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Neuromorphic computing with memristive devices

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2018年第6期61卷 136-144页

作者： Wen MA Mohammed A.ZIdAN wei d.lu department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Michigan

Technology advances in the last a few decades have resulted in profound changes in our society, from workplaces to living rooms to how we socialize with each other. These changes in turn drive further technology developments, as the exponential growth of data demands ever increasing computing power. However, improvements in computing capacity from device scaling alone is no longer sufficient, and new materials, devices, and architectures likely need to be developed collaboratively to meet present and future computing needs. Specifically, devices that offer co-located memory and computing characteristics,as represented by memristor devices and memristor-based computing systems, have attracted broad interest in the last decade. Besides tremendous appeal in data storage applications, memristors offer the potential for efficient hardware realization of neuromorphic computing architectures that can effectively address the memory and energy walls faced by conventional von Neumann computing architectures. In this review, we evaluate the state-of-the-art in memristor devices and systems, and highlight the potential and challenges of applying such devices and architectures in neuromorphic computing applications. New directions that can lead to general, efficient in-memory computing systems will also be discussed.

关键词： memristor resistive random-access-memory(RRAM) neuromorphic computing non-von Neumann process in-memory

Neural connectivity inference with spike-timing dependent plasticity network

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2021年第6期64卷 70-79页

作者： John MOON Yuting WU Xiaojian ZHU wei d.lu department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Michigan

Knowing the connectivity patterns in neural circuitry is essential to understand the operating mechanism of the brain, as it allows the analysis of how neural signals are processed and flown through the neural system. With the recent advances in neural recording technologies in terms of channel size and time resolution, a simple and efficient system to perform neural connectivity inference is highly desired, which will enable the process of high dimensional neural activity recording data and reduction of the computational time and cost. In this work, we show that the spike-timing dependent plasticity(STdP) algorithm can be used to reconstruct neural connectivity patterns in a biological neural network, with higher accuracy and efficiency than statistic-based inference methods. The biologically inspired STdP learning rules are natively implemented in a second-order memristor network and are used to estimate the type and the direction of neural connections. When stimulated by the recorded neural spike trains, the memristor device conductance is modulated by the proposed STdP learning rules, which in turn reflects the correlation of the spikes and the possibility of neural connections. By compensating for the different levels of neural activity, highly reliable inference performance can be achieved. The proposed approach offers real-time and local learning, resulting in reduced computational cost/time and strong tolerance to variations of the neural system.

关键词： spike-timing dependent plasticity neural connectivity memristor online learning second-order memristor

Emerging role of regulated cell death in intestinal failure-associated liver disease

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic diseases International 2024年第3期23卷 228-233页

作者： Si-Yang Cheng lu Jiang Ying Wang wei Cai department of Pediatric Surgery Xinhua HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200092China Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition Shanghai 200092China Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research Shanghai 200092China division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition Xinhua HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200092China

Intestinal failure-associated liver disease(IFALd)is a common complication of long-term parenteral nutrition that is associated with significant morbidity and mortality.It is mainly characterized by cholestasis in children and steatohepatitis in adults.Unfortunately,there is no effective approach to prevent or reverse the disease.Regulated cell death(RCd)represents a fundamental biological paradigm that determines the outcome of a variety of liver diseases.Nowadays cell death is reclassified into several types,based on the mechanisms and morphological phenotypes.Emerging evidence has linked different modes of RCd,such as apoptosis,necroptosis,ferroptosis,and pyroptosis to the pathogenesis of liver diseases.Recent studies have shown that different modes of RCd are present in animal models and patients with IFALd.Understanding the pathogenic roles of cell death may help uncover the underlying mechanisms and develop novel therapeutic strategies in IFALd.In this review,we discuss the current knowledge on how RCd may link to the pathogenesis of IFALd.We highlight examples of cell death-targeted interventions aiming to attenuate the disease,and provide perspectives for future basic and translational research in the field.

关键词： Parenteral nutrition Apoptosis Necroptosis Cholestasis Steatosis

Optical scattering imaging with sub-nanometer precision based on position-ultra-sensitive giant Lamb shift

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2024年第6期67卷 96-105页

作者： Zeyang Liao Yu-wei lu wei Li Xue-Hua Wang State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies School of PhysicsSun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510275China Quantum Science Center of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area(Guangdong) Shenzhen 518045China

The Lamb shift of a quantum emitter in close proximity to a plasmonic nanostructure can be three or more orders of magnitude larger than that in the free space and is ultra-sensitive to the emitter position and polarization.We demonstrate that this large Lamb shift can be sensitively observed from the scattering or absorption spectrum dip shift of the coupled system when the plasmonic nanoparticle or tip scans the emitter.Using these observations,we propose a scanning optical scattering imaging method based on the plasmonic-enhanced Lamb shift with achieves sub-nanometer resolution.Our method is based on the scattering or absorption spectrum of the plasmon-emitter coupling system,which is free of the fluorescence quenching problem and easier to implement in a plasmon-emitter coupling system.In addition,our scheme works even if the quantum emitter is slightly below the dielectric surface,which can bring about broader applications,such as detecting atoms and molecules or quantum dots above or under a surface.

关键词： Lamb shift plasmon optical scattering imaging

drug repurposing screening and mechanism analysis based on human colorectal cancer organoids

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Protein & Cell 2024年第4期15卷 285-304页

作者： Yunuo Mao wei Wang Jingwei Yang Xin Zhou Yongqu lu Junpeng Gao Xiao Wang lu Wen wei Fu Fuchou Tang School of Life Sciences Biomedical Pioneering Innovation CenterDepartment of General SurgeryThird HospitalPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics(ICG) Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and DifferentiationBeijing 100871China Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China Peking University Third Hospital Cancer Center Beijing 100871China The Research Center of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine School of Basic Medical SciencesCheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinan 250012China

Colorectal cancer(CRC)is a highly heterogeneous cancer and exploring novel therapeutic options is a pressing issue that needs to be addressed.Here,we established human CRC tumor-derived organoids that well represent both morphological and molecular heterogeneities of original tumors.To efficiently identify repurposed drugs for CRC,we developed a robust organoid-based drug screening system.By combining the repurposed drug library and computation-based drug prediction,335 drugs were tested and 34 drugs with anti-CRC effects were identified.More importantly,we conducted a detailed transcriptome analysis of drug responses and divided the drug response signatures into five representative patterns:differentiation induction,growth inhibition,metabolism inhibition,immune response promotion,and cell cycle inhibition.The anticancer activities of drug candidates were further validated in the established patient-derived organoids-based xenograft(PdOX)system in vivo.We found that fedratinib,trametinib,and bortezomib exhibited effective anticancer effects.Furthermore,the concordance and discordance of drug response signatures between organoids in vitro and pairwise PdOX in vivo were evaluated.Our study offers an innovative approach for drug discovery,and the representative transcriptome features of drug responses provide valuable resources for developing novel clinical treatments for CRC.

关键词： colorectal cancer organoids drug repurposing patient-derived organoids-based xenograft mechanism of action

Modulated-ISRJ rejection using online dictionary learning for synthetic aperture radar imagery

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Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics 2024年第2期35卷 316-329页

作者： wei Shaopeng ZHANG Lei lu Jingyue LIU Hongwei College of Oceanography and Space Informatics China University of Petroleum(East China)Qingdao 266580China School of Electronics Engineering Xidian UniversityXi’an 710071China School of Electronics and Communication Engineering Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 518107China School of Computer Science and Technology Xidian UniversityXi’an 710071China

In electromagnetic countermeasures circumstances,synthetic aperture radar(SAR)imagery usually suffers from severe quality degradation from modulated interrupt sampling repeater jamming(MISRJ),which usually owes considerable coherence with the SAR transmission waveform together with periodical modulation patterns.This paper develops an MISRJ suppression algorithm for SAR imagery with online dictionary learning.In the algorithm,the jamming modulation temporal properties are exploited with extracting and sorting MISRJ slices using fast-time autocorrelation.Online dictionary learning is followed to separate real signals from jamming slices.Under the learned representation,time-varying MISRJs are suppressed effectively.Both simulated and real-measured SAR data are also used to confirm advantages in suppressing time-varying MISRJs over traditional methods.

关键词： synthetic aperture radar(SAR) modulated interrupt sampling jamming(MISRJ) online dictionary learning

Application of total keratometry in ten intraocular lens power calculation formulas in highly myopic eyes

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Eye and Vision 2024年第2期10卷 22-30页

作者： Ling wei Kaiwen Cheng Wenwen He Xiangjia Zhu Yi lu department of Ophthalmology and Eye Institute Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan UniversityShanghai 200031China Key Laboratory of Myopia(Fudan University)Key Laboratory of MyopiaShanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration National Health CommissionChinese Academy of Medical ScienceShanghai 200031China State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology Fudan UniversityShanghai 200031China

Background:The accuracy of using total keratometry(TK)value in recent IOL power calculation formulas in highly myopic eyes remained unknown.Methods:Highly myopic patients who underwent uneventful cataract surgery were prospectively enrolled in this prospective comparative study.At one month postoperatively,standard deviation(Sd)of the prediction errors(PEs),mean and median absolute error(MedAE)of 103 highly myopic eyes were back-calculated and compared among ten formulas,including XGboost,RBF 3.0,Kane,Barrett Universal II,Emmetropia Verifying Optical 2.0,Cooke K6,Haigis,SRK/T,and Wang-Koch modifications of Haigis and SRK/T formulas,using either TK or standard keratometry(K)value.Results:In highly myopic eyes,despite good agreement between TK and K(P>0.05),larger differences between the two were associated with smaller central corneal thickness(Pd showed no differences compared to K method.The XGBoost,RBF 3.0 and Kane ranked top three when considering Sds of PEs.Using TK value,the XGboost calculator was comparable with the RBF 3.0 formula(P>0.05),which both presented smaller MedAEs than others(all Pd or±0.75 d of PE,the XGBoost TK showed comparable percentages with the RBF 3.0 TK formula(74.76%vs.66.99%,or 90.29%vs.87.38%,P>0.05),and statistically larger percentages than the other eight formulas(Plusions:Highly myopic eyes with thinner corneas tend to have larger differences between TK and K.The XGboost enhancement calculator and RBF 3.0 formula using TK showed the most promising outcomes in highly myopic eyes.

关键词： High myopia Total keratometry Cataract surgery IOL power calculation

Characteristics and geological significance of the stress state of the lithosphere in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and its neighboring areas

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Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第6期67卷 1836-1855页

作者： Qianwen ZHANG Ya XU wei CHU Shupeng lu Key Lab of Petroleum Resource Research Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China College of Earth and Planetary Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

The present-day lithospheric stress state of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and neighboring areas is controlled by both the lithosphere itself and the underlying mantle.In other words,the stress is affected by the gravitational potential energy(GPE)difference caused by the change in the density distribution within the lithosphere and the drag force on the base of the lithosphere caused by mantle convection.The study of the lithospheric stress state plays an important role in further understanding the dynamic background and mechanism for the evolution of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.In this study,the Crust1.0 crustal density model combined with the S40RTS mantle shear wave velocity variation model was used to calculate the GPE.The EGM2008gravity field model was used to calculate the drag force from mantle convection at the base of the lithosphere.The lithospheric and joint stress fields of the two sources were obtained by solving the force balance under the thin sheet approximation.This way,we could comprehensively analyze the characteristics of the stress state within the Plateau.Six regions were classified according to the GPE stress field,mantle drag force stress field,the relative magnitude of the two stress fields,and correlation between the two stress fields and surface deformation.The lithospheric stress fields of the Tarim Basin and other stable blocks are mainly controlled by the GPE difference.The lithospheric stress field in the collision zone between the Indian Plate and the QinghaiTibetan Plateau is predominantly controlled by the deep mantle drag force.The lithospheric stress field in the interior of the Plateau is controlled by both GPE and mantle drag.The correlation between the lithospheric stress field and surface deformation at the southeast margin of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau is poor.It is hypothesized that the presence of lower crustal flow with lower effective viscosity leads to crust-mantle decoupling,and the mantle drag force has a weaker influence on the shallow crust,resulting in the incons

关键词： Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Gravitational potential energy Mantle convection Lithospheric deviatoric stress field GPS strain rate field

Security estimation of LWE via BKW algorithms

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Cybersecurity 2024年第1期7卷 71-87页

作者： Yu wei Lei Bi Xianhui lu Kunpeng Wang SKLOIS Institute of Information EngineeringCASBeijingChina School of Cyber Security University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina

The Learning With Errors(LWE)problem is widely used in lattice-based cryptography,which is the most promising post-quantum cryptography direction.There are a variety of LWE-solving methods,which can be classified into four groups:lattice methods,algebraic methods,combinatorial methods,and exhaustive searching.The Blum–Kalai–Wasserman(BKW)algorithm is an important variety of combinatorial algorithms,which was first presented for solving the Learning Parity With Noise(LPN)problem and then extended to solve LWE.In this paper,we give an overview of BKW algorithms for solving LWE.We introduce the framework and key techniques of BKW algorithms and make comparisons between different BKW algorithms and also with lattice methods by estimating concrete security of specific LWE instances.We also briefly discuss the current problems and potential future directions of BKW algorithms.

关键词： Post-quantum cryptography Learning with errors problem Lattice-based cryptography Security estimation