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PbrARF4 contributes to calyx shedding of fruitlets in ‘Dangshan Suli’ pear by partly regulating the expression of abscission genes

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Horticultural Plant Journal 2024年第2期10卷 341-354页

作者： Guoling Guo Pengfei wei Tao Yu Haiyan Zhang wei heng Lun Liu Liwu Zhu Bing Jia School of Horticulture Anhui Agricultural UniversityHefeiAnhui 230036China Huayuan Foreign Language School Zhejiang Normal UniversityJinhuaZhejiang 322100China Agricultural Experimental Center of Guiyang Guiyang Agriculture and Rural BureauGuiyangGuizhou 550018China

Fruitlet calyx shedding in pear plants is apparently regulated via numerous pathways that involve both environmental triggers and phytohormones cues such as auxin. In this study, we found at 10 days after full bloom (DAFB) higher levels of indoleacetic acid (IAA) and tryptophan (Trp) in calyx persistence fruitlet (CPF) than calyx shedding fruitlet (CSF) ofDanshan Suli’ pear (Pyrus bretschneideri Rhed.). Consisting with this, the activity of indolealdehyde oxidase (IAAIdO), which promotes IAA synthesis, was remarkably increased, and that of peroxidase(POD), which degrades IAA, dropped markedly in CPF but not in CSF. Further, qRT-PCR results revealed that most of 31 PbrARFs (encoding auxin response factors) in Pyrus bretschneideri were highly expressed in CPF, whereas PbrARF4, PbrARF24 and PbrARF26 were significantly downregulated in CPF vis-a-vis CSF. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that 6 PbrARFs clustered in the group III, where PbrARF4 showed the closest affinity with AtARF1 that promotes organ abscission, indicating a putative role of PbrARF4 in mediating the process of calyx shedding in pear. In fact, the ectopic overexpression of PbrARF4 in Solanum lycopersicum resulted in an earlier-formed and deeper abscission layer (AL) in the transgenic plants, whose calyxes were more prone to wilt at the mature red stage (MR) compared with the control plants (wild-type). More importantly, expression levels of the abscission genes SILS and Sl Cel2 in transgenic plants overexpressing PbrARF4 were significantly upregulated in comparation with the WT, whereas those of Sl BI and Sl TAPG2 were considerably inhibited. Further, PbrJOINTLESS and PbrIDA,the two genes related to calyx shedding in pear, were up-regulated more in CSF than CPF. The findings contribute to a better understanding of PbrARFs involved in fruitlet calyx shedding of pear, which could prove beneficial to improving the quality of pear fruit.

关键词： Pear Pyrus bretschneideri Rehd Calyx shedding IAA PbrARF4 Abscission genes

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Progress in research on metal-based materials in stabilized Zn anodes

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Rare Metals 2024年第1期43卷 20-40页

作者： Le Li Shao-Feng Jia Ming-Hui Cao Yong-Qiang Ji heng-wei Qiu Dan Zhang Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Industrial Automation School of Mechanical EngineeringShaanxi University of TechnologyHanzhong 723001China School of Electronic and Information Engineering Qingdao UniversityQingdao 266071China State Key Laboratory for Artifcial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics School of PhysicsPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Department of Chemistry Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical BiologyTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Catalysis School of Chemistry and Environment ScienceShaanxi University of TechnologyHanzhong 723001China

Aqueous zinc-ion batteries(ZIBs) combine the benefits of metallic Zn anodes with those of aqueous electrolytes and are well suited for large-scale energy storage because of their inherent high safety, cost-effectiveness, and eco-friendliness. Currently, the practical application of such batteries is hindered by the poor cycling performance of Zn anodes due to uncontrolled dendrite formation and severe side reactions, although recent reports suggest that these problems can be mitigated through the modification of Zn anodes with metal-based *** that the mechanisms of improving Zn deposition and the structural evolution of metal-based materials have not been systematically reviewed, we herein systematically overview the metal-based materials used to stabilize Zn anodes, starting with a brief summary of the anode working mechanism and the challenges faced by stabilized Zn anodes. Subsequently, the design principles of Zn anodes stabilized by metal-based materials and the related recent progress are reviewed, and the key challenges and perspectives for the future development of such Zn anodes are proposed.

关键词： Zinc-ion batteries(ZIBs) Zn anode Metalbased materials Alloying metal Stabilized Zn anodes

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Environmental factors controlling soil warming and wetting during 2000-2020 in permafrost and non-permafrost regions across the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

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Advances in Climate Change Research 2024年第2期15卷 285-296页

作者： Guo-An YIN Jing LUO Fu-Jun NIU Ming-Hao LIU Ze-Yong GAO Tian-Chun DONG wei-heng NI State Key Laboratory of Frozen Soil Engineering Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China China Railway Qinghai-Tibet Group Co. Ltd.Xining 810000China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau(QTP)has experienced rapid environmental changes,including climate warming and wetting,since the *** environmental changes significantly impact the shallow soil hydrothermal conditions,which have key roles in land-atmosphere feedback and ecosystem ***,the spatial variations and responses of soil hydrothermal conditions to environmental changes over the QTP with permafrost(PF)and seasonal frost(SF)remain *** this study,we investigated the spatial variations in soil temperature(ST)and soil moisture(SM)changes over the QTP from 2000 to 2020 using 99 in-situ sites with observations at 4 depths(i.e.10,40,100 and 200 cm).The main environmental controlling factors were further identified using a calibrated statistical *** showed that significant(p<0.05)soil warming occurred at multiple soil layers during 2000-2020 with a wide variation(i.e.0.033-0.039℃ per year on average),whereas the warming rates at PF sites were two times greater than those at SF *** addition,the soil wetting rate was high over the SF region,whereas the soil wetting rate was low over the PF *** from air temperature,changes in thawing degree days and solar radiation(Srad)contributed most to soil warming in the PF region,whereas changes in rainfall,Srad and evaporation(EVA)have been identified as the key factors in the SF *** for soil wetting,changes in snowfall,freezing degree days and vegetation have noticeable nonlinear effects over the PF region,whereas changes in EVA,Srad and rainfall highlighted distinct linear and nonlinear effects in the SF *** findings enhance our understanding of the hydrothermal impacts of future environmental changes over the QTP.

关键词： Warming amd wetting Soil hydrothermal change Factor Permafrost Seasonal frost

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MOF-derived Cu embedded into N-doped mesoporous carbon as a robust support of PdAu nanocatalysts for ethanol electrooxidation

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Rare Metals 2024年第3期43卷 1083-1094页

作者： Yu-Fu Huang Peng Wu Jun-Ping Tang Jian Yang Jing Li Shuai Chen Xue-Ling Zhao ChengChen Bin-wei Zhang Yan-Yun Ma wei-heng Shi Dong-Hai Lin Shi-Gang Sun School of Energy and Materials Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Advanced Thermal Functional MaterialsShanghai Key Laboratory of Engineering Materials Application and EvaluationShanghai Polytechnic UniversityShanghai201209China State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces Department of ChemistryCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringXiamen UniversityXiamen361005China School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Chongqing UniversityChongqing401331China Center of Advanced Energy Technology and Electrochemistry Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary StudiesChongqing UniversityChongqing400044China Institute of Functional Nano&Soft Materials(FUNSOM) Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials&DevicesSoochow UniversitySuzhou215123China Department of Materials Science and Engineering Drexel UniversityPhiladelphiaPA19104USA

Metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)h ave attracted widespread attention due to their large surface area and porous *** designing the nanostructures of MOFs to promote their application in ethanol electrooxidation is still a ***,a novel Cu-NCNs(Cu-nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes)support was synthesized by pyrolysis of melamine(MEL)and Cu-ZIF-8 together,and then,Pd-Au nanoalloys were loaded by sodium borohydride reduction method to prepare PdAu@Cu-NCNs *** generating mesoporous carbon with high specific surface area and favorable electron and mass transport can be used as a potential excellent carrier for PdAu *** addition,the balance of catalyst composition and surface structure was tuned by controlling the content of Pd and ***,the best-performed Pd_(2)Au_(2)@Cu-NCN-1000-2(where 1000 means the carrier calcination temperature,and 2 means the calcination constant temperature time)catalyst exhibits better long-term stability and electrochemical activity for ethanol oxidation in alkaline media(4.80 A·mg^(-1)),which is 5.05 times higher than that of commercial Pd/C(0.95 A·mg^(-1)).Therefore,this work is beneficial to further promoting the application of MOFs in direct ethanol fuel cells(DEFCs)and can be used as inspiration for the design of more efficient catalyst support structures.

关键词： Metal-organic frameworks(MOFs) N-doped Mesoporous carbon PdAu Ethanol electrooxidation

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苏州市夏冬季挥发性有机物污染特征及健康风险评价

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环境化学 2024年第8期43卷 2769-2780页

作者：周民锋魏恒江苏省苏州环境监测中心苏州215000 江苏省环境保护空气复合污染物监测重点实验室苏州215000

用环境空气挥发性有机物（VOCs）自动监测仪对苏州市城区环境空气VOCs组分进行连续监测，选取冬季（2021年12月—2022年2月）、夏季（2022年6月—8月）在线监测数据，比较夏冬季环境空气VOCs的各组分含量、光化学反应特性、主要来源，... 详细信息

用环境空气挥发性有机物（VOCs）自动监测仪对苏州市城区环境空气VOCs组分进行连续监测，选取冬季（2021年12月—2022年2月）、夏季（2022年6月—8月）在线监测数据，比较夏冬季环境空气VOCs的各组分含量、光化学反应特性、主要来源，以及健康风险. 研究结果表明，苏州市TVOC冬季（41.96×10−9）高于夏季（23.46×10−9），冬季烷烃占比高（46.39%），夏季OVOCs占比为33.6%;臭氧生成潜势（OFP）贡献从大到小依次为OVOCs、烯烃、芳香烃、烷烃、炔烃、卤代烃;二次有机气溶胶（SOAFP）为0.63 μg·m−3，芳香烃对SOAFP平均贡献达95.2%;最后，利用PMF模型解析6个VOCs的污染来源，分别是机动车排放、光化学反应二次生成、电子和纺织工业排放、工业涂料使用、液化石油气使用和汽油挥发;健康风险评估发现，冬季致癌风险高于夏季，乙醛可能存在致癌风险，冬季和夏季均存在非致癌风险，主要受丙烯醛影响较大;光化学反应二次生成、电子和纺织工业等排放对人体健康影响较大.

关键词： VOCs 来源解析污染特征健康分析苏州市夏季冬季

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Prevalence,Characteristics and Treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis in Urban Residents of Beijing,China:A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2024年第4期37卷 418-422页

作者： ZHOU Jun YAN Yan DONG Ya wei LIU Xiao Yu WANG Ping LIN Jia Ming DONG Peng Xuan QUAN Rui WANG Rong Tian MI Bao Hong CHEN wei heng Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Third Affiliated Hospital Beijing 100029China Engineering Research Center of Chinese Orthopaedics and Sports Rehabilitation Artificial Intelligent Ministry of EducationBeijing 100029China Beijing Hepingli Community Health Service Center Beijing 100013China Minimally Invasive Joint Surgery Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Third Affiliated HospitalBeijing 100029China

Knee osteoarthritis(KOA)is a common progressive joint disease with chronic pain and movement disorders as the main clinical *** is a major public health problem worldwide and it imposes serious medical and economic *** accounts for nearly four-fifths of the global Osteoarthritis burden and increases with rising obesity and age[1].There are many reasons for the change in disease prevalence and risk factors,such as urbanization,lifestyle changes,population aging,and sex imbalances.

关键词： Osteoarthritis clinical obesity

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数字经济、全国统一大市场与国内国际双循环

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技术经济与管理研究 2024年第7期 50-55页

作者：余渭恒澳门科技大学可持续发展研究所中国澳门999078

数字经济作为新一轮科技革命与产业变革的重要战略选择,为推动国内国际双循环发展提供有力支撑。选取2012—2022年我国30个省级面板数据,构建多种计量模型,探究数字经济、全国统一大市场与国内国际双循环间的关系。检验结果显示:数字经... 详细信息

数字经济作为新一轮科技革命与产业变革的重要战略选择,为推动国内国际双循环发展提供有力支撑。选取2012—2022年我国30个省级面板数据,构建多种计量模型,探究数字经济、全国统一大市场与国内国际双循环间的关系。检验结果显示:数字经济对国内国际双循环发展具有显著促进作用。异质性检验发现,相较于南方地区,数字经济在北方地区对国内国际双循环的促进作用更明显。空间效应结果显示,数字经济对国内国际双循环发展存在显著空间溢出效应,能够助推周边地区畅通国内国际双循环。机制检验结果显示,全国统一大市场能够在数字经济赋能国内国际双循环中发挥正向调节作用。据此,应通过夯实数字经济发展基础、加快全国统一大市场建设,加速国内国际双循环发展。

关键词：数字经济国内国际双循环全国统一大市场新发展格局

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基于注意力改进残差网络结构的表情识别方法

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计算机应用与软件 2024年第8期41卷 162-167页

作者：张智魏蘅武汉科技大学计算机科学与技术学院湖北武汉430065 武汉科技大学智能信息处理与实时工业系统湖北省重点实验室湖北武汉430065

针对目前CNN在复杂图像中特征提取不充分的问题,提出一种基于注意力的改进残差网络的表情识别网络。设计一个双流网络在完成粗特征表情识别的同时检测关键点,并使用注意力机制增大关键点周边特征的权重。随后以残差网络为基础模型,改进... 详细信息

针对目前CNN在复杂图像中特征提取不充分的问题,提出一种基于注意力的改进残差网络的表情识别网络。设计一个双流网络在完成粗特征表情识别的同时检测关键点,并使用注意力机制增大关键点周边特征的权重。随后以残差网络为基础模型,改进残差块之间的跳跃连接方式,并将残差块中的普通卷积改进为分组卷积来强化特征提取能力。最后联合两个表情识别网络进行分类,实验结果验证了该模型方案有着更卓越的性能。

关键词：人脸表情识别残差网络注意力机制分组卷积

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Overexpression of PbrGA2ox1 enhances pear drought tolerance through the regulation of GA3-inhibited reactive oxygen species detoxification and abscisic acid signaling

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2024年第9期 2989-3011页

作者： Guoling Guo Haiyan Zhang weiyu Dong Bo Xu Youyu Wang Qingchen Zhao Lun Liu Xiaomei Tang Li Liu Zhenfeng Ye wei heng Liwu Zhu Bing Jia School of Horticulture Anhui Agricultural University Anhui Wanbang Pharmaceutical Technology Co. Ltd. Science and Technology Department Anhui Agricultural University Hunan Suncas Agriculture Science Co. Ltd.

Drought stress is a devastating natural disaster driven by the continuing intensification of global warming, which seriously threatens the productivity and quality of several horticultural crops, including pear. Gibberellins(GAs)play crucial roles in plant growth, development, and responses to drought stress. Previous studies have shown significant reductions of GA levels in plants under drought stress; however, our understanding of the intrinsic regulation mechanisms of GA-mediated drought stress in pear remains very limited. Here, we show that drought stress can impair the accumulation of bioactive GAs(BGAs), and subsequently identified PbrGA2ox1 as a chloroplast-localized GA deactivation gene. This gene was significantly induced by drought stress and abscisic acid(ABA) treatment, but was suppressed by GA3 treatment. PbrGA2ox1-overexpressing transgenic tobacco plants(Nicotiana benthamiana) exhibited enhanced tolerance to dehydration and drought stresses, whereas knockdown of PbrGA2ox1 in pear(Pyrus betulaefolia) by virus-induced gene silencing led to elevated drought *** plants were hypersensitive to ABA, and had a lower BGAs content, enhanced reactive oxygen species(ROS) scavenging ability, and augmented ABA accumulation and signaling under drought stress compared to wildtype plants. However, the opposite effects were observed with PbrGA2ox1 silencing in pear. Moreover, exogenous GA3 treatment aggravated the ROS toxic effect and restrained ABA synthesis and signaling, resulting in the compromised drought tolerance of pear. In summary, our results shed light on the mechanism by which BGAs are eliminated in pear leaves under drought stress, providing further insights into the mechanism regulating the effects of GA on the drought tolerance of plants.

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人类增强的技术谱系与伦理议题——兼论“人-技术”关系

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科学技术哲学研究 2024年第3期41卷 76-83页

作者：王昊晟李恒威中共浙江省委党校哲学教研部杭州311121 浙江大学文学院杭州310058 浙江大学哲学学院杭州310058

人类增强致力于通过科学技术手段改善或增强人类的生理和心智能力。我们正见证一个从自然界赋予的“先天增强”向技术驱动的“后天增强”的转变。然而,这一转变也带来了复杂的伦理挑战,这些挑战不仅涉及技术本身的发展,还涉及对个人和... 详细信息

人类增强致力于通过科学技术手段改善或增强人类的生理和心智能力。我们正见证一个从自然界赋予的“先天增强”向技术驱动的“后天增强”的转变。然而,这一转变也带来了复杂的伦理挑战,这些挑战不仅涉及技术本身的发展,还涉及对个人和社会的深远影响。因此,文章尝试对人类增强的技术谱系及其伦理议题进行更全景的扫描:(1)梳理当前主要的人类增强技术,并从支撑技术、增强类型、技术成熟度三个维度进行谱系分类;(2)探讨人类增强技术的伦理议题,包括自我所有权、公平正义、物种存续等,揭示人类增强技术在个体、社群和物种三个尺度上对人类的影响;(3)更广义地对“人-技术”关系进行哲学审视,解读人类与技术之间日益紧密且复杂的关系,以期实现技术与人类之间平衡、和谐的协同演化和反身演化。

关键词：人类增强伦理议题人类中心主义超人类主义赛博格 “人-技术”关系

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