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Geochemical models of core-mantle differentiation

Acta Geochimica 2022年第4期41卷 607-624页

作者： Qiong Li Wei Du State Key Laboratory of Ore Deposit Geochemistry Institute of GeochemistryChinese Academy of SciencesGuiyang550081China School of Earth and Planetary Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China Center for Excellence in Comparative Planetology Chinese Academy of SciencesHefei230026China

The core-mantle differentiation process is one of the most significant events in the Earth’s early history,which profoundly affects the Earth’s internal structure.According to the simple core-mantle differentiation mechanism,elements such as iron and nickel should be extracted from silicate to form an iron-rich proto-core,and the residual silicate materials form the proto-mantle.However,the composition of the lower mantle and the core remains controversial,which largely affects the partition of elements,thus the referred differentiation process of the Earth.In recent years,many experimental studies on the partition coefficient of siderophile elements between metal and silicate under high-temperature and high-pressure conditions have put forward new ideas on the issues around Earth’s core-mantle differentiation.Meanwhile,some researchers suggested that the redox state of the Earth’s mantle changes during its formation and evolution,and many isotope geochemistry studies support that some enstatite chondrites have a common nebular precursor as the Earth.These new studies bring dispute on the Earth’s building materials,which dominates the core-mantle differentiation process and largely affects the partitioning behaviors of elements during the core-mantle differentiation.This chapter aims to review recent experimental studies on the siderophile element geochemistry and discussions on the Earth’s building blocks.

关键词： Proto-Earth Siderophile element Earth’s building block High-temperature and high-pressure experiment Enstatite chondrite

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Petrogenesis of the Lunar volcanic glasses and Mg-suite:constraints on a post-magma-ocean cumulate overturn

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Acta Geochimica 2022年第4期41卷 717-729页

作者： Rui Li Wei Du Jing Yang Center for Lunar and Planetary Sciences Institute of GeochemistryChinese Academy of Sciences550081GuiyangChina State Key Laboratory of Ore Deposit Geochemistry Institute of GeochemistryChinese Academy of Sciences550081GuiyangChina University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 100049BeijingChina Center for Excellence in Comparative Planetology Chinese Academy of Sciences230026HefeiChina

The lunar volcanic glasses and Mg-suite rocks represent the early enigmatic episodes of lunar magmatism.due to the gravitational instability of the Fe-Ti enriched(±KREEP)layer,which is formed at the later stage of fractional crystallization,a post-magma-ocean cumulate overturn occurred contemporaneously or near-contemporaneously with the lunar magma ocean(LMO)solidification.The radioactive elements within the KREEP layer were transferred downward and provided continuous energy for the partial melting of the Moon’s interior.The melt from the Moon’s interior and those from decompression melting,in turn,provide source magma for the origin of lunar volcanic glasses and Mg-suite.However,experimental and theoretical studies on the formation process of lunar volcanic glasses and Mg-suite show that the origin of their parental magma is poorly constrained,which largely depends on the initial depth and composition of the LMO.This review examines the mineralogy,petrogenesis,and distribution of lunar volcanic glasses and Mg-suite.Combining with existing models,we constrain the degree,distribution,and timescale of lunar mantle overturn and explore their relationship with later stages of LMO differentiation.We propose an updated chemical composition of the lunar interior,which provides a useful reference for estimating the bulk composition and early differentiation of the Moon and the early Earth.

关键词： Lunar magma ocean Overturn Lunar volcanic glasses Mg-suite

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Effects of excess fluid administration and dehydration treatment on venous return in canine model of septic shock

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Chinese Medical Journal 2022年第23期135卷 2872-2874页

作者： Wei Du Jianhua Sun Huan Chen Department of Critical Care Medicine Peking Union Medical College HospitalPeking Union Medical CollegeChinese Academy of Medical SciencesDongcheng DistrictBeijing 100730China

To the Editor:Current guidelines recommend resuscitation with≥30 mL/kg of crystalloid fluid immediately upon recognition of septic shock patients.[1]However,compliance with sepsis bundles requiring fluid administration to pre-specified goals has failed to improve mortality when compared with non-protocolized resuscitation.[2]An inappropriate fluid administration dosage,whether insuf-ficient or excessive,will increase the risk of harm.To our knowledge,few studies have been performed to evaluate the hemodynamic status during standard fluid resuscitation,fluid overload,and dehydration treatment in sepsis.Additionally,little is known about the relationship between fluid administration and altered hemodynamic states,especially changes in venous return,in sepsis.The usefulness of the mean systemic filling pressure(Pmsf)in guiding hemodynamic therapy has been investigated in recent studies.The mean systemic filling pressure(Pmsf)is determined by both vascular filling and vascular tone and the difference between Pmsf and central venous pressure(CVP)represents the driving pressure for the return of blood to the heart and thus for cardiac output(CO).

关键词： dehydration shock excess

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From text to image:challenges in integrating vision into ChatGPT for medical image interpretation

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第2期20卷 487-488页

作者： Shunsuke Koga Wei Du Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Hospital of the University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA

Large language models(LLMs),such as ChatGPT developed by OpenAI,represent a significant advancement in artificial intelligence(AI),designed to understand,generate,and interpret human language by analyzing extensive text data.Their potential integration into clinical settings offers a promising avenue that could transform clinical diagnosis and decision-making processes in the future(Thirunavukarasu et al.,2023).This article aims to provide an in-depth analysis of LLMs’current and potential impact on clinical practices.Their ability to generate differential diagnosis lists underscores their potential as invaluable tools in medical practice and education(Hirosawa et al.,2023;Koga et al.,2023).

关键词： image diagnosis text

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Switching from 2-pyridination to difluoromethylation:ligand-enabled nickel-catalyzed reductive difluoromethylation of aryl iodides with difluoromethyl 2-pyridyl sulfone

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中国科学:化学英文版 2023年第10期66卷 2785-2790页

作者： Wei Du Qinyu Luo Zhiqiang wei Xiu Wang Chuanfa Ni Jinbo Hu Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry Shanghai Institute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200032China

The divergent reductive cross-coupling with an ambident electrophile is rare.Previously,we demonstrated a nickel-catalyzed reductive 2-pyridination of aryl iodides with difluoromethyl 2-pyridyl sulfone(2-Py SO_(2)CF_(2)H)via selective C(sp^(2))-S bond cleavage of the sulfone by using a phosphine ligand.In this communication,we report a novel nickel-catalyzed reductive coupling of aryl iodides and 2-Py SO_(2)CF_(2)H reagent,which constitutes a new method for aromatic difluoromethylation.The use of a tridentate terpyridine ligand is pivotal for the selective C(sp^(3))-S bond cleavage of the sulfone.This method employs readily available nickel catalyst and 2-Py SO_(2)CF_(2)H as the difluoromethylation reagent,providing a facile access to difluoromethylarenes under mild reaction conditions without pre-generation of arylmetal reagents.

关键词： nickel catalysis difluoromethylation 2-PySO_(2)CF_(2)H reductive cross-coupling

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Central venous pressure value can assist in adjusting norepinephrine dosage after the initial resuscitation of septic shock

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Chinese Medical Journal 2019年第10期132卷 1159-1165页

作者： Dong-Kai Li Wei Du Department of Critical Care Medicine Peking Union Medical College Hospital Peking Union Medical College Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Beijing 100730 China

Background: New definitions for sepsis and septic shock (Sepsis-3) were published, but the strategy to adjust vasopressors a initial guidelines is still unclear. We conducted a retrospective observational study to explore dosing strategy of norepinephrine (NE). Methods: A retrospective observational study in the 15-bed mixed intensive care unit of a tertiary care university hospital. The study was performed on septic shock patients after 30 mL/kg fluid resuscitation and mean arterial pressure (MAP) levels reached >65 mmHg requiring NE. We divided patients into NE dosage increase and decrease groups, and collected hemodynamic and tissue perfusion parameters before (Tl) and after (T2) adjusting NE dosage. Results: In both NE increase and decrease groups, central venous pressure (CVP) and pressure difference between usual MAP and MAP (dMAP) at the T1 time point were associated with lactate clearance. In groups LC HM (CVP 10 mmHg, dMAP > 0 mmHg), decrease in NE dosage decreased lactate level, while in group HC LM (CVP >10 mmHg, dMAP < 0 mmHg), both increase and decrease in NE dosage led to increase lactate level. Conclusions: After patients with septic shock (Sepsis-3) resuscitated to reach the initial recovery target goals, combination of CVP and MAP refer to usual levels can help doctors make the next decision to make the correct choice of increase NE dosage or decrease NE dosage.

关键词： Septic shock Vasopressors Central venous pressure Hemodynamics

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A new meshless approach for bending analysis of thin plates with arbitrary shapes and boundary conditions

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Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2022年第1期16卷 75-85页

作者： Wei Du Xiaohua ZHAO Huiming HOU Zhen WANG Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Shantou UniversityShantou 515063China Key Laboratory of Structure and Wind Tunnel of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes Shantou 515063China

An efficient and meshfree approach is proposed for the bending analysis of thin plates.The approach is based on the choice of a set of interior points,for each of which a basis function can be defined.Plate deflection is then approximated as the linear combination of those basis functions.Unlike traditional meshless methods,present basis functions are defined in the whole domain and satisfy the governing differential equation for plate.Therefore,no domain integration is needed,while the unknown coefficients of deflection expression could be determined through boundary conditions by using a collocation point method.Both efficiency and accuracy of the approach are shown through numerical results of plates with arbitrary shapes and boundary conditions under various loads.

关键词： plate bending meshless method collocation

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A model of crust-mantle differentiation for the early Earth

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Acta Geochimica 2022年第4期41卷 689-703页

作者： Qingwen Zhang Dan Zhu Wei Du Yun Liu State Key Laboratory of Ore Deposit Geochemistry Institute of GeochemistryChinese Academy of SciencesGuiyang550081China International Center for Planetary Science College of Earth SciencesChengdu University of TechnologyChengdu610059China

The Archean continents,primarily composed of the felsic tonalite-trondhjemite-granodiorite(TTG)suite,were formed or conserved since~3.8 Ga,with significant growth of the continental crust since~2.7 Ga.The difficulty in direct differentiation of the felsic crustal components from Earth’s mantle peridotite leads to a requirement for the presence of a large amount of hydrated mafic precursor of TTG in Earth’s proto-crust,the origin of which,however,remains elusive.The mafic proto-crust may have formed as early as~4.4 Ga ago as reflected by the Hf and Nd isotopic signals from Earth’s oldest geological records.Such a significant time lag between the formation of the mafic proto-crust and the occurrence of felsic continental crust is not reconciled with a single-stage scenario of Earth’s early differentiation.Here,inspired by the volcanism-dominated heat-pipe tectonics witnessed on Jupiter’s moon Io and the resemblances of the intensive internal heating and active magmatism between the early Earth and the present-day Io,we present a conceptual model of Earth’s early crust-mantle differentiation,which involves an Io-like scenario of efficient extraction of a mafic proto-crust from the early mantle,followed by an intrusion-dominating regime that could account for the subsequent formation of the felsic continents as Earth cools.The model thus allows an early formation of the preTTG proto-crust and the generation of TTG in the continent by providing the favorable conditions for its subsequent melting.This model is consistent with the observed early fractionation of the Earth and the late but rapid formation and/or accumulation of the felsic components in the Archean continents,thus sheds new light on the early Earth’s differentiation and tectonic evolution.

关键词： Crust-mantle differentiation Heat-pipe tectonics Plutonic squishy lid tectonics Proto-crust TTG Io

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新时代美育与艺术教育:从北京舞蹈学院本科教学审核评估谈起--杜卫访谈

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北京舞蹈学院学报 2019年第6期 8-11页

作者：杜卫安静杭州师范大学艺术教育研究院杭州311121 中央民族大学文学与新闻传播学院北京100081

文章认为北京舞蹈学院持续引领中国舞蹈文化发展,构筑起中国舞蹈高端人才的培养高地,建设了各专业课程体系,培养出这些舞种的领军人物。在未来发展进程中,北京舞蹈学院还需要进一步提升对本科人才培养规格的认识,营造加强舞蹈人才的知... 详细信息

文章认为北京舞蹈学院持续引领中国舞蹈文化发展,构筑起中国舞蹈高端人才的培养高地,建设了各专业课程体系,培养出这些舞种的领军人物。在未来发展进程中,北京舞蹈学院还需要进一步提升对本科人才培养规格的认识,营造加强舞蹈人才的知识水平和人文素养培养的氛围,真正实现校训中"文舞相融"的目标。文章由此展开艺术教育与美育的话题,并认为在新时代的美育事业中,我国学者需要弘扬中华美育精神,深入反思西方美学,才能为新时代立德树人的教育事业贡献力量。

关键词：北京舞蹈学院艺术教育美育中华美育精神立德树人

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Personalized aspheric intraocular lens implantation based on corneal spherical aberration: a review

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2019年第11期12卷 1788-1792页

作者： Wei Du wei Lou Qiang Wu Department of Ophthalmology Shang hai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital

With the evolution of cataract surgery from visual rehabilitation to refractive surgery, aspheric intraocular lenses(IOLs) are being increasingly used in the field of ophthalmology. This increased use can be attributed to negative or zero spherical aberrations with unique optical designs, which counteract some of the positive spherical aberrations of the cornea. These alterations reduce the total spherical aberration of human eyes and improve the visual acuity in patients with cataract postoperatively. At present, various types of aspheric IOLs are used worldwide. Although the implantation of aspheric IOL is beneficial to the patients who need correction of spherical aberrations, much controversy is still associated with ocular residual spherical aberrations that facilitate the best visual quality for patients postoperatively. In order to provide reference for future clinical work and scientific research, this report reviews the relationship between the ocular residual spherical aberration of human eyes and visual quality.

关键词： corneal spherical aberration aspheric intraocular lens visual quality

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