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New perspectives on deep carbon cycling

Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第8期67卷 2411-2422页

作者： weidong sun Center of Deep Sea Research Key Laboratory of Ocean Observation and ForecastingInstitute of OceanologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdao 266071China Laoshan Laboratory Qingdao 266237China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

The proto-atmosphere serves as a crucial starting point for the carbon *** based on atmospheric data from Mars and Venus suggest that Earth's proto-atmosphere contained>110 bar of CO_(2)and>2.6 bar of *** protoatmosphere had over 1000 bar of water vapor during the magma ocean stage,assuming the proto-ocean had a volume of two oceans of *** this stage both water and carbon dioxide were in a supercritical state at the magma-atmosphere *** serpentinization reactions occurred due to rock-water interaction,producing abundant ***,nitrogen is reduced to ammonia,and carbon dioxide to methane,forming carbonate *** proto-atmosphere dominated by methane,ammonia,and hydrogen formed a significant amount of amino acids through *** process is essential not only to the origin of life,but also to the early carbon-nitrogen cycle on *** the Hadean eon,a large amount of CO_(2)was sequestered as carbonate and organic ***,it mainly entered the deep mantle through mantle overturn or *** the mantle transition zone,carbonate undergoes“Redox freezing”,where carbonate is reduced to diamond through oxidation of ferrous iron in the *** the lower mantle,Fe^(2+)undergoes disproportionation reactions,forming Fe^(3+)and metallic *** these,Fe^(3+)mainly resides in bridgmanite,thereby increasing the oxygen fugacity of the lower mantle,while metallic iron falls to the Earth's *** distribution of carbon in the mantle is crucial for deep carbon *** density curves of diamond and mantle peridotite melt intersect at the bottom of the mantle transition zone(about 660 km).This density crossover leads to the accumulation of diamond during the magma ocean *** materials such as subducting slabs enter the lower mantle,compensatory upwelling of lower mantle material *** enters the upper mantle,decomposes,releasing Fe^(3+)ions and oxidizes diamond

关键词： Carbon cycling Proto-atmosphere Amino acids Subduction initiation Passive margin subduction Atmospheric carbon dioxide

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The big mantle wedge and decratonic gold deposits

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Science China Earth Sciences 2021年第9期64卷 1451-1462页

作者： Rixiang ZHU weidong sun State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100029China Laboratory for Marine Mineral Resources Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology(Qingdao)Qingdao266237China Center of Deep Sea Research Institute of OceanologyCenter for Ocean Mega-ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesQingdao266071China School of Marine Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeing100049China

The Circum-Pacific subduction zone is a famous gold metallogenic domain in the world,with two important gold metallogenic provinces,the North China Craton and Nevada,which are related to the destruction of the North China Craton and the Wyoming Craton,*** ore-forming fluids were possibly derived from the stagnant slab in the mantle transition *** oceanic lithospheric mantle usually contains serpentine layers up to thousands of meters *** plate subduction,serpentine is dehydrated at depths of300 *** overlying big mantle wedge is hydrated during the breakdown of these hydrous facies in the mantle transition *** dehydration of the subducted slab in the big mantle wedge releases sulfur-rich fluid,which extracts gold and other chalcophile elements in the surrounding rocks,forming gold-rich *** the cratonic geotherm is lower than the water-saturated solidus line of lherzolite,the fluid cannot trigger partial ***,it induces metasomatism and forms pargasite and other water-bearing minerals when it migrates upward to depths of less than 100 km in the cratonic lithospheric mantle,resulting in a water-and gold-rich weak *** the destruction of craton,the weak layer is destabilized,releasing gold-bearing fluids that accelerate the *** ore-forming fluids migrate along the shallow weak zone and are accumulated at shallow depths,and subsequently escape along deep faults during major tectonic events,leading to explosive gold *** ore-forming fluids are rich in ferrous iron,which releases hydrogen at low pressure through iron ***,decratonic gold deposits are often reduced deposits.

关键词： Big mantle wedge Serpentine Pargasite Craton destruction Explosive gold mineralization Hydrogen

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Initiation and evolution of the South China Sea: an overview

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Acta Geochimica 2016年第3期35卷 215-225页

作者： weidong sun CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences CAS Key Laboratory of Mineralogy and Metallogeny Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences

Different models have been proposed for the formation and tectonic evolution of the South China Sea(SCS), including extrusion of the Indochina Peninsula,backarc extension, two-stage opening, proto-SCS dragging,extension induced by a mantle plume, and integrated models that combine diverse factors. Among these, the extrusion model has gained the most attention. Based on simpli?ed physical experiments, this model proposes that collision between the Indian and Eurasian Plates resulted in extrusion of the Indochina Peninsula, which in turn led to opening of the SCS. The extrusion of the Indochina Peninsula, however, should have led to preferential opening in the west side of the SCS, which is contrary to observations. Extensional models propose that the SCS was a backarc basin, rifted off the South China Block. Most of the backarc extension models, however, are not compatible with observations in terms of either age or subduction direction. The two-stage extension model is based on extensional basins surrounding the SCS. Recent dating results indeed show two-stage opening in the SCS, but the Southwest Subbasin of the SCS is much younger, which contradicts the two-stage extension model. Here we propose a re?ned backarc extension model. There was a wide Neotethys Ocean between the Australian and Eurasian Plates before the Indian-Eurasian collision. The ocean ?oor started to subduct northward at *125 Ma, causing backarc extension along the southern margin of the Eurasian Plate and the formation of the proto-SCS. The Neotethys subduction regime changed due to ridge subduction in the Late Cretaceous, resulting in fold-belts, uplifting, erosion, and widespread unconformities. It may also have led to the subduction of the proto-SCS. Flat subduction of the ridge may have reached further north and resulted in another backarc extension that formed the SCS. The rollback of the?at subducting slab might have occurred *90 Ma ago; the second backarc extension may have initiated betwee

关键词： South China Sea Neotethys Plate subduction Ridge subduction Indochina Peninsula extrusion Backarc extension Multiple plate interactions Proto-South China Sea

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The Magma Engine and subduction initiation

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Acta Geochimica 2019年第5期38卷 611-612页

作者： weidong sun Center of Deep Sea Research Institute of OceanographyCenter for Ocean Mega-Science Chinese Academy of Sciences Laboratory for Marine Mineral Resources Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology

The plate tectonics theory is a milestone in solid Earth ***,50 years after the theory has been proposed,the driving force behind plate drifts is still controversial(sun 2016).Slab pull has been accepted as the dominant driving force of plate tectonics for a long time(Forsyth and Uyeda 1975).A major challenge of this model is how plate subduction was initiated in the first place(Arculus et al.2015,2019;Li et al.2019;Niu 2016;Niu et al.2003;O'Connor et al.2015;sun 2016,2017;Zhou et al.2018).

关键词： Magma Engine subduction initiation

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Decratonic gold deposits: a new concept and new opportunities

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National Science Review 2015年第3期2卷 248-249页

作者： weidong sun Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences

Early Cretaceous gold deposits in the North China Craton and the famous Carlin-type gold deposits in Nevada are given the name‘decratonic gold deposits’[1].his is the irst new type of ore deposit proposed in the last 20 *** new type of deposit introduces a concept that may change perspectives and provide fresh opportunities for gold deposit research and *** are stable ancient crustal domains characterized by thick lithospheric mantle roots(>150 km),weak tectonism,and litle or no magmatic activity within their *** their sta-

关键词： rock a new concept and new opportunities Decratonic gold deposits

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Characterization of subduction initiation

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2023年第1期41卷 72-74页

作者： weidong sun Lipeng ZHANG Center of Deep Sea Research Institute of OceanologyCenter for Ocean Mega-ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesQingdao 266071China Deep-Sea Multidisciplinary Research Center Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology(Qingdao)Qingdao 266237China School of Marine Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeing 100049China

Compression is required for all kinds of subduction initiations,which may cause either subsidence or uplift,depending on the ages of the oceanic *** initiations associated with the old oceanic crust tend to amplify pr... 详细信息

关键词： subduction initiation induced and spontaneous west Pacific plate tectonics

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Late Ordovician mass extinction caused by global warming or cooling?

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Acta Geochimica 2020年第5期39卷 595-598页

作者： Renqiang Liao weidong sun Institute of Oceanology Center for Ocean Mega-ScienceCenter of Deep Sea ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesQingdao 266071China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Laboratory for Marine Mineral Resources Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and TechnologyQingdao 266237China

The Late Ordovician mass extinction(LOME)was the first global extinction with the destruction of 85%of marine ***,the cause of LOME is still *** studies attribute it to large-scale volcanism caused by global cooling or *** analyzing the driving difference between global cooling and warming on large-scale magmatism,the perspective is intended to evoke a hot discussion on the cause of *** global cooling or warming trigger the LOME?

关键词： Late Ordovician Mass extinction Volcanism Glaciation

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In-situ experiments reveal mineralization details of porphyry copper deposits

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2022年第1期40卷 110-112页

作者： weidong sun Xiuqi SHANG Center of Deep Sea Research Institute of OceanologyCenter for Ocean Mega-ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesQingdao 266071China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Laboratory for Marine Geology Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology(Qingdao)Qingdao 266237China

In-situ hydrothermal experiments using diamond-anvil cell show that sulfate and sulfi de are the dominant sulfur species under P-T conditions similar to those of porphyry *** sulfi te was identifi ed using in-situ Raman *** supports that porphyry copper mineralization is controlled by sulfate reduction,rather than sulfi te disproportionation.

关键词： diamond cell sulfate sulfi de porphyry deposits magnetite crisis

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Theoretical study of thiourea derivatives as chemosensors for fluoride and acetate anions

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Science China Chemistry 2012年第7期55卷 1428-1434页

作者： JIN RuiFa sun weidong College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Chifeng UniversityChifeng 024000China

The different interactions between a chemosensor, 1-（naphthalen-2-yl）-3-（6-nitrobenzothiazol-2-yl）-thiourea （1）, and F, acetate （AcO-）, Cl-, and Br- anions have been investigated theoretically at the B3LYP/6-31＋G（d,p） level with the basis set superposition error （BSSE） correction. It was found that the high selectivity of compound 1 for F- can be ascribed to the ability of the anion to deprotonate the N-H fragment of the host sensor, while the chemosensor also has a strong affinity for AcO- by virtue of the formation of a hydrogen-bonded complex. Intramolecular charge transfer （ICT） causes the colorimetric signaling of compound 1 after interaction with F-/AcO. A study of substituent effects suggested that the O/NH- and O/S-substituted derivatives are also expected to be promising candidates for chromogenic F3AcO chemosensors.

关键词： 1-(naphthalen-2-yl)-3-(6-nitrobenzothiazol-2-yl)-thiourea chemosensor BSSE (counterpoise) correction intramolecu-lar charge transfer (ICT) atoms in molecules (AIM)

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Experimental constraints on trace element partitioning between coesite and hydrous silicate melt at 5 GPa and 1500-1750℃

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Science China Earth Sciences 2021年第7期64卷 1171-1183页

作者： Wei YAN Xi LIU Saijun sun weidong sun Dan WU Key Laboratory of Orogenic Belts and Crustal Evolution Ministry of Education of ChinaBeijing 100871China School of Earth and Space Sciences Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China Center of Deep Sea Research Institute of OceanographyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdao 266071China Key Laboratory of Mineralogy and Metallogeny Guangzhou Institute of GeochemistryChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 510640China

Trace element partitioning between coesite and hydrous silicate melt has been investigated at 5 GPa and 1500-1750℃.High-P experiments successfully produced large coesite crystals in equilibrium with large silicate melt pools(plus kyanite and corundum crystals in some cases).Scanning electron microscopy and micro-Raman spectroscopy were employed to characterize the phases and the ***-dispersive electron microprobe analyses were performed to quantify conventional major elements,and laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry analyses were successfully conducted to quantify trace ***,high-P partition coefficients were obtained for 33 *** general coesite is a very pure *** a few possible exceptions like Sc,Ti,and V,nearly all other trace elements are incompatible in ***,the partitioning behaviors of nearly all trace elements except some 4+cations cannot be readily described by the lattice strain model,presumably implying a minor role for the cation size in the trace-element *** our experimental results with the results in the literature,some T and P effects on the element partitioning behavior have been observed:T seemingly has different effects on different trace elements,but P might negatively correlate with the partition coefficients in all *** to its large modal fraction in some subducted materials such as the continental crustal material,coesite might play an important role in the distributions of some trace elements,Ti for example.

关键词： Partition coefficients High-P experiments LA-ICP-MS Coesite Hydrous silicate melt Temperature and pressure dependence

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