost control matrix inequalities stochastic systems.

澳洲坚果叶片黄化期间光合能量代谢相关基因的表达研究

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热带作物学报 2024年第6期45卷 1110-1119页

作者：杨为海郭善祥徐婷肖逸雷文君宜春学院生命科学与资源环境学院江西宜春336000

叶片光合作用是维持植物生命活动的能量来源,但在华南地区一些澳洲坚果品种的新梢叶片通常在夏季持续高温条件下发生黄化,严重影响了植株生长和果实生产。为了探究澳洲坚果黄化叶片的光合能量发生机制,本研究基于前期获得的HAES344澳洲... 详细信息

叶片光合作用是维持植物生命活动的能量来源,但在华南地区一些澳洲坚果品种的新梢叶片通常在夏季持续高温条件下发生黄化,严重影响了植株生长和果实生产。为了探究澳洲坚果黄化叶片的光合能量发生机制,本研究基于前期获得的HAES344澳洲坚果不同黄化时期叶片转录组测序数据,鉴定与筛选光合能量代谢相关基因,并通过qRT-PCR分析光合能量代谢中的关键基因在HAES344澳洲坚果叶片黄化过程中的表达变化。结果表明:通过KEGG功能注释和富集分析,在HAES344澳洲坚果叶片黄化期间共鉴定出96个差异表达基因与能量代谢相关,以氧化磷酸化路径富集的差异基因数量最多,其次是碳固定路径,而富集到天线蛋白的差异基因最少;经过筛选(RPKM>0.5),共获得43个基因与光合能量代谢相关,其中有2.个基因的表达量在黄化叶片中明显降低,另有16个基因的表达量变化则相反。利用qRT-PCR分析光合能量代谢中重要功能基因的相对表达量发现,在HAES344澳洲坚果黄化叶片中有关光系统Ⅱ(PSⅡ)天线蛋白编码基因CAP10A、ATP合酶亚基蛋白编码基因(ATPC、ATPF)、碳同化酶基因(GAPA、GPD、At4g2.52.rbcL)、硫氧还蛋白编码基因(Os05g02.0100、CXXS1)及质体蛋白跨膜转运基因TIC32.转录水平均显著低于其正常叶片,而有关硫代谢基因(SIR、APR3)和环式电子传递介导基因(PGR5、ndhB、ndhD)的相对表达量则显著高于其正常叶片,表明澳洲坚果黄化叶片中光合能量代谢相关基因的表达模式发生了较大改变,进而影响了光合能量的产生。该研究结果为深入探讨光合能量代谢相关基因在澳洲坚果黄化叶片中的作用机制提供参考依据。

关键词：澳洲坚果叶片黄化光合作用能量代谢电子传递

A multi-dimensional microcanonical Monte Carlo study of S_0→T_1 intersystem crossing of isocyanic acid

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Science China Chemistry 2009年第11期52卷 1885-1891页

作者： ZHANG Feng1,2.FANG weihai1,LUO Yi2.& LIU RuoZhuang1 1 College of Chemistry,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China 2.Theoretical Chemistry,School of Biotechnology,Royal Institute of Technology,S-10691 Stockholm,Sweden 1. College of Chemistry Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China 2. Theoretical Chemistry School of Biotechnology Royal Institute of Technology S-10691 Stockholm Sweden

A general formula for the multi-dimensional Monte Carlo microcanonical nonadiabatic rate constant expressed in configuration space is applied to calculate the rate of intersystem crossing(ISC) between the ground(S0) and first excited triplet(T1) states for isocyanic ***-,two-and three-dimensional potential energy surfaces are constructed by coupled-cluster single-double CCSD calculations,which are used for Monte Carlo *** calculated S0→T1 ISC rate is in good agreement with experimental findings,which gives us a reason to believe that the multi-dimensional Monte Carlo microcanonical nonadiabatic rate theory is a very effective method for calculating nonadiabatic transition rate of a polyatomic molecule.

关键词： multi-dimensional Monte Carlo microcanonical nonadiabatic rate theory intersystem crossing isocyanic acid nonadiabatic transition

Salient object detection via region contrast and graph regularization

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2016年第3期59卷 46-59页

作者： Xingming WU Mengnan DU weihai CHEN Jianhua WANG School of Automation Science and Electrical Engineering Beihang University

Detection of salient objects in an image is now gaining increasing research interest in computer vision community. In this study, a novel region-contrast based saliency detection solution involving three phases is proposed. First, a color-based super-pixels segmentation approach is used to decompose the image into regions. Second, three high-level saliency measures which could effectively characterize the salient regions are evaluated and integrated in an effective manner to produce the initial saliency map. Finally, we construct a pairwise graphical model to encourage that adjacent image regions with similar features take continuous saliency values, thus producing the more perceptually consistent saliency map. We extensively evaluate the proposed method on three public benchmark datasets, and show it can produce promising results when compared to 14state-of-the-art salient object detection approaches.

关键词： salient object detection region contrast region compactness global distinctness graph regular ization

Public Policy Supply for Successful Practice of the Xin’anjiang River Ecological Compensation Mechanism

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学术界 2020年第1期 228-235页

作者： Lu Weiling Yuan weihai Anhui Institute of Economic Management

The ecological protection of the inter-provincial river basin of Xin’anjiang River takes the ecological compensation mechanism as the starting point and achieves good *** success of the mechanism is best reflected in its innovation of public policy supply,which is not only a vivid practice of Xi Jinping’s ecological civilization thought in the new era,but also establishes a model for absorption,transformation and export of policy *** effective supply of public policies on ecological environment is the realistic choice for the construction of ecological civilization in the new era.

关键词： ecological civilization Xin’anjiang River ecological compensation mechanism public policy supply

西门子SIMADYND交-交变频主传动系统深度保养技术介绍

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变频器世界 2024年第7期27卷 112-115页

作者：安宏亮孔伟海陈帅日照钢铁有限公司

变频器的维护与保养是确保其正常运行和延长使用寿命的重要环节。通过检查变频器的外部环境、电源及电气连接、散热器和风扇的清洁、绝缘性能的检查以及软件和固件的更新升级等,我们可以有效地管理和保养变频器,提高其可靠性和稳定性。

关键词： SIMADYND机箱晶闸管功率组件脉冲测试