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Chromosome-scale genomes of Quercus sichourensis and Quercus rex provide insights into the evolution and adaptation of Fagaceae

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2024年第5期51卷 554-565页

作者： Xue Liu Weixiong Zhang Yongting Zhang Jing Yang Peng Zeng Zunzhe Tian weibang sun Jing Cai Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Qinling Ecological Intelligent Monitoring and Protection School of Ecology and EnvironmentNorthwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi'anShaanxi 710072China Yunnan Key Laboratory for Integrative Conservation of Plant Species with Extremely Small Populations Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingYunnan 650201China

The Fagaceae,a plant family with a wide distribution and diverse adaptability,has garnered significant interest as a subject of study in plant speciation and ***,certain Fagaceae species are regarded as highly valuable wood resources due to the exceptional quality of their *** this study,we present two high-quality,chromosome-scale genome sequences for Quercus sichourensis(848.75 Mb)and Quercus rex(883.46 Mb).Comparative genomics analysis reveals that the difference in the number of plant disease resistance genes and the nonsynonymous and synonymous substitution ratio(Ka/Ks)of protein-coding genes among Fagaceae species are related to different environmental ***,most genes related to starch synthesis in the investigated Quercoideae species are located on a single chromosome,as compared to the outgroup species,Fagus ***,resequencing and population analysis of *** and *** reveal that *** has lower genetic diversity and higher deleterious mutations compared to *** high-quality,chromosome-level genomes and the population genomic analysis of the critically endangered *** and *** will provide an invaluable resource as well as insights for future study in these two species,even the genus Quercus,to facilitate their conservation.

关键词： Adaptation Quercus sichourensis Quercusrex Chromosome-scale genome assembly Tandem duplication genes Extremely small populations

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The role of botanical gardens in scientific research, conservation, and citizen science

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Plant Diversity 2018年第4期40卷 181-188页

作者： Gao Chen weibang sun Kunming Botanical Garden Kunming Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming 650204 Yunnan China Yunnan Key Laboratory for Integrative Conservation of Plant Species with Extremely Small Populations Kunming 650204 China Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia Kunming Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming 650204 Yunnan China

Plant diversity is currently being lost at an unprecedented rate, resulting in an associated decrease in ecosystem services. About a third of the world＇s vascular plant species face the threat of extinction due to a variety of devastating activities, including, over-harvesting and over exploitation, destructive agricul- tural and forestry practices, urbanization, environmental pollution, land-use changes, exotic invasive species, global climate change, and more. We therefore need to increase our efforts to develop integrative conservation approaches for plant species conservation. Botanical gardens devote their resources to the study and conservation of plants, as well as making the world＇s plant species diversity known to the public. These gardens also play a central role in meeting human needs and providing well-being. In this minireview, a framework for the integrated missions of botanical gardens, including scientific research, inJex situ conservation, plant resource utilization, and citizen science are cataloged. By reviewing the history of the development of Kunming Botanical Garden, we illustrate successful species conservation approaches （among others, projects involving Camellia, Rhododendron, Magnolia, Begonia, Alliurn, Ne- penthes, medicinal plants, ornamental plants, and Plant Species with Extreme Small Populations）, as well as citizen science, and scientific research at Kunming Botanical Garden over the past 80 years. We emphasize that Kunming Botanical Garden focuses largely on the ex situ conservation of plants from Southwest China, especially those endangered, endemic, and economically important plant species native to the Yunnan Plateau and the southern Hengduan Mountains. We also discuss the future chal- lenges and responsibilities of botanical gardens in a changing world, including： the negative effects of outbreeding and/or inbreeding depression; promoting awareness, study, and conservation of plant species diversity; accelerating global access t

关键词： Botanical gardens Citizen science Conservation biology Endangered plants Germplasm Horticulture

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Floral characteristics and pollination ecology of Manglietia ventii(Magnoliaceae),a plant species with extremely small populations(PSESP)endemic to South Yunnan of China

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Plant Diversity 2017年第1期39卷 52-59页

作者： Bin Wang Gao Chen Congren Li weibang sun Kunming Botanical Garden Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650204YunnanChina Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650204YunnanChina University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

Manglietia ventii is a highly endangered plant species endemic to Yunnan province in China, where there are only five known small populations. Despite abundant flowering there is very low fruit and seed set,and very few seedlings in natural populations, indicating problems with reproduction. The causes of low fecundity in M. ventii are not known, largely because of insufficient knowledge of the species pollination ecology and breeding system. We conducted observations and pollination experiments, and analyzed floral scents to understand the pollinatoreplant interactions and the role of floral scent in this relationship, as well as the species breeding system. Like the majority of Magnoliaceae, M. ventii has protogynous and nocturnal flowers that emit a strong fragrance over two consecutive evenings. There is a closing period(the pre-staminate stage) during the process of anthesis of a flower, and we characterize the key flowering process as an "open-close-reopen" flowering rhythm with five distinct floral stages observed throughout the floral period of this species: pre-pistillate, pistillate, pre-staminate, staminate,and post-staminate. Flowers are in the pistillate stage during the first night of anthesis and enter the staminate stage the next night. During anthesis, floral scent emission occurs in the pistillate and staminate stages. The effective pollinators were weevils(Sitophilus sp.) and beetles(Anomala sp.), while the role of Rove beetles(Aleochara sp.) and thrips(Thrips sp.) in pollination of M. ventii appears to be minor or absent. The major chemical compounds of the floral scents were Limonene, b-Pinene, a-Pinene, 1,8-Cineole, Methyl-2-methylbutyrate, p-Cymene, Methyl-3-methyl-2-butenoate and 2-Methoxy-2-methyl-3-buten, and the relative proportions of these compounds varied between the pistillate and staminate stages. Production of these chemicals coincided with flower visitation by weevils and *** results of pollination experiments suggest that M

关键词： Floral scent Weevil Beetle Pollination Breeding system Conservation

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Words from the Guest Editor-in-Chief

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Plant Diversity 2016年第5期38卷 207-208页

作者： weibang sun Kunming Botanical Garden Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesChina

PSESP(Plant Species with Extremely Small Populations)is a new concept developed to rescue the most globally threatened plant *** first appeared in'Proposal for the Extremely Small Population protection project for the endemic plants and animals of Yunnan',a report submitted to China's State Forestry Administration(SFA)through the Yunnan Forestry Department(YFD)in *** September 2009,four years after the launch of the project。

关键词： Words from the Guest Editor-in-Chief

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Pollination and seed dispersal of Aquilaria sinensis(Lour.)Gilg(Thymelaeaceae):An economic plant species with extremely small populations in China

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Plant Diversity 2016年第5期38卷 227-232页

作者： Gao Chen Changqiu Liu weibang sun Kunrning Botanical Garden Kunrning Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunrning 650201YunnanChina Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650201YunnanChina

Pollination and seed dispersal in angiosperms have long been investigated in order to understand the coevolution of plants and ***,the signals from flowers and/or seeds to attract pollinators and/or seed dispersers have received comparatively little *** this study,the pollination biology and seed dispersal of the vulnerable agarwood plant Aquilaria sinensis(Lour.) Gilg,a traditional medicinal plant in China,was studied in its natural distribution *** reproductive tactics of *** were studied in detail by employing various tests dealing with fruit set and also seed *** headspace extraction followed by GC-MS analysis was also performed in order to reveal the composition of floral *** results showed that noctuids and pyralids are the most effective pollinators of pollinator-dependent *** main compounds of the floral scent were(E,E)-α-Farnesene(61.9 ± 3.2%),trans-Ocimene(16.6 ± 1.2%),and Benzyl salicylate(4.6 ± 1.1%).The results obtained from seed dispersal experiments indicate that hornets are effective seed dispersers and they may play an important role in long-distance seed dispersal of *** on our findings,we recommend several protection methods for this threatened agarwood plant in China.

关键词： Aquilaria GC-MS Pollination Pyralidae Seed dispersal Vespa

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Comparative population genetic analyses suggest hybrid origin of Rhododendron pubicostatum,an endangered plant species with extremely small populations endemic to Yunnan,China

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Plant Diversity 2020年第4期42卷 312-318页

作者： Xuemei Zhang Hantao Qin Weijia Xie Yongpeng Ma weibang sun Yunnan Key Laboratory for Integrative Conservation of Plant Species with Extremely Small Populations Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)Kunming650201YunnanChina Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)Kunming650201China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 100049BeijingChina Flower Research Institute Yunnan Academy of Agriculture SciencesKunming650201China

Gene flow between sympatric congeneric plants is thought to be very common and may pose serious threats to endangered *** the present study,we evaluate the genetic diversity and divergence of three sympatric Rhododendron species in Jiaozi Mountain using newly developed microsatellites through the Illumina MiSeq sequencing *** diversity of all three Rhododendron species studied was moderate in comparison to genetic parameters previously reported from species of this ***,genetic structure analysis of the three species identified a possible hybrid origin of the threatened *** sympatry should be considered a unimodal hybrid zone,since *** is predominant *** hybrid zones are uncommon in Rhododendron,despite the fact that hybridization frequently occurs in the *** pertaining to the conservation of *** resulting from admixture of genetic material from its parental species are discussed.

关键词： Rhododendron pubicostatum Plant Species with Extremely Small Populations(PSESP) Microsatellite markers Illumina MiSeq sequencing Conservation management

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High regional genetic differentiation of an endangered relict plant Craigia yunnanensis and implications for its conservation

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Plant Diversity 2016年第5期38卷 221-226页

作者： Jing Yang Zerui Gao weibang sun Changqin Zhang Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of Sciences Yunnan Tobacco Industrial Hi-tech Material CO. LTD Kunming Botanical Garden Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of Sciences

Of the genus Craigia,widespread in the Tertiary,only two relict species survived to modern *** species is now possibly extinct and the other one,Craigia yunnanensis,is severely *** surveys have located six *** populations in Yunnan province,southwest *** fluorescent amplified fragment length polymorphism(AFLP),the genetic diversity and population structure of these populations were *** was found that genetic diversity of *** was moderate at the species level,but low at regional and population *** of population structure showed significant genetic differentiation between Wenshan and Dehong regions,apparently representing two geographically isolated for long time *** are also clear indications of isolation between populations,which,together with anthropogenically caused decline of population size,will lead to general loss of the species genetic variation with subsequent loss of adaptive *** conserve the genetic integrity of ***,we recommend that ex-situ conservation should include representative samples from every population of the two differentiated regions(*** and Dehong).The crosses between individuals originated from different regions should be avoided because of a high risk of outbreeding *** all the extant populations of *** are in unprotected areas with strong anthropogenic impact,there is no alternative to reintroduction of *** into suitable protected locations.

关键词： Craigia yunnanensis Isolation AFLP Genetic diversity Population genetic structure Conservation genetics

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Reproductive biology of Magnolia sinica(Magnoliaecea),a threatened species with extremely small populations in Yunnan,China

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Plant Diversity 2016年第5期38卷 253-258页

作者： Ye Chen Gao Chen Jing Yang weibang sun Kunming Botanical Garden Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming650201 YunnanChina University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 100049 BeijingChina

Magnolia sinica is one of the most threatened trees endemic to Southeast *** on our investigations,only 52 individuals and eight populations are found in the *** has been categorized as Critically Endangered on the IUCN Red List and identified as a "Plant Species with Extremely Small Populations(PSESP)".Its fruit/seed set is very low and seedlings are rarely found in the *** is hypothesized that it may encounter obstacles to reproductive *** study,therefore,focuses on its reproductive biology,knowledge of which is essential for effective *** of this species are protogynous and nocturnal,and possess a two-day rhythm of sexual *** the first night of anthesis,the flowers are in the pistillate stage during which tepals open at dusk and close approx.1 h later(except for the open outer ones).They remain closed until the next afternoon,when flowers,now in the staminate stage,re-open and remain so until the tepals *** beetles enter into the flowers and remain trapped throughout the night as the flower closes,during which time they feed on ***-gathering bees are found to visit the re-opened flowers and the beetles are released during this *** species of Pleocomidae and Curculionidae beetles appear to be effective *** is a self-compatible,pollinator-dependent species,and its fruit/seed set can be significantly increased by *** functional seed dispersers have been found in its extant natural *** findings suggest that it may face both pollination and seed disperser insufficiencies in its current fragmented habitats,which may account for its low *** we propose conservation strategies based on our findings.

关键词： Magnolia sinica PSESP Flowering process Pollination Seed dispersal Germination

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The flip side of the coin:ecological function of the bee-hawking Asian hornet

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Integrative Zoology 2020年第2期15卷 156-159页

作者： Gao CHEN Zhiming ZHANG Guillaume CHOMICKI weibang sun Yunnan Key Laboratory for Integrative Conservation of Plant Species with Extremely Small Populations KunmingChina CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingChina Institute of Ecology and Geobotany School of Ecology and Environmental SciencesYunnan UniversityKunmingChina Department of Plant Sciences University of OxfordUK The Queen’s College High StreetOxfordUK

Biological invasions around the world have experienced an unprecedented increase over the past few decades as a result of global change,worldwide trade and human mobility(Mack et al.2000).Invasive species have serious ecological and economic impacts across the *** the areas with high levels of invasion,Europe faces the greatest biological invasion(van Kleunen et al.2015).The European Union commissioned a report on invasive alien species to assess their ecological and economic ***,the Asian bee-hawking hornet Vespa velutina Lepeletier,1836 is in the line of fire in Europe(Rome&Villemant 2016).This hornet species is known as a serious predator of pollinators(such as honeybees),thus severely affecting insect pollination as well as apiculture in various European countries(Villemant et al.2011).

关键词： invasion king function

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Plant species with extremely small populations(PSESP) in China:A seed and spore biology perspective

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Plant Diversity 2016年第5期38卷 209-220页

作者： Ellie Merrett Wade Jayanthi Nadarajan Xiangyun Yang Daniel Ballesteros weibang sun Hugh W.Pritchard Royal Botanic Gardens KewWellcome Trust Millennium Building The Germplasm Bank of Wild Species Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of Sciences Kunming Botanical Garden Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of Sciences

Approximately one fifth of the world's plants are at risk of *** these,a significant number exist as populations of few individuals,with limited distribution ranges and under enormous pressure due to habitat *** China,these most-at-risk species are described as 'plant species with extremely small populations'(PSESP).Implementing conservation action for such listed species is *** seeds is one of the main means of ex situ conservation for flowering *** storage could provide a simple and economical method for fern ex situ *** and spore germination in nature is a critical step in species regeneration and thus in situ *** what is known about the seed and spore biology(storage and germination) of at-risk species? We have used China's PSESP(the first group listing) as a case study to understand the gaps in knowledge on propagule biology of threatened plant *** found that whilst germination information is available for 28 species(23%of PSESP),storage characteristics are only known for 8%of PSESP(10 species).Moreover,we estimate that 60%of the listed species may require cryopreservation for long-term *** conclude that comparative biology studies are urgently needed on the world's most threatened taxa so that conservation action can progress beyond species listing.

关键词： Threatened species Orchids Storage characteristics Cryopreservation ex situ conservation

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