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基于水足迹的鸡蛋生产耗水核算与评价

中国家禽 2024年第6期46卷 72-78页

作者：邢浩翰谢昀郑炜超邵思丛宏斌李保明农业农村部规划设计研究院农村能源与环保研究所北京100024 农业农村部农业废弃物能源化利用重点实验室北京100125 中国检验检疫科学研究院食品安全研究所北京100176 国家市场监管重点实验室(食品质量与安全) 北京100176 中国农业大学水利与土木工程学院农业农村部设施农业工程重点实验室北京100083 北京市畜禽健康养殖环境工程技术研究中心北京100083

为了解国内鸡蛋生产的耗水情况,探究不同蛋鸡养殖模式和蛋鸡品种对耗水情况的影响,研究利用水足迹核算方法分析评价中国5家蛋鸡养殖场的鸡蛋生产耗水情况。结果显示:5家蛋鸡养殖场的鸡蛋水足迹为2537.69~3446.85 m^(3)/t,其中,绿水足迹... 详细信息

为了解国内鸡蛋生产的耗水情况,探究不同蛋鸡养殖模式和蛋鸡品种对耗水情况的影响,研究利用水足迹核算方法分析评价中国5家蛋鸡养殖场的鸡蛋生产耗水情况。结果显示:5家蛋鸡养殖场的鸡蛋水足迹为2537.69~3446.85 m^(3)/t,其中,绿水足迹为1653.02~2314.94 m^(3)/t,蓝水足迹为484.07~616.65 m^(3)/t,灰水足迹为400.60~515.26 m^(3)/t,养殖场A中海兰褐和海兰灰品种的鸡蛋平均总水足迹分别为3042 m^(3)/t和3224 m^(3)/t;5家养殖场的鸡蛋水足迹中绿水足迹占比最高,达到66.75%,饲料消耗是影响鸡蛋水足迹的主要因素;养殖场A的鸡蛋水足迹最高,养殖场E最低;相比于海兰褐品种,海兰灰品种产蛋所消耗的饲料量、直接和间接用水更多。建议通过优化饲料配比、提高农业用水效率、增设养殖场的节水设施设备并选择适宜的蛋鸡品种能够有效降低鸡蛋水足迹。

关键词：水足迹耗水鸡蛋蛋鸡养殖用水

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后备母猪对人工光照强度的偏好性选择

农业工程学报 2024年第7期40卷 269-276页

作者：葛绍娟郑炜超李修松王浩李保明曾雅琼胡彬龙定彪刘作华重庆市畜牧科学院国家生猪技术创新中心重庆402460 中国农业大学水利与土木工程学院北京100083 青岛大牧人机械股份有限公司青岛266041

为明确人工光环境下后备母猪的适宜光照强度,该研究搭建了一套猪舍光环境偏好性选择系统,以LED白光(400~700 nm)为人工光源,设置4种光照强度(40、100、350、1200 lx),每7 d为一个周期对单元猪舍对应的光照方案进行调整,光照时长16 h,以2... 详细信息

为明确人工光环境下后备母猪的适宜光照强度,该研究搭建了一套猪舍光环境偏好性选择系统,以LED白光(400~700 nm)为人工光源,设置4种光照强度(40、100、350、1200 lx),每7 d为一个周期对单元猪舍对应的光照方案进行调整,光照时长16 h,以24头二元杂交后备母猪为试验对象,进行了为期28 d的试验,探究后备母猪对人工光环境光照强度的偏好性选择规律。结果表明,在猪只数量的时空分布方面,相较于40、350、1200 lx,后备母猪在开灯期间表现出对100 lx光照强度的显著性偏好(P<0.05),占整体数量29.33%±1.14%;猪群对其余3种光照强度的偏好呈现明显的节律性,表现为开灯后和关灯前3 h对40 lx光照强度的偏好显著高于350、1200 lx(P<0.05);在猪只活跃度方面,开灯后的前6 h,较强光照组(350 lx:37.97%±3.47%和1200 lx:35.42%±4.04%)的猪只活跃度显著高于较弱光照组(40 lx:27.90%±8.44%和100 lx:23.94%±3.79%);在猪只采食方面,较强光照(350、1200 lx)组后备母猪的饲料消耗量和采食时长均高于较弱光照组(40、100 lx)。由此,建议后备母猪舍的照明制度中设置一定的光照过渡阶段,以100 lx光照强度为主,开灯后和关灯前3 h使用40 lx较弱光环境避免刺激,此外,可在09:00—11:00增加2 h较强光照(350 lx)增加猪只活动量。该研究结果可为后备母猪舍光环境精准调控提供理论参考依据。

关键词：猪光环境光照强度偏好性行为活跃度

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四川唐家河国家级自然保护区3种大熊猫主食竹种群及营养特征差异分析

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四川动物 2024年第3期43卷 308-316页

作者：肖梅郑维超何芳蔡丽君谌利民李明富晋蕾邹立扣刘金平西华师范大学四川南充637002 四川省大熊猫科学研究院成都610081 四川省唐家河国家级自然保护区管理处四川广元628109 四川农业大学成都611130

以四川唐家河国家级自然保护区3种大熊猫Ailuropoda melanoleuca主食竹(巴山木竹Bashania fargesii、缺苞箭竹Fargesia denudata和糙花箭竹***)为研究对象,测定了其种群及营养特征。结果表明,(1)各龄级占比均为多年生>二年生>一年生>当... 详细信息

以四川唐家河国家级自然保护区3种大熊猫Ailuropoda melanoleuca主食竹(巴山木竹Bashania fargesii、缺苞箭竹Fargesia denudata和糙花箭竹***)为研究对象,测定了其种群及营养特征。结果表明,(1)各龄级占比均为多年生>二年生>一年生>当年生>死亡竿,一年生的差异最大。(2)各龄级竿的基径和株高、叶和茎生物量表现出显著种间差异。(3)木质素种间含量差异最大,纤维素差异最小,巴山木竹木质素含量最高,缺苞箭竹纤维素含量最高。(4)脂肪含量种间无显著差异,巴山木竹脂肪和黄酮含量均为最低,巴山木竹和缺苞箭竹的碳水化合物含量大于糙花箭竹。(5)还原糖、粗脂肪和粗蛋白含量存在种间差异,巴山木竹竹叶中的还原糖含量最高,缺苞箭竹竹叶中的粗蛋白和粗脂肪含量最高。(6)糙花箭竹和缺苞箭竹的蛋白质含量显著大于巴山木竹,16种氨基酸中仅甲硫氨酸、脯氨酸和谷氨酸有显著种间差异。本研究结果丰富了大熊猫主食竹的基础资料,可为大熊猫栖息地质量评价、栖息地恢复竹种选择等提供科学依据。

关键词：大熊猫主食竹生物量营养成分大熊猫国家公园

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Optimum insulation thickness for the sandwich structure livestock buildings external envelopes in different climate regions of China

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2020年第1期13卷 29-41页

作者： Yang Wang Baoming Li weichao zheng College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100083China Key Laboratory of Agricultural Engineering in Structure and Environment Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsBeijing 100083China Beijing Engineering Research Center for Animal Healthy Environment Beijing 100083China

Determining the optimum insulation thicknesses of external envelopes for livestock buildings are one of the most effective metrics to decrease energy *** study was carried out to determine the optimum insulation thicknesses for livestock buildings in different climate zones,to examine the effects of insulation thickness and material(foam glass,mineral wool,expanded polystyrene,foamed polyurethane,foamed polyvinyl chloride,and expanded polyethylene)on life cycle total cost,life cycle savings,and payback *** finishing pig houses and laying hen buildings with sandwich wall structures(color steel laminboard)in five typical cities were studied using the degree-days method with economic *** insulation thicknesses ranged from 0.05 m to 0.25 m and 0.02 m to 0.24 m in finishing pig houses and poultry buildings,respectively;the life cycle total costs ranged from 16.49 to 37.98$/m2 and 13.37 to 36.84$/m2;the life cycle savings ranged from 29.13 to 220.60$/m2 and 0 to 202.13$/m2;and the payback period ranged from 1.11 to 5.81 years and 1.19 to 20.76 years,*** polyurethane provided the highest life cycle savings,while foam glass had the *** this research,the insulation thicknesses for the sandwich structure livestock buildings external envelopes are optimized,and the energy saving can be obtained by using proper insulation thickness in different ***,it can increase the knowledge about energy consumption in the livestock buildings and the results can be also a useful tool for farmers.

关键词： livestock building insulation material optimum insulation thicknesses degree-days life cycle total cost life cycle saving payback period

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生产废水处理回用工程实例

工业安全与环保 2024年第2期50卷 71-73页

作者：程志刚杨志林郭磊李欢欢郑伟超张乐乐江苏方洋水务有限公司江苏连云港222000

以某园区生产企业排放的循环冷却水排污水为主生产废水处理回用工程为实例,介绍了废水的来源、回用工艺、主要处理构筑物参数及运行效果。采用“机加池+快滤池+臭氧接触氧化池+BAC滤池+超滤(UF)处理+反渗透(RO)过滤”的处理工艺,回用水... 详细信息

以某园区生产企业排放的循环冷却水排污水为主生产废水处理回用工程为实例,介绍了废水的来源、回用工艺、主要处理构筑物参数及运行效果。采用“机加池+快滤池+臭氧接触氧化池+BAC滤池+超滤(UF)处理+反渗透(RO)过滤”的处理工艺,回用水主要用作工业企业循环水站补给水,回用水水质达到《石油化工污水再生利用设计规范》(SH 3173—2013)以及《工业循环冷却水处理设计规范》(GB/T 50050—2017)中再生水用于间冷开式循环冷却水系统补充水的水质指标要求。工程运行实践表明:该系统运行稳定、出水水质好,具有良好的经济效益、社会效益和环境效益。

关键词：循环冷却水生产废水双膜法回用

Reducing feather pecking and cloacal cannibalism by providing layer breeders with nest boxes in colony cages for natural mating

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2018年第6期11卷 27-32页

作者： Haipeng Shi weichao zheng Jiang Tu Baoming Li College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100083China Key Laboratory of Agricultural Engineering in Structure and Environment Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsBeijing 100083China Beijing Engineering Research Center for Livestock and Poultry Healthy Environment Beijing 100083China

Colony cages for natural mating have been applied on many layer breeder ***,feather pecking and cloacal cannibalism are considered as prominent problems for these *** study aimed to investigate the effects on feather pecking and vent pecking behaviors by providing layer breeders with nest boxes(0.90 m L×0.40 m W×0.60 m H)in colony cages for natural mating(4.80 m L×1.20 m W×0.71 m H).Video recording and artificial observation were *** results showed that the usage of nest boxes gradually increased from the beginning of nest boxes providing at the age of 37 weeks to the end of the experiment at the age of 55 *** utilization rates of nest boxes were 36.75%,44.75%and 50.38%at the ages of 41 weeks,47 weeks and 53 weeks,*** hens in the cages without nest boxes showed significantly more frequent gentle feather pecks(both given and received)than hens in the cages with nest boxes at the ages of 41 weeks,47 weeks and 53 weeks.A decreasing trend of gentle feather pecking frequency(both given and received)was found with the increasing age for both the two *** significant difference was found in the number of given or received severe feather pecks at the age of 41 *** hens in the cages without nest boxes showed a significantly higher frequency of given and received severe feather pecks than hens in the cages with nest boxes at the ages of 47 weeks and 53 weeks(p<0.05).Both cannibalistic injury occurrence and mortality rate in the cages with nest boxes were significantly lower than those in the cages without nest *** conclusion,providing nest boxes in colony cages for natural mating could decrease abnormal pecking behaviors and improve animal welfare conditions of layer breeders.

关键词： feather pecking vent pecking nest box colony cage cloacal cannibalism layer breeder animal welfare

Electrolyzed water and its application in animal houses

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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2016年第3期3卷 195-205页

作者： weichao zheng Li NI Baoming LI Key Lab of Agricultural Engineering in Structure and Environment Ministry of Agriculture/Beijing Engineering Research Center on Animal Healthy Environment/College of Water Resources & Civil Engineering China Agricultural University

Electrolyzed water(EW) can be produced by electrolysis of a dilute salt solution. Slightly acidic electrolyzed water(SAEW, p H 5.0–6.5) and neutral electrolyzed water(NEW, p H 6.5–8.5) are considered healthy and environmentally friendly because no hazardous chemicals are added in its production, there is reduced corrosion of surfaces and it minimizes the potential for damage to animal and human health. Over the last decade, EW has become increasingly popular as an alternative disinfectant for decontamination in animal houses. However, there have been some issues related to EW that are not well known, including different mechanisms for generation of SAEW and NEW, and the antimicrobial mechanism of EW. This review covers the definitions of SAEW and NEW, different generation systems for SAEW and NEW, the antimicrobial mechanism of EW, and recent developments related to the application of SAEW and NEW in animal houses.

关键词： disinfection poultry and livestock slightly acidic electrolyzed water neutral electrolyzed water

Optimization of slightly acidic electrolyzed water spray for airborne culturable bacteria reduction in animal housing

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2016年第4期9卷 185-191页

作者： zheng weichao Ni Li Hui Xue Li Baoming Zhang Jiafa College of Water Recourses&Civil Engineering China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100083China Key Lab of Agricultural Engineering in Structure and Environment Ministry of AgricultureBeijing 100083China Beijing Engineering Research Center on Animal Healthy Environment Beijing 100083China

Slightly acidic electrolyzed water(SAEW)spray has been considered as a novel approach for airborne bacteria reduction in animal *** study aimed to optimize the operating parameters of SAEW spray based on the size distribution of sprayed aerosols,the available chlorine travelling loss in sprayed aerosols,and the reduction efficiency of airborne culturable bacteria(CB).The optimized operating parameters were the nozzle orifice diameter and the spray *** size distribution characteristics of sprayed SAEW aerosols under different operating parameters were *** pH and available chlorine concentrations of the original SAEW solution and the SAEW aerosols collected at 0 m,0.25 m,0.50 m,0.75 m,and 1.00 m from the spray nozzle head were analyzed.A bioaerosol nebulizing generator was used to simulate animal housing environment in an environmentally-controlled *** SAEW spray trials under different operating parameters were conducted at a spray dosage of 80 mL/m2 in the *** CB concentrations before and after spray were measured to investigate the reduction efficiency of airborne ***(50),the volume-based diameter below which 50%of the particle being present,increased with the nozzle orifice diameter and decreased with the spray *** travelling loss of available chlorine in the sprayed SAEW aerosols was greatly dependent on Dv(50).SAEW spray with medium size sprayed aerosols(Dv(50)=86.62μm,67.94μm,and 54.53μm)showed significantly higher airborne CB reduction efficiencies than large(Dv(50)=121.80μm and 96.00μm)or small size aerosols(Dv(50)=42.57μm).The spray operating parameters that provide medium size sprayed aerosols(Dv(50)~60-90μm)are recommended for SAEW spray in animal housing.

关键词： animal housing bioaerosol available chlorine size distribution air quality poultry and livestock

Effects of water-cooled cover on physiological and production parameters of farrowing sows under hot and humid climates

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2016年第4期9卷 178-184页

作者： Pang Zhenzhen Li Baoming zheng weichao Lin Baozhong Liu Zuohua Department of Protected Agriculture Science and Engineering Hainan UniversityHainan 570228China Key Laboratory of Structure and Environment in Agricultural Engineering Ministry of AgricultureChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100083China Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences Chongqing 402460China

The hot and humid climates,as encountered in the southern region of China with the open housing,can adversely impact the sows undergoing heat stress during the most vulnerable period at ***,a water-cooled cover system(WCCs)for local cooling has essential practical value to improve *** WCCs was developed for the sow crate of lactating sows separately,which performance was validated with the cooling efficiency in the sow occupied zone(SOZ)and physiological *** results showed that the WCCs for the farrowing sows using aluminium plastic tubes connected in series could reach an appropriate cooling performance in adjacent *** WCCs could decrease the SOZ air temperature by 3.0-4.5℃under the extremely hot climate when the indoor air temperature was 37℃,and maintain a suitable range(25-30℃)under the typical hot climate(<35℃).The respiration rate and skin temperature of farrowing sows had no significant difference between treatment group(WCC)and control group(sprinkle cooling)when the air temperature was below 30℃,but had a significant difference(p<0.05)when air temperature rose above 30℃.The control sows drank more during hot weather,and the feed intake was significantly lower than the sows with the WCCs(p<0.01).It was concluded that the WCCs could alleviate the heat stress of farrowing sows during typical hot climate.

关键词： localized cooling heat stress farrowing sow water-cooled cover hot and humid climate