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Virtual network embedding for hybrid cloud rendering in optical and data center networks

Science China(Information Sciences) 2016年第2期59卷 139-152页

作者： weigang hou Lei GUO School of Computer Science and Engineering Northeastern University State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications

Animation rendering consumes massive computation time, therefore cloud rendering is emerging as a solution. Cloud rendering runs over the Data Center Network(DCN) and consolidates heterogeneous DC resources into a single cloud renderfarm, where plentiful computing resources can sufficiently accelerate any rendering process. And if one user wants to get a quick animation result, a high-speed optical interconnection is an urgent requirement, thus cloud rendering needs a convergence of Optical and DCN(ODCN) as the substrate network. In the ODCN supporting cloud rendering, each rendering task will be successfully handled only when we embed its virtual network into the cloud renderfarm. But because a virtual network includes virtual machines and virtual lightpaths, we must simultaneously perform the node-level mapping between virtual machine and server, as well as link-level mapping between virtual lightpath and fiber link(s). In addition, the joint implementation of the Photorealistic cloud Rendering(PR) and Non-Photorealistic cloud Rendering(NPR) should be considered to exhibit the unique animation effect with the low mapping cost. In this paper, considering the unique characteristic of hybrid cloud rendering, we flexibly select routing strategies according to the rendering task type. We then utilize server consolidation and traffic grooming to achieve node- and link-level mappings,respectively, thus building a mapping-cost-aware cloud renderfarm that includes multiple virtual networks. The mathematical formulation is also made with a bound analysis. Especially for the lower bound, we analyze the least number of servers and wavelengths(i.e., mapping cost) consumed by hybrid cloud rendering. In terms of heuristics, according to the processing order of rendering tasks, Smaller Virtual Resource First(SVRF) and Manycast Routing First(MRF) algorithms are proposed by us. In SVRF, NPR tasks are first tackled and then PR tasks follow. MRF is a reverse process of SVRF. The simu

关键词： hybrid cloud rendering optical and data center network virtual network embedding mapping cost lower bound

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Designs of low insertion loss optical router and reliable routing for 3D optical network-on-chip

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2016年第10期59卷 33-49页

作者： Pengxing GUO weigang hou Lei GUO School of Computer Science and Engineering Northeastern University

Three-Dimensional Optical Network-on-Chip(3D ONoC) has recently emerged as a high-performance on-chip communication solution; however, owing to the intrinsic characteristics of photonic devices in existing 3D ONoC, the insertion loss caused by undesirable coupling among optical signals degrades network performance. Considering manufacturing defects and unpredictable noise sources that cause the failure of Optical Routers(ORs) in 3D ONoC, previous work simply abandoned the disabled OR when computing the restore *** this paper, we propose a new OR structure that reduces insertion loss, and we present the design of a novel adaptive routing algorithm, FTRA-BL, based on the new OR structure with bidirectional waveguides, without abandoning any disabled ORs. Our FTRA-BL selects the normal waveguide in the disabled OR as the backup link so that the best macroscopic restore path can be guaranteed. Simulation results show that our method performs better than previous work in improving transmission reliability and latency.

关键词： 3D ONoC low insertion loss reliable routing bidirectional waveguide low latency

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Designs of 3D Mesh and Torus Optical Network-on-Chips:Topology,Optical Router and Routing Module

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China Communications 2017年第5期14卷 17-29页

作者： Lei Guo weigang hou Pengxing Guo Key Laboratory of Medical Image Computing of Northeastern University Ministry of EducationShenyang 110819China School of Computer Science and Engineering Northeastern UniversityShenyang 110819China

As a nanometer-level interconnection,the Optical Network-on-Chip(ONoC)was proposed since it was typically characterized by low latency,high bandwidth and power efficiency. Compared with a 2-Dimensional(2D)design,the 3D integration has the higher packing density and the shorter wire length. Therefore,the 3D ONoC will have the great potential in the future. In this paper,we first discuss the existing ONoC researches,and then design mesh and torus ONoCs from the perspectives of topology,router,and routing module,with the help of 3D integration. A simulation platform is established by using OPNET to compare the performance of 2D and 3D ONoCs in terms of average delay and packet loss rate. The performance comparison between 3D mesh and 3D torus ONoCs is also conducted. The simulation results demonstrate that 3D integration has the advantage of reducing average delay and packet loss rate,and 3D torus ONoC has the better performance compared with 3D mesh solution. Finally,we summarize some future challenges with possible solutions,including microcosmic routing inside optical routers and highly-efficient traffic grooming.

关键词： Optical Network-on-Chip topology and optical router routing module

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Virtual network embedding for power savings of servers and switches in elastic data center networks

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Science China Earth Sciences 2016年第12期59卷 97-110页

作者： weigang hou Cunqian YU Lei GUO Xuetao WEI School of Computer Science and Engineering Northeastern University School of Information Technology University of Cincinnati

Currently, the elastic interconnection has realized the high-rate data transmission among data centers(DCs). Thus, the elastic data center network(EDCN) emerged. In EDCNs, it is essential to achieve the virtual network(VN) embedding, which includes two main components: VM(virtual machine) mapping and VL(virtual link) mapping. In VM mapping, we allocate appropriate servers to hold VMs. While for VL mapping,an optimal substrate path is determined for each virtual lightpath. For the VN embedding in EDCNs, the power efficiency is a significant concern, and some solutions were proposed through sleeping light-duty ***, the increasing communication traffic between VMs leads to a serious energy dissipation problem, since it also consumes a great amount of energy on switches even utilizing the energy-efficient optical transmission technique. In this paper, considering load balancing and power-efficient VN embedding, we formulate the problem and design a novel heuristic for EDCNs, with the objective to achieve the power savings of servers and switches. In our solution, VMs are mapped into a single DC or multiple DCs with the short distance between each other, and the servers in the same cluster or adjacent clusters are preferred to hold VMs. Such that, a large amount of servers and switches will become vacant and can go into sleep mode. Simulation results demonstrate that our method performs well in terms of power savings and load balancing. Compared with benchmarks, the improvement ratio of power efficiency is 5%–13%.

关键词： elastic data center network green virtual network embedding integrated optimization load balancing power efficiency

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Virtual 5G Network Embedding in a Heterogeneous and Multi-Domain Network Infrastructure

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China Communications 2016年第10期13卷 29-43页

作者： Cunqian Yu weigang hou Yingying Guan Yue Zong Pengxing Guo School of Computer Science and Engineering Northeastern University

The pursuit of the higher performance mobile communications forces the emergence of the fifth generation mobile communication(5G). 5G network, integrating wireless and wired domain, can be qualified for the complex virtual network work oriented to the cross-domain requirement. In this paper, we focus on the multi-domain virtual network embedding in a heterogeneous 5G network infrastructure, which facilitates the resource sharing for diverse-function demands from fixed/mobile end users. We proposed the mathematical ILP model for this *** based on the layered-substrate-resource auxiliary graph and an effective six-quadrant service-type-judgment method, 5G embedding demands can be classified accurately to match different user access densities. A collection of novel heuristic algorithms of virtual 5G network embedding are proposed. A great deal of numerical simulation results testified that our algorithm performed better in terms of average blocking rate, routing latency and wireless/wired resource utilization, compared with the benchmark.

关键词： 5G virtual network embedding heterogeneous and multi-domain infrastructure wireless channel capacity data center

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Design of dual-core connected mesh topology and fine-grained fault-tolerant mechanism for 3D optical network-on-chip

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2023年第11期66卷 273-287页

作者： Pengxing GUO Xiangyu HE Yufei YANG Kun LIU Sijing YU weigang hou Lei GUO School of Communications and Information Engineering Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications Institute of Intelligent Communication and Network Security Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications

This paper proposes a fault-tolerant mechanism including a reliable three-dimensional(3D)topology structure named 3D DCMesh(3D dual-core connected mesh) and a fault-tolerant routing algorithm for 3D optical network-on-chip(3D ONoC). In 3D DCMesh, each intellectual property(IP) core connects two optical routers(ORs) with perpendicular physical locations. Thus, every IP core has an additional path selection to play a certain role in redundant protection since it breaks the traditional thinking that each IP core connects only one OR. On the other hand, the previous fault-tolerant algorithm rudely treats the faulty ORs as invalid, resulting in low utilization of resources inside ORs. Hence, this paper proposes a fine-grained fault-tolerant algorithm based on microring resonator faults(FTM-MR), where some ORs along the transmission path can still work normally even if their internal MRs lose efficiency. The simulation results show that the solution in this study outperforms the previous related work by 10.86%–19.97%, 6.75%–8.83%, and13.08%–18.8% for average insertion loss, crosstalk noise, and signal-to-noise ratio(SNR), respectively, under different topology sizes without OR-fault. It can improve the insertion loss performance, crosstalk noise, and the SNR by a maximum of 67.41%, 14.2%, and 187.63%, respectively, when the node failure rates are in the range of 50%.

关键词： 3D ONoC 3D DCMesh topology microring resonator faults fine-grained fault-tolerant routing

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云数据中心网络中的先应式碎片整理算法

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数据采集与处理 2015年第3期30卷 519-527页

作者：郭磊侯维刚东北大学信息科学与工程学院沈阳110819

在云数据中心网络内,虚拟机(Virtual machine,VM)被动态创建和下线,这就导致资源碎片不被后续VM请求所利用。为解决上述问题,以最小化使用服务器数量为目标的服务器整合技术被提出。虽然这种方法可以在某一时间段内减少资源碎片,但却付... 详细信息

在云数据中心网络内,虚拟机(Virtual machine,VM)被动态创建和下线,这就导致资源碎片不被后续VM请求所利用。为解决上述问题,以最小化使用服务器数量为目标的服务器整合技术被提出。虽然这种方法可以在某一时间段内减少资源碎片,但却付出了较大的VM迁移代价。因此本文提出了一种基于预测的先应式碎片整理算法,在减少无效VM迁移的同时,将资源碎片重新整合为可用的连续资源,从而最大化VM收益。文中对此问题进行了数学定义,随后设计了启发式方法获取近似最优解。仿真结果表明,所提算法能够获取最大收益,并能够大幅度降低VM迁移成本。

关键词：云数据中心网络虚拟机迁移资源碎片整理

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认知心理视角下印度莫迪政府对华政策议程的演变逻辑

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南亚研究 2022年第2期 41-62,157,158页

作者：候为刚中国人民大学国际关系学院

本文基于微观认知心理机制、来解释国家对外政策议程为何时而凸显合作、时而转向竞争的演变逻辑。考察莫迪政府对华政策的演变历程可发现,为保持与自身愿望一致,莫迪政府会通过诱发定势、历史类比这类锚定效应,以及愿望思维、独立型自... 详细信息

本文基于微观认知心理机制、来解释国家对外政策议程为何时而凸显合作、时而转向竞争的演变逻辑。考察莫迪政府对华政策的演变历程可发现,为保持与自身愿望一致,莫迪政府会通过诱发定势、历史类比这类锚定效应,以及愿望思维、独立型自我图式这类机制来识别中方意图及判断自身面临的处境,并据此设置对华政策,这表明战略自主性是调整莫迪政府对华政策的重要动力。在不完全信息背景下,导向需求成为莫迪政府对华政策趋于强硬的一项重要心理机制。在固有认知局限的影响下,莫迪政府对华政策议程总体上表现出竞争中有限合作的特征。最后,文章尝试对未来如何管控双方分歧提供认知心理学层面的启示。

关键词：莫迪政府对华政策议程锚定效应战略自主性认知局限

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媒体使用与公众安全感研究

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情报杂志 2022年第5期41卷 78-85,98页

作者：候为刚中国人民大学国际关系学院北京100872

[研究目的]通过官媒和自媒体两种媒介类型,揭示新媒体环境下公众的安全感知现状,为近期国家出台整治不良媒介平台的政策实践提供理论阐释。[研究方法]基于2019年大学生社会心态调查数据,对媒体使用影响受众主观安全感知的作用机理进行... 详细信息

[研究目的]通过官媒和自媒体两种媒介类型,揭示新媒体环境下公众的安全感知现状,为近期国家出台整治不良媒介平台的政策实践提供理论阐释。[研究方法]基于2019年大学生社会心态调查数据,对媒体使用影响受众主观安全感知的作用机理进行了考察。[研究结论]研究发现,与不浏览官媒信息的大学生网民相比,浏览官媒信息的大学生网民的安全感更强;而接触微信等自媒体信息的大学生网民的安全感比不接触这类媒介信息的大学生网民群体更低。这可能是因为微信渠道信息来源更加多元、异质,而官媒信息来源相对单一且内容多为正面的意识形态宣传。另外,公众的社会满意度调节了接触自媒信息与安全感知因果关系的强弱,而社会满意度与接触官媒信息之间并不存在显著的交互效应。

关键词：安全感知媒体使用官媒信息自媒体信息社会满意度

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媒体框架效应中的民众国家安全观——以经贸安全为议题的实验研究

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当代亚太 2022年第4期 76-98,166-167页

作者：候为刚中国人民大学国际关系学院

为考察在信息海量增长的新媒体环境下,民众对涉及国家安全事务的认知与态度的现状及成因,文章以中美经贸摩擦这一重要的经贸安全事务为议题材料,通过实验室实验研究法,来探讨不同属性的媒体框架如何影响中国民众对经贸安全的认知与应对... 详细信息

为考察在信息海量增长的新媒体环境下,民众对涉及国家安全事务的认知与态度的现状及成因,文章以中美经贸摩擦这一重要的经贸安全事务为议题材料,通过实验室实验研究法,来探讨不同属性的媒体框架如何影响中国民众对经贸安全的认知与应对态度,并运用追踪调查法来揭示这种影响是否具有明显的时间持续性。根据亲中—亲美基本立场的差异,文章设计出亲中、亲美、竞争以及自由讨论四项基本的媒体框架类型。研究发现,亲中框架、竞争框架与讨论框架对被试经贸安全观的作用都是单一维度的,即只在态度主张或认知维度上产生了显著的影响。被试在认知和态度两个维度上均未受即时的亲美框架信息的刺激。这表明,在长期受爱国主义教育过程中,人们的安全认知模式和态度较为稳定,并适应于同质化的舆论信息环境。文章试图综合媒体监管等结构性动因与微观认知心理机制,来解释上述差异现象。最后,就未来如何理解国际竞争格局中一国的国家安全战略,以及如何对全民展开国家安全教育实践做进一步探讨。

关键词：媒体框架经贸安全观认知维度态度维度实验研究

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