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Understanding and improving fairness in cognitive diagnosis

Science China(Information Sciences) 2024年第5期67卷 99-114页

作者： Zheng ZHANG Le WU Qi LIU Jiayu LIU Zhenya HUANG Yu YIN Yan ZHUANG weibo gao Enhong CHEN Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Big Data Analysis and Application School of Computer Science and Technology& School of Data Science University of Science and Technology of China State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Intelligence School of Computer Science and Information Engineering Hefei University of Technology

Intelligent education is a significant application of artificial intelligence. One of the key research topics in intelligence education is cognitive diagnosis, which aims to gauge the level of proficiency among students on specific knowledge concepts(e.g., Geometry). To the best of our knowledge, most of the existing cognitive models primarily focus on improving diagnostic accuracy while rarely considering fairness issues; for instance, the diagnosis of students may be affected by various sensitive attributes(e.g., region). In this paper,we aim to explore fairness in cognitive diagnosis and answer two questions:(1) Are the results of existing cognitive diagnosis models affected by sensitive attributes?(2) If yes, how can we mitigate the impact of sensitive attributes to ensure fair diagnosis results? To this end, we first empirically reveal that several wellknown cognitive diagnosis methods usually lead to unfair performances, and the trend of unfairness varies among different cognitive diagnosis models. Then, we make a theoretical analysis to explain the reasons behind this phenomenon. To resolve the unfairness problem in existing cognitive diagnosis models, we propose a general fairness-aware cognitive diagnosis framework, FairCD. Our fundamental principle involves eliminating the effect of sensitive attributes on student proficiency. To achieve this, we divide student proficiency in existing cognitive diagnosis models into two components: bias proficiency and fair *** design two orthogonal tasks for each of them to ensure that fairness in proficiency remains independent of sensitive attributes and take it as the final diagnosed result. Extensive experiments on the Program for International Student Assessment(PISA) dataset clearly show the effectiveness of our framework.

关键词： fairness intelligent education cognitive diagnosis psychometrics adversarial learning

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Room-temperature phonon-coupled single-photon emission in hexagonal boron nitride

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2024年第5期67卷 109-114页

作者： Jia-Min Lai Qing-Hai Tan Feilong Song Haonan Chang Yanpei Lv Xue-Lu Liu Jinghua Teng weibo gao Ping-Heng Tan Jun Zhang State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures Institute of SemiconductorsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100083China Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules and Magnetic Information Materials of Ministry of Education&Research Institute of Materials Science Shanxi Normal UniversityTaiyuan 030000China Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Division of Physics and Applied Physics School of Physical and Mathematical SciencesNanyang Technological UniversitySingapore 637371Singapore Institute of Materials Research and Engineering(IMRE) Agency for ScienceTechnology and Research(A*STAR)Singapore 138634Singapore

Photon-lattice(phonon)coupling is fundamental to light-matter interaction,particularly when it reaches the quantum limit of the phonon-coupled single-photon emission,which holds great potential for quantum manipulation and quantum information ***,we report single defect state-phonon coupling in hexagonal boron nitride(h BN)at room *** ultrabroad spectrum of single-photon emissions can be achieved by selecting the excitation *** photoluminescence excitation spectroscopy,we observe single-phonon-assisted resonance-enhanced single-photon emission,along with multiple phonon replicas that herald the creation of phonon Fock *** also develop a transition model to gain insight into the physical process behind the single defect state-phonon *** work sets the stage for manipulating electron-phonon coupling state with single quantum-level precision at room temperature.

关键词： temperature phonon hexagonal

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肺炎克雷伯菌肝脓肿侵袭综合征临床特点分析

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中华急诊医学杂志 2024年第4期33卷 485-489页

作者：马勇孙东月杜昌高伟波朱继红迟骋北京大学人民医院急诊科北京100044

目的为分析肺炎克雷伯菌肝脓肿侵袭综合征(invasive klebsiella pneumoniae liver abscess syndrome,IKPLAS)临床特征,并与普通细菌性肝脓肿(common pyogenic liverabscess,CPLA)进行对比。方法收集北京大学人民医院2011年1月至2021年12月期间因细菌性肝脓肿住院患者的社会人口学及临床资料。根据是否合并侵袭性感染及细菌病原学结果筛选出肺炎克雷伯菌肝脓肿侵袭综合征,与普通细菌性肝脓肿进行对比,比较两组患者的一般资料、症状、既往病史、辅助检查、预后情况等指标。结果纳人172例细菌性肝脓肿患者,其中25例肺炎克雷伯菌肝脓肿侵袭综合征。相对CPLA组,IKPLAS组发热比例更低,糖尿病病史比例更高,单核细胞比例更低,降钙素原、尿素氮更高(均P0.05)。IKPLAS组最常见的侵袭感染部位为肺(22/25),脑(9/25),眼(9/25)。结论IKPLAS相对CPLA临床特点有所差异,最常见的侵袭感染部位为肺,脑,眼。本研究中二者病死率差异无统计学意义。对于病原学为肺炎克雷伯菌的细菌性肝脓肿,需要仔细评估是否存在侵袭病灶并予以针对性局部治疗,以更好地改善患者预后。

关键词：肺炎克雷伯菌肝脓肿侵袭综合征高毒力肺炎克雷伯菌侵袭病灶眼内炎预后病死率

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Advanced optical gain materials keep on giving

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Science China Materials 2020年第8期63卷 1345-1347页

作者： Qing Zhang weibo gao Qihua Xiong Department of Materials Science and Engineering College of EngineeringPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Division of Physics and Applied Physics School of Physical and Mathematical SciencesNanyang Technological UniversitySingapore 637371Singapore

In the past few decades,there has been a long-standing pursuit to exploring emergent materials with robust optical gain and superior light-matter interacting properties for the development of photonic and optoelectron... 详细信息

关键词： pursuit optical materials

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Quantum light sources from semiconductor

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Journal of Semiconductors 2019年第7期40卷 3-6页

作者： Disheng Chen weibo gao Division of Physics and Applied Physics School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University Singapore 637371 Singapore The Photonics Institute and Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies Nanyang Technological University Singapore 637371 Singapore

Semiconductor provides a physics-rich environment to host various quantum light sources applicable for quantum information processing. These light sources are capable of deterministic generation of non-classical photon streams that demonstrate antibunching photon statistics, strong indistinguishability, and high-fidelity entanglement. Some of them have even successfully transitioned from proof-ofconcept to engineering efforts with steadily improving performance[ 1]. Here, we briefly summarize recent efforts and progress in the race towards ideal quantum light sources based on semiconductor materials. The focus of this report will be on group III–V semiconductor quantum dots, defects in wide band-gap materials, emitters in two-dimensional van der Waals layered hosts, and carbon nanotubes, as these systems are well-positioned to benefit from recent breakthroughs in nanofabrication and materials growth techniques.

关键词： Quantum light sources semiconductor

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数据科学的可视化恶意软件分析技术在档案数字化安全管理系统中的应用

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网络安全与数据治理 2024年第5期43卷 18-26页

作者：高伟波徐炳雪李仲琴赫明春江西省地质局核地质大队江西鹰潭335001 鹰潭开放大学信息中心江西鹰潭335001 浙江大学计算机学院浙江杭州310013

数据科学的可视化恶意软件分析技术是当前信息安全领域中的重要的创新技术,旨在提高对档案数字化系统中潜在威胁的检测和应对能力。系统论述了基于数据科学的可视化恶意软件分析技术在档案数字化安全管理系统中的应用,并结合可视化数据... 详细信息

数据科学的可视化恶意软件分析技术是当前信息安全领域中的重要的创新技术,旨在提高对档案数字化系统中潜在威胁的检测和应对能力。系统论述了基于数据科学的可视化恶意软件分析技术在档案数字化安全管理系统中的应用,并结合可视化数据集构建了基于神经网络的恶意检测模型。使用可视化绘图对恶意软件的检出效果和迭代趋势进行分析,其优点对比传统的数据剥离手段更加高效并更具可读性,且在分析的过程中能够迅速、准确地应对不断演进的威胁,为数字化档案的安全提供了有力的支持。

关键词：档案数字化数据科学恶意软件威胁神经网络

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Enhancing bifunctionality of CoN nanowires by Mn doping for long-lasting Zn-air batteries

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Science China Chemistry 2020年第7期63卷 890-896页

作者： Yongqi Zhang Bo Ouyang Guankui Long Hua Tan Zhe Wang Zheng Zhang weibo gao Rajdeep Singh Rawat Hong Jin Fan School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University21 Nanyang Link637371Singapore Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu 611731China Department of Applied Physics and Institution of Energy and Microstructure Nanjing University of Science and TechnologyNanjing 210094China Institute of Materials Research and Engineering A*STAR(Agency fo r ScienceTechnology and Research)Innovis 138634Singapore Natural Sciences and Science Education National Institute of EducationNanyang Technological UniversitySingapore 637616Singapore

Tailoring the nanostructure and composition of transition metal nitrides is highly important for their use as potent low-cost electrocatalysts. Cobalt nitride(CoN) exhibits strong catalytic activity for oxygen evolution reaction(OER). However, its poor catalytic efficiency for oxygen reduction reaction(ORR) hinders its application in rechargeable zinc-air batteries(ZABs) as the air cathode. In this work, we deploy the effective strategy of Mn doping to improve both OER and ORR activity of CoN nanowires as the cathode material for ZAB. Theoretical calculation predicts that moderate Mn doping in cobalt nitride results in a downshift of the d-band center and reduces the adsorption energy of reaction intermediates. With ~10 at% Mn dopants, stronger catalysis activities for both OER and ORR are achieved compared to pure CoN nanowires. Subsequently, both aqueous and flexible quasi-solid-state ZABs are constructed using the Mn-doped CoN nanowires array as additive-free air cathode. Both types of devices present large open circuit potential, high power density and long-cycle stability. This work pushes forward the progress in developing cost-effective ZABs.

关键词： bifunctional electrocatalyst Zn-air battery oxygen reduction reaction flexible battery plasma processing

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Erratum to:Phase-pure two-dimensional Fe_(x)GeTe_(2)magnets with near-roomtemperature T_(C)

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Nano Research 2024年第6期17卷 5757-5757页

作者： Govindan Kutty Rajendran Nair Zhaowei Zhang Fuchen Hou Ali Abdelaziem Xiaodong Xu Steve Wu Qing Yang Nan Zhang Weiqi Li Chao Zhu Yao Wu Heng Weiling Lixing Kang Teddy Salim Jiadong Zhou Lin Ke Junhao Lin Xingji Li weibo gao Zheng Liu School of Material Science and Engineering Nanyang Technological University50 Nanyang Ave639798Singapore Division of Physics and Applied Physics School of Physical and Mathematical SciencesNanyang Technological University21 Nanyang Link637371Singapore Department of Physics Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen 518055China Institute of Materials Research and Engineering Agency for Science Technology and Research(A*STAR)2 Fusionopolis Way138634Singapore School of Material Science and Engineering School of PhysicsHarbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150001China Shenzhen Key Laboratory of for Advanced Quantum Functional Materials and Devices Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen 518055China National Institute of Laser Enhanced Sciences(NILES) Cairo UniversityGiza 12613Egypt CINTRA CNRS/NTU/THALES UMI 3288Research Techno Plaza637553Singapore School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Nanyang Technological University50 Nanyang Ave639798Singapore

The affiliation of three authors is unfortunately miswritten on the first page of this article and in the ESM. © Tsinghua University Press and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2021.

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Economic Evaluation for 5G Planning of a Distribution Network Considering Network Coupling and Important Node Identification

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Protection and Control of Modern Power Systems 2024年第3期9卷 126-141页

作者： Xiaowei Wang Qiankun Kang Liang Guo Fan Zhang Zhenfeng Liang Jie gao Xue Wang weibo Liu IEEE the School of Electrical Engineering Xi’an University of TechnologyXi’an 710054China Xi’an University of Technology China Zhejiang University HangzhouChina the School of Electrical Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’anChina the Xi’an Jiaotong University China

The rapid development of communication services in the power distribution network poses challenges for existing wireless communications,and the deployment of a fiber optic network is costly and *** emerging 5G technology has been piloted in power distribution networks,though the cost-effectiveness of its large-scale deployment remains *** paper proposes an economic evaluation method for 5G planning in power distribution networks,considering the coupling relationship between power distribution and communication networks and the identification of important network ***,the objective function to solve the planned number of 5G base stations is *** is solved using the adaptive particle swarm algorithm and K-means ***,the coupling relationship between the distribution and communication networks is discussed and *** node importance of the coupling network is analyzed to identify the important nodes,and micro base stations or optical fibers are added to improve the reliability of the distribution network at the communication ***,an economic evaluation index of 5G planning of the distribution network is *** paper compares the economic solutions of 5G and 4G communications in city and town scenarios using the IEEE 123-node network as an example,and concludes that the economics of 5G are better than those of 4G.

关键词： 5G coupling relationship node im-portance economic evaluation adaptive particle swarm K-means

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Phase-pure two-dimensional Fe_(X)GeTe_(2) magnets with near-room-temperature Tc

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Nano Research 2022年第1期15卷 457-464页

作者： Govindan Kutty Rajendran Nair Zhaowei Zhang Fuchen Hou§ Ali Abdelaziem Xiaodong Xu Steve Wu Qing Yang Nan Zhang Weiqi Li Chao Zhu Yao Wu Heng Weiling Lixing Kang Teddy Salim Jiadong Zhou Lin Ke Junhao Lin Xingji Li weibo gao Zheng Liu School of Material Science and Engineering 50 Nanyang Ave639798Singapore Division of Physics and Applied Physics School of Physical and Mathematical SciencesNanyang Technological University21 Nanyang Link637371 Singapore Department of Physics Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen 518055China Institute of Materials Research and Engineering Agency for Science Technology and Research(A*STAR)2 Fusionopolis WaySingapore 138634Singapore School of Material Science and Engineering School of PhysicsHarbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150001China Shenzhen Key Laboratory of for Advanced Quantum Functional Materials and Devices Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen 518055China National Institute of Laser Enhanced Sciences(NILES) Cairo UniversityGiza 12613Egypt CINTRA CNRS/NTU/THALES UMI3288Research Techno Plaza637553Singapore School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Nanyang Technological University50 Nanyang Ave639798Singapore

Two-dimensional(2D)ferromagnets with out-of-plane(OOP)magnetic anisotropy are potential candidates for realizing the next-generation memory devices with ultra-low power consumption and high storage ***,a scalable approach to synthesize 2D magnets with OOP anisotropy directly on the complimentary metal-oxide semiconductor(CMOS)compatible substrates has not yet been mainly explored,which hinders the practical application of 2D *** work demonstrates a cascaded space confined chemical vapor deposition(CS-CVD)technique to synthesize 2D FexGeTe_(2) *** weight fraction of iron(Fe)in the precursor controls the phase purity of the as-grown *** a result,high-quality Fe_(3)GeTe_(2) and Fe_(5)GeTe_(2) flakes have been grown selectively using the CS-CVD *** temperature(Tc)of the as-grown FexGeTe2 can be up to-280 K,nearly room *** thickness and temperature-dependent magnetic studies on the Fe_(5)GeTe_(2) reveal a 2D Ising to 3D XY ***,Terahertz spectroscopy experiments on Fe_(5)GeTe_(2) display the highest conductivity among other FexGeTe_(2) 2D *** results of this work indicate a scalable pathway for the direct growth and integration of 2D ternary magnets on CMOS-based substrates to develop spintronic memory devices.

关键词： cascaded space confined chemical vapor deposition(CVD) van der Waals(vdW) ferromagnetism out of plane anisotropy iron germanium telluride terahertz

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