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Capture and electro-splitting of CO_2 in molten salts

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2019年第1期28卷 128-143页

作者： Wei Weng Lizi Tang wei Xiao School of Resource and Environmental Sciences Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Sustainable Resource and EnergyWuhan University

Due to the serious greenhouse gas effects caused by the increasing concentration of atmospheric CO_2,carbon capture and storage(CCS) has been an important area of research and many technologies are developed within this field. Molten salt CO_2 capture and electrochemical transformation(MSCC-ET) process is a desirable method due to a high CO_2 solubility, a wide potential window of molten salts and easily-controlled electrode reactions. Generally, electro-splitting CO_2 in molten salts begins with CO_2 absorption reactions to form CO_3^(2-), which is then followed by the carbon deposition at the cathode and O_2 evolution at the anode. As a result, CO_2 is electro-converted to O_2 and carbon with different morphologies, compositions, microstructures and functional properties. This report introduces the MSCC-ET process, summarizes the reactions occurring in the molten salts and at the electrode surfaces, as well as the morphological variations of the cathodic products. The inert anode materials, cost estimation and scale-up evaluation of the process are then discussed. It is presumed that with a comprehensive understanding of the electrode reactions during electrolysis and the functional properties of carbon materials obtained during CO_2 electro-splitting can provide a foundation for further developing this environmentally friendly process.

关键词： CO2 electro-splitting Molten salt electrolysis Inert anodes Cost evaluation

Molten salt electrochemical modulation of Ni/Co nanoparticles onto N-doped carbon for oxygen reduction

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2022年第11期31卷 212-217,I0007页

作者： Xinxin Liang Jialin Chen Biao Hong Tingting Wan Wei Weng wei Xiao College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Hubei Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Power SourcesWuhan UniversityWuhan 430072HubeiChina Zijin School of Geology and Mining Fujian Key Laboratory of Green Extraction and High-value Utilization of Energy MetalsFuzhou UniversityFuzhou 350108FujianChina Queen Marry University of London Engineering School Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’an 710129ShaanxiChina

Activation of oxygen over non-precious materials has been an imperative task to develop efficient electrochemical energy storage and conversion such as fuel cells and metal-air batteries.Herein,a molten salt electrochemical modulation of metal-nitrogen-carbon based compounds(M–N–C)is achieved.By electrochemical treatment of polydopamine-coated NiCo_(2)O_(4)(NiCo_(2)O_(4)@PDA)in molten Li_(2)CO_(3)-Na_(2)CO_(3)-K_(2)CO_(3)at 500℃,Ni/Co bimetal-nitrogen-carbon catalyst(denoted as Ni/Co@NC)consisting of Ni-Co nanoparticles anchoring on porous nitrogen-doped carbon is constructed and evaluated as electrocatalysts towards the oxygen reduction reaction(ORR).Experimental and calculation results confirm that alloying of Ni-Co and nitrogen doping to carbon enhances the rate-determining transformation of*OH intermediate during ORR.The Ni/Co@NC hence shows an ORR activity comparable with the commercial Pt/C.

关键词： Oxygen reduction Metal-nitrogen-carbon Electrochemistry Molten salt Bimetal modulation

Controllable conversion of rice husks to Si/C and SiC/C composites in molten salts

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2021年第4期30卷 102-107页

作者： Da Pang Wei Weng Jing Zhou Dong Gu wei Xiao School of Resource and Environmental Sciences Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Sustainable Resource and EnergyWuhan UniversityWuhan 430072HubeiChina College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Hubei Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Power SourcesWuhan UniversityWuhan 430072HubeiChina The Institute of Advanced Studies Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430072HubeiChina

Direct conversion of biomass to functional materials is an ideal solution to relieve challenges in environmental and energy sustainability.We herein demonstrate a molten salt thermoelectrolysis of rice husks(RHs)mainly consisting of organic mass and biosilica to achieve high-efficiency and upgraded utilization of both Si and C in RHs.By coupling pyrolysis of organic mass with electrochemical reduction of silica in molten salts,the thermoelectrolysis of RHs in molten CaCl_(2)-NaCl at 800℃ refines the RHs and acidleached RHs to SiC nanowire/C(SiC-NW/C)and Si nanoparticle/C(Si-NP/C),respectively.The present study highlights the molten salt thermoelectrolysis for reclamation of biomass wastes in an affordable and controllable manner.

关键词： Rice husks Molten salt Silicon Silicon carbide Electrochemistry

Catalytic decomposition of methane to produce hydrogen:A review

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2021年第7期30卷 415-430页

作者： Zeyu Fan Wei Weng Jing Zhou Dong Gu wei Xiao School of Resource and Environmental Sciences Hubei International Scientiﬁc and Technological Cooperation Base of Sustainable Resource and EnergyWuhan UniversityWuhan 430072HubeiChina College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Hubei Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Power SourcesWuhan UniversityWuhan 430072HubeiChina The Institute for Advanced Studies Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430072HubeiChina

The increasing demands of hydrogen and the recent discovery of large reserves of methane have prompted the conversion of methane to hydrogen.The challenges raised by intensive CO_(2) emission from the traditional conversion of methane have provoked emission-free hydrogen production from methane.The catalytic decomposition of methane(CDM) to produce hydrogen and advanced carbon hence comes into consideration due to the short process and environmental benignity.Although many researchers have made considerable progress in CDM research on the laboratory scale,CDM is still in its infancy in industrialization.The history of its development,fundamental mechanisms,and recent research progress in catalysts and catalytic systems are herein highlighted.The problems of catalytic interface degradation are reviewed,focusing on deactivation from coke deposition in the CDM process.The introduction of a liquid phase interface which can in-situ remove carbon products provides a new strategy for this process.Furthermore,the challenges and prospects for future research into novel CDM catalysts or catalyst systems are included.

关键词： Hydrogen production Methane decomposition Metal-based catalysts Carbon-based catalysts Liquid catalyst

Effects of K and Mn promoters over Fe2O3 on Fischer–Tropsch synthesis

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2020年第8期29卷 118-127,I0004页

作者： Teng Lv Wei Weng Jing Zhou Dong Gu wei Xiao School of Resource and Environmental Sciences Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Sustainable Resource and EnergyWuhan UniversityWuhan 430072HubeiChina The Institute for Advanced Studies Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430072.HubeiChina

Structural and compositional design of core-shell structure is an effective strategy towards enhanced catalysis.Herein,amorphous MnO2 nanosheets and K+-intercalated layered MnO2 nanosheets are controllably assembled over Fe2O3 spindles,in which the MnO2 nanosheets are perpendicularly anchored to the surface of Fe2O3.Such a core shell structure contributes to a high specific surface area and abundant pore channels on the surface of catalysts.In addition,the existence of K+provides large numbers of basic sites and restrains the formation of unpleasant(Fe1-xMnx)3O4.Benefiting from the merits in structure and composition,CO adsorption is enhanced and remaining time of intermediates is prolonged on the surfaces of catalysts during the Fischer–Tropsch synthesis(FTS),facilitating to the formation of active iron carbides and C–C coupling reactions.Resultantly,the Fe2O3@K+-Mn O2 shows both a high CO conversion of 82.3%and a high C5+ selectivity of 73.1%.The present study provides structural and compositional rationales on design high-performance catalysts towards FTS.

关键词： Fischer–Tropsch synthesis K promoter Mn promoter CO conversion C5+selectivity

Interfacial confinement of Ni-V2O3 in molten salts for enhanced electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2020年第11期29卷 280-285页

作者： Jing Zhou Hansheng Xiao Wei Weng Dong Gu wei Xiao College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Hubei Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Power SourcesWuhan UniversityWuhan 430072HubeiChina School of Resource and Environmental Sciences Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Sustainable Resource and EnergyWuhan UniversityWuhan 430072HubeiChina The Institute of Advanced Studies.Wuhan University Wuhan 430072HubeiChina

Implementation of non-precious electrocatalysts is key-enabling for water electrolysis to relieve challenges in energy and environmental sustainability. Self-supporting Ni-V2O3 electrodes consisting of nanostrip-like V2O3 perpendicularly anchored on Ni meshes are herein constructed via the electrochemical reduction of soluble NaVO3 in molten salts for enhanced electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution. Such a special configuration in morphology and composition creates a well confined interface between Ni and V2O3. Experimental and Density-Functional-Theory results confirm that the synergy between Ni and V2O3 accelerates the dissociation of H2O for forming hydrogen intermediates and enhances the combination of H*for generating H2.

关键词： Hydrogen evolution Electrochemistry Molten salt Ni V2O3

Recent advances in the synthesis of fluoroalkylated compounds using fluoroalkyl anhydrides

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2022年第10期33卷 4517-4530页

作者： wei Wu Yi You Zhiqiang weng Fujian Engineering Research Center of New Chinese lacquer Material College of Materials and Chemical EngineeringMinjiang UniversityFuzhou 350108China Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Storage MaterialsCollege of ChemistryFuzhou UniversityFuzhou 350108China

Fluoroalkyl-containing organic compounds have exhibited wide applications in the field of pharmaceuticals,agrochemicals and materials science due to their outstanding properties such as biological activity,metabolic stability,lipophilicity,excellent chemical and thermal stability.Therefore,various synthetic strategies have been developed for the construction of fluoroalkyl-containing compounds,using highly active fluorinating reagents and fluorinated building blocks.Recently,the use of easily available and inexpensive trifluoroacetic anhydride(TFAA)and its anhydride analogues has attracted great attention to access numerous fluoroalkyl-containing compounds through cyclization and coupling reactions.In this review,we summarized the recent advances in the synthesis of fluoroalkylated compounds using fluoroalkyl anhydrides as reagents.This review aims to provide a reference for researchers on how to develop new synthetic straregies of fluorine-containing organic compounds and achieve kilograms or even tons preparation of fluorine-containing organic compounds using fluoroalkyl anhydrides.

关键词： Trifluoroacetic anhydride(TFAA) Fluoroalkyl anhydride Fluoroalkyl-containing organic compound Fluoroalkl Fluoroalkanoyl Cyclization reaction Coupling reaction

Enhanced electrodeposition and separation of metallic Cr from soluble K2CrO4 on a liquid Zn cathode

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2020年第1期29卷 204-211,I0007页

作者： Wei Weng Zhi Wang Zhancheng Guo Shuqiang Jiao Mingyong Wang State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China School of Resource and Environmental Sciences Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Sustainable Resource and EnergyWuhan UniversityWuhan 430072HubeiChina Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering National Engineering Laboratory for Hydrometallurgical Cleaner Production TechnologyInstitute of Process EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China

Carbon contamination and the formation of low-valence oxides limit the preparation of refractory metals by molten salt electrolysis.In this paper,a liquid Zn cathode is adopted for the electrochemical reduction of soluble K2CrO4 to metallic Cr in CaCl2-KCl molten salt.It is found that CrO4^2-can be directly electrochemically reduced to Cr via a six-electron-transfer step and low-valence Cr oxides is hardly produced.The reduction rate is obviously increased from 16.7 mgCrh^-1cm^-2 on the solid Mo cathode to58.7 mgCrh-1cm-2on liquid Zn cathode.The electrodeposited Cr is distributed in liquid Zn cathode.Carbon contamination is effectively avoided due to the negligible solubility of carbon in the liquid Zn cathode.Furthermore,Cr can be effectively separated and enriched to the bottom of liquid Zn under supergravity field,realizing the efficient acquisition of metallic Cr and recycling of liquid Zn.The method herein provides a promising route for the preparation of refractory metals with high-purity by molten salt electrolysis.

关键词： Molten salt electrolysis Liquid Zn cathode Carbon contamination K2CrO4 Metallic Cr

Hemodynamic effects of different fluid volumes for a fluid challenge in septic shock patients

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Chinese Medical Journal 2022年第6期135卷 672-680页

作者： Ting Yang Li weng wei Jiang Shan Li Bin Du Medical Intensive Care Unit State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare DiseasesPeking Union Medical College HospitalPeking Union Medical CollegeChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijing 100730China

Background:It is still unclear what the minimal infusion volume is to effectively predict fluid responsiveness.This study was designed to explore the minimal infusion volume to effectively predict fluid responsiveness in septic shock patients.Hemodynamic effects of fluid administration on arterial load were observed and added values of effective arterial elastance(Ea)in fluid resuscitation were assessed.Methods:Intensive care unit septic shock patients with indwelling pulmonary artery catheter(PAC)received five sequential intravenous boluses of 100 mL 4%gelatin.Cardiac output(CO)was measured with PAC before and after each bolus.Fluid responsiveness was defined as an increase in CO>10%after 500 mL fluid infusion.Results:Forty-seven patients were included and 35(74.5%)patients were fluid responders.CO increasing>5.2%after a 200 mL fluid challenge(FC)provided an improved detection of fluid responsiveness,with a specificity of 80.0%and a sensitivity of 91.7%.The area under the ROC curve(AUC)was 0.93(95%CI:0.84-1.00,P<0.001).Fluid administration induced a decrease in Ea from 2.23(1.46-2.78)mmHg/mL to 1.83(1.34-2.44)mmHg/mL(P=0.002),especially for fluid responders in whom arterial pressure did not increase.Notably,the baseline Ea was able to detect the fluid responsiveness with an AUC of 0.74(95%CI:0.59-0.86,P<0.001),whereas Ea failed to predict the pressure response to FC with an AUC of 0.50(95%CI:0.33-0.67,P=0.086).Conclusion:In septic shock patients,a minimal volume of 200 mL 4%gelatin could reliably detect fluid responders.Fluid administration reduced Ea even when CO increased.The loss of arterial load might be the reason for patients who increased their CO without pressure responsiveness.Moreover,a high level of Ea before FC was able to predict fluid responsiveness rather than to detect the pressure responsiveness.

关键词： Cardiac output(CO) Fluid challenge(FC) Arterial load Effective arterial elastance(Ea) Septic shock