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In-situ experiments reveal mineralization details of porphyry copper deposits

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2022年第1期40卷 110-112页

作者： Weidong Sun Xiuqi SHANG Center of Deep Sea Research Institute of OceanologyCenter for Ocean Mega-ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesQingdao 266071China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Laboratory for Marine Geology Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology(Qingdao)Qingdao 266237China

In-situ hydrothermal experiments using diamond-anvil cell show that sulfate and sulfi de are the dominant sulfur species under P-T conditions similar to those of porphyry magmas.No sulfi te was identifi ed using in-situ Raman spectrometer.This supports that porphyry copper mineralization is controlled by sulfate reduction,rather than sulfi te disproportionation.

关键词： diamond cell sulfate sulfi de porphyry deposits magnetite crisis

Preface:Pacific Plate Subduction and the Yanshanian Movement in Eastern China

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Journal of Earth Science 2022年第3期33卷 541-543页

作者： Weidong Sun Lipeng Zhang Center of Deep Sea Research Institute of OceanologyCenter for Ocean Mega-ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesQingdao 266071China Laboratory for Marine Mineral Resources Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology(Qingdao)Qingdao 266237China School of Marine Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

The global tectonic regime underwent a major transition in the Mesozoic. Large-scale magmatic activities and mineralization occurred in China during this stage, known as the Yanshanian Movement, which is an important tectonic event that formed the present-day tectonic framework and topography of eastern China. It consists of two compressions and three extensions (Dong et al., 2018;Meng, 2017).

关键词： China tectonic Eastern

The Rotation of the Pacific Plate Induced by the Ontong Java Large Igneous Province

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Journal of Earth Science 2022年第3期33卷 544-551页

作者： Weidong Sun Lipeng Zhang Xi Liu Center of Deep Sea Research Institute of OceanologyCenter for Ocean Mega-ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesQingdao 266071China Laboratory for Marine Mineral Resources Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology(Qingdao)Qingdao 266237China School of Marine Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

The eruption of large igneous provinces usually has major geodynamic in fluence sonoverriding plates.Seamount chains indicate that the drifting direction of the Pacific Plate changed by~80°in the Early Cretaceous when the Ontong Java Plateau formed.This,however,is not fully consistent with the magnetic anomalies.Here we show that there is an angle of~25°between the magnetic anomaly lines M_(0)and 34 of both the Japanese and the Hawaiian lineations,suggesting that the orientations of both spreading ridges changed by roughly the same angle towards the same direction.The configurations of the Shatsky Rise,the Papanin Ridge and the Osbourn Trough suggest that the eruption of the Ontong Java plume head uplifted the southeastern corner of the Pacific Plate,and pushed its east part northward by~700 km within 2 Ma.Meanwhile,the west part of the Pacific Plate was subducting southwestward underneath the eastern Asian Continent.These two forces together rotated the Pacific Plate anticlockwisely by ca 50°.Consequently,the drifting direction of the Pacific Plate also changed from southwestward to northwestward,which plausibly explains the ca 80°bending of the Shatsky Rise and the Papanin Ridge.The ridge between the Pacific and the Izanagi/Kula plates was pointed towards the~300°orientation,whereas the Pacific Plate was subducting towards the~250°orientation before~125 Ma,and towards~280°afterward.

关键词： Pacific Plate Ontong Java Plateau rotation magnetic anomalies Shatsky Rise geodynamics

Initiation and evolution of the South China Sea: an overview

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Acta Geochimica 2016年第3期35卷 215-225页

作者： Weidong Sun CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences CAS Key Laboratory of Mineralogy and Metallogeny Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences

Different models have been proposed for the formation and tectonic evolution of the South China Sea(SCS), including extrusion of the Indochina Peninsula,backarc extension, two-stage opening, proto-SCS dragging,extension induced by a mantle plume, and integrated models that combine diverse factors. Among these, the extrusion model has gained the most attention. Based on simpli?ed physical experiments, this model proposes that collision between the Indian and Eurasian Plates resulted in extrusion of the Indochina Peninsula, which in turn led to opening of the SCS. The extrusion of the Indochina Peninsula, however, should have led to preferential opening in the west side of the SCS, which is contrary to observations. Extensional models propose that the SCS was a backarc basin, rifted off the South China Block. Most of the backarc extension models, however, are not compatible with observations in terms of either age or subduction direction. The two-stage extension model is based on extensional basins surrounding the SCS. Recent dating results indeed show two-stage opening in the SCS, but the Southwest Subbasin of the SCS is much younger, which contradicts the two-stage extension model. Here we propose a re?ned backarc extension model. There was a wide Neotethys Ocean between the Australian and Eurasian Plates before the Indian-Eurasian collision. The ocean ?oor started to subduct northward at *125 Ma, causing backarc extension along the southern margin of the Eurasian Plate and the formation of the proto-SCS. The Neotethys subduction regime changed due to ridge subduction in the Late Cretaceous, resulting in fold-belts, uplifting, erosion, and widespread unconformities. It may also have led to the subduction of the proto-SCS. Flat subduction of the ridge may have reached further north and resulted in another backarc extension that formed the SCS. The rollback of the?at subducting slab might have occurred *90 Ma ago; the second backarc extension may have initiated between 50 and 45 Ma. The opening of the Southwest Sub

关键词： South China Sea Neotethys Plate subduction Ridge subduction Indochina Peninsula extrusion Backarc extension Multiple plate interactions Proto-South China Sea

The Magma Engine and subduction initiation

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Acta Geochimica 2019年第5期38卷 611-612页

作者： Weidong Sun Center of Deep Sea Research Institute of OceanographyCenter for Ocean Mega-Science Chinese Academy of Sciences Laboratory for Marine Mineral Resources Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology

The plate tectonics theory is a milestone in solid Earth sciences.However,50 years after the theory has been proposed,the driving force behind plate drifts is still controversial(sun 2016).Slab pull has been accepted as the dominant driving force of plate tectonics for a long time(Forsyth and Uyeda 1975).A major challenge of this model is how plate subduction was initiated in the first place(Arculus et al.2015,2019;Li et al.2019;Niu 2016;Niu et al.2003;O'Connor et al.2015;sun 2016,2017;Zhou et al.2018).

关键词： Magma Engine subduction initiation

Late Ordovician mass extinction caused by global warming or cooling?

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Acta Geochimica 2020年第5期39卷 595-598页

作者： Renqiang Liao Weidong Sun Institute of Oceanology Center for Ocean Mega-ScienceCenter of Deep Sea ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesQingdao 266071China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Laboratory for Marine Mineral Resources Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and TechnologyQingdao 266237China

The Late Ordovician mass extinction(LOME)was the first global extinction with the destruction of 85%of marine species.However,the cause of LOME is still controversial.Most studies attribute it to large-scale volcanism caused by global cooling or warming.Through analyzing the driving difference between global cooling and warming on large-scale magmatism,the perspective is intended to evoke a hot discussion on the cause of LOME.Did global cooling or warming trigger the LOME?

关键词： Late Ordovician Mass extinction Volcanism Glaciation

Detrital zircon U-Pb age perspective on the sediment provenance and its geological significance of sandstones in the Lamandau region, SW Borneo, Indonesia

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2022年第2期40卷 496-514页

作者： Shuang LI Saijun sun Xiaoyong YANG Weidong Sun Zhaojian WU Guangxi Key Laboratory of Hidden Metallic Ore Deposits Exploration College of Earth SciencesGuilin University of TechnologyGuilin 541004China Center of Deep Sea Research Institute of OceanologyCenter for Ocean Mega-ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesQingdao 266071China Laboratory for Marine Geology Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology(Qingdao)Qingdao 266237China CAS Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and Environments School of Earth and Space SciencesUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China China Coal Geology Group Limited Beijing 100040China

The Southwest Borneo(SW Borneo)block belongs to sundaland and is the oldest continental fragment of Borneo that is believed to derive from the Gondwana land.The U-Pb isotopic dating ages of 113 detrital zircons from sandstones of the Ketapang Complex in SW Borneo range from 3298 Ma to 78 Ma,and show six major age populations:2476-2344 Ma,2016-1831 Ma,1296-759 Ma,455-406 Ma,262-210 Ma,and 187-78 Ma.The youngest age of these detrital zircons is 78 Ma,indicating that the maximum depositional age of the sandstones is Campanian.Permian-Late Cretaceous detrital zircons are interpreted as having been derived from the nearby Schwaner Mountains and the Permian-Triassic tin belt granitoids in Southeast Asia(SE Asia).Archean-Carboniferous detrital zircons have a continental Gondwana provenance,with their age spectra similar to those of northwestern Australia,indicating that these zircons could be derived from the orogenic belts and cratons in northwestern and central Australia.The provenance of these detrital zircons in this study indicates the SW Borneo block was located on the northwestern margin of Australia during the Paleozoic,in the region of the Banda Embayment.SW Borneo rifted from Australia and moved northward in the Early Jurassic,and this block was added to sundaland in the Early Cretaceous.The Luconia-Dangerous Grounds continental fragment derived from East Asia collided with SW Borneo after subduction in the Cretaceous,which induced the widespread magmatism in the Schwaner Mountains in SW Borneo.

关键词： detrital zircon U-Pb dating provenance Southwest Borneo(SW Borneo) sundaland

The formation of explosive volcanos at the circum-Pacific convergent margin during the last century

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2023年第1期41卷 75-83页

作者： Fanfan TIAN Kun WANG Guozhi XIE Weidong Sun Center of Deep Sea Research Center of Ocean Mega ScienceInstitute of OceanologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdao 266071China Deep-Sea Multidisciplinary Research Center Laoshan LaboratoryQingdao 266237China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

The circum-Pacific convergent margin is known as"the Ring of Fire",with abundant volcano eruptions.Large eruptions are rare but very disastrous.It remains obscure how are large explosive volcanos formed and where are the danger zones.Three largest eruptions since 1900,the Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai,the Mt.Pinatubo,and the Novarupta were found to be associated with subductions of volatile-rich sediments and located close to slab windows.Among them,the Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai is close to subducting seamount chains;the Mt.Pinatubo is right next to subducting fossil ridges.Both seamount chains and fossil ridges have water depths much shallower than the carbonate compensation depths(CCD)in the Pacific Ocean.Seismic image shows that a seamount is subducting towards the Novarupta volcano.Subduction of volatile-rich sediments and a slab window nearby are the two most important favorable conditions for catastrophic eruptions.Slab windows expose the mantle wedge to the hot asthenosphere,which increases the temperature and dramatically promotes the partial melting of the carbonate-fluxed domains,forming volatile-rich magmas that powered explosive eruptions.

关键词： large explosive volcanos subducting seamount chains volatile-rich sediments slab windows Tonga

Experimental constraints on trace element partitioning between coesite and hydrous silicate melt at 5 GPa and 1500-1750℃

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Science China Earth Sciences 2021年第7期64卷 1171-1183页

作者： Wei YAN Xi LIU Saijun sun Weidong Sun Dan WU Key Laboratory of Orogenic Belts and Crustal Evolution Ministry of Education of ChinaBeijing 100871China School of Earth and Space Sciences Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China Center of Deep Sea Research Institute of OceanographyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdao 266071China Key Laboratory of Mineralogy and Metallogeny Guangzhou Institute of GeochemistryChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 510640China

Trace element partitioning between coesite and hydrous silicate melt has been investigated at 5 GPa and 1500-1750℃.High-P experiments successfully produced large coesite crystals in equilibrium with large silicate melt pools(plus kyanite and corundum crystals in some cases).Scanning electron microscopy and micro-Raman spectroscopy were employed to characterize the phases and the textures.Wavelength-dispersive electron microprobe analyses were performed to quantify conventional major elements,and laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry analyses were successfully conducted to quantify trace elements.Eventually,high-P partition coefficients were obtained for 33 elements.In general coesite is a very pure phase.With a few possible exceptions like Sc,Ti,and V,nearly all other trace elements are incompatible in coesite.Moreover,the partitioning behaviors of nearly all trace elements except some 4+cations cannot be readily described by the lattice strain model,presumably implying a minor role for the cation size in the trace-element partitioning.Combining our experimental results with the results in the literature,some T and P effects on the element partitioning behavior have been observed:T seemingly has different effects on different trace elements,but P might negatively correlate with the partition coefficients in all cases.Due to its large modal fraction in some subducted materials such as the continental crustal material,coesite might play an important role in the distributions of some trace elements,Ti for example.

关键词： Partition coefficients High-P experiments LA-ICP-MS Coesite Hydrous silicate melt Temperature and pressure dependence