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Pain Relief in Labour: How Can We Improve Intrapartum Care?

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2016年第13期6卷 785-793页

作者： Sally Byford Edward weaver Nambour General Hospital Nambour Australia University of Queensland Brisbane Australia

Background: Pain in labour is perceived differently for every individual. We can improve the outcomes and patient satisfaction with intrapartum care by ensuring adequate education and appropriate use of requested pain relief options. Encouraging informed personal control contributes to a women’s overall satisfaction. Aims: To assess current practice and identify improvement areas in the perception, planning and use of pain relief options, and how this impacts satisfaction of pain relief in labour. Methods: 114 retrospective anonymous patient questionnaires were returned by women delivering by spontaneous vaginal delivery, instrumental delivery or emergency caesarean section at Nambour General Hospital between April and July 2011. Data were collated and analysed using STATA. Results: 83% and 65% of women had their pain relief options explained antenatally and on admission respectively. 92% reported their pain relief was adequately provided. There was a significant difference (p Conclusions: Education of pain relief options for labour antenatally and on birth suite admission, with adequate discussion and documentation of their wishes encourages informed planning and use of pain relief. This promotes personal choice and control, resulting in improved overall satisfaction of pain relief in labour.

关键词： Pain Relief Childbirth Labour

Validation of basaltic glass adsorption capabilities from geothermal arsenic in a basaltic aquifer: A case study from Bjarnarflag power Station,Iceland

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Geoscience Frontiers 2019年第5期10卷 1743-1753页

作者： K.C. weaver M.A. Hoque S.M. Amin S.H. Markússon A.P. Butler Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Imperial College LondonLondonSW7 2BUUnited Kingdom School of Geography Environment and Earth SciencesVictoria University of WellingtonWellingtonNew Zealand School of Earth and Environmental Sciences University of PortsmouthPortsmouth PO1 3QLUnited Kingdom Gas Sustainability Technology Group Research and TechnologyProject Delivery and TechnologyPetronasMalaysia Landsvirkjun Háaleitisbraut 68103 ReykjavíkIceland

Arsenic is a carcinogen known for its acute toxicity to *** waters are commonly high in arsenic,as shown at the Bjarnarflag Power Plant,Iceland (w224 mg/kg of solvent).Development of geothermal energy requires adequate disposal of arsenic-rich waters into groundwater/geothermal *** outcome of arsenic transport models that assess the effect of geothermal effluent on the environment and ecosystems may be influenced by the sensitivity of hydraulic ***,previous such studies in Iceland do not consider the sensitivity of hydraulic parameters and thereby the interpretations remain *** we used the Lake Myvatn basaltic aquifer system as a case study to identify the sensitive hydraulic parameters and assess their role in arsenic *** develop a one-dimensional reactive transport model (PHREEQC ver.2.),using geochemical data from Bjarnarflag,*** our model,arsenite (H3AsO3) was predicted to be the dominant species of inorganic arsenic in both groundwater and geothermal *** reduced arsenic concentration beloww5 mg/*** reduced the residual contamination below w0.4 mg/kg at 250 m along *** on our modelling,we found volumetric input to be the most sensitive parameter in the *** addition,the adsorption strength of basaltic glass was such that the physical hydrogeological parameters,namely: groundwater velocity and longitudinal dispersivity had little influence on the concentration profile.

关键词： Geothermal Groundwater Hydrogeochemistry Arsenic Modelling

Preclinical and clinical studies on cancer-associated cachexia

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Frontiers in Biology 2018年第1期13卷 11-18页

作者： D. Brooke Widner D. Clark Files Kathryn E. weaver Yusuke Shiozawa Department of Cancer Biology and Comprehensive Cancer Center Wake Forest School of Medicine Winston-Salem NC 27157 USA Internal Medicine-Sections inPulmonaryand Critical Care Medicine and Geriatrics and the Critical Illness Injury and Recovery Research Center Wake Forest School of Medicine W~nston-Salem NC 27157 USA Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy and Comprehensive Cancer Center of Wake Forest University Wake Forest School of Medicine Wtnston-Salem NC 27157 USA

BACKGROUND： Cancer cachexia is the wasting condition that is often seen in advanced stage cancer patients. This wasting is largely attributable to a systemic and progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass that greatly hinders performance of normal daily activities, resulting in reduced quality of life. Moreover, it negatively influences the prognosis of cancer patients. A general consensus in the field is that the loss of muscle mass is due both to an increase in protein degradation and a decrease in protein synthesis. Recent studies using preclinical models for studying cachexia have been useful in identifying the contribution of inflammatory cytokines （e.g. tumor necrosis factor-a and Interleukin-6）, and myostatin receptors （e.g. the type IIB activin receptor） to cachexia development, and have led to several clinical trials. However, many questions remain about the molecular mechanisms thought to play a role in the development of cachexia. METHODS： We conducted a literature search using search engines, such as PubMed and Google Scholar to identify publications within the cancer cachexia field. RESULTS- We summarized our current knowledge of： 1） the driving mechanisms of cancer cachexia, 2） the preclinical models available for studying the condition, and 3） the findings of recent clinical trials. CONCLUSION： Cancer cachexia is a complex and variable condition that currently has no standard effective therapeutic treatment. Further studies are desperately needed to better understand this condition and develop effective combination treatments for patients.

关键词： cancer cachexia muscle wasting bodyweight loss metabolic changes increased protein degradation decreased protein synthesis

By Chance or Design? On the Locations of Controversial Billboards in Urban Ohio during the 2012 Election

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Applied Mathematics 2012年第12期3卷 2048-2055页

作者： R. Christopher weaver Department of Geography University at Buffalo Buffalo USA

The 2012 American Presidential Election was preceded by widespread efforts to promote stronger voting requirements in states across the nation. In one case, a private, anonymous foundation purchased advertising spots on billboards in urban Ohio to communicate that voter fraud is a felony punishable by fines and imprisonment. This action drew criticism from civil rights groups, who argued that a majority of the billboards were located in minority census tracts, and that the advertisements utilized intimidating language and imagery. This article applies probability theory to the debate in order to determine the likelihood that the observed patterns of billboards in two cities—Cleveland and Columbus—could have occurred by chance. First, simulation is employed to compare the observed allocations of billboards to white and non-white census tracts to patterns generated under Complete Spatial Randomness (CSR). Second, simulation draws from probit regression models, in which the dependent variable is the presence of a billboard within a census tract, are used to generate distributions of first differences between1) the expected value of the dependent variable given that the census tract is majority white and2) the expected value of the dependent variable given that the census tract is majority non-white. The results suggest that the billboard locations in Cleveland were not significantly different from patterns produced under CSR, and that the probability of a given census tract containing a billboard is not significantly different for white and non-white majority tracts. The opposite inferences are made for Columbus.

关键词： Politics Race Voting Simulation Probability Applications

Impacts of low level aflatoxin in feed and the use of modified yeast cell wall extract on growth and health of nursery pigs

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Animal Nutrition 2015年第3期1卷 177-183页

作者： Yawang Sun Inkyung Park Jiyao Guo Alexandra C.weaver Sung Woo Kim Department of Animal Science North Carolina State University

This study was to investigate the effect of corn naturally contaminated with aflatoxins(AF)under the regulatory level on the growth performance and health of nursery pigs,and the efficiency of yeast cell wall based feed additive(YC)mainly composed ofβ-glucans and mannan oligosaccharide(MOS)(Integral A+,Alltech,Lexington,KY)in prevention of ***(60 barrows and 60 gilts at 6.02 ± 0.83kg BW)were randomly allotted to 4 treatments in a randomized complete block design based on a 2×2 factorial arrangement with 10 pens(5 barrow and 5 gilt pens)per treatment and 3 pigs per *** were fed experimental diets for 5 *** factor was AF(0 or 20 mg/kg in feed)and the second factor was YC(0 or 2 g/kg in feed).Feed intake and body weight were measured weekly,and blood samples were used to measure blood cell counts,immunoglobulin G(Ig G),tumor necrosis factor-a(TNF-a),oxidative damage status,and serological evaluation related to liver *** decreased(P<0.05)the number of platelet count(247.4 to 193.5×10~3/μL),and it also tended to increase the level of albumin(P=0.055,3.46 to 3.63 g/d L),albumin:globulin ratio(P=0.050,2.09 to 2.37),and Ca(P=0.080,10.79 to 10.97 mg/d L).Yeast cell wall based feed additive increased(P < 0.05)ADG(493 to 524 g/d),and ADFI(796 to 846 g/d)of pigs whereas G:F was not affected,and it also tended to increase(P=0.055)albumin level(3.46 to 3.63 g/d L).Interactions(P < 0.05)on hemoglobin,hematocrit,and platelet count indicated that YC further increased their levels when pigs were eating AF contaminated ***(P < 0.05)on urea nitrogen and blood urea N to creatinine ratio indicated that YC further decreased their levels when feed were contaminated with *** conclusion,low level of 20 mg AF/kg under the regulatory level had minor effects on hematology without affecting growth performance,however the supplementation of 2 g/kg YC as a source ofβ-glucans and MOS in feed can improve feed intake and therefore the growth of pi

关键词： Aflatoxin β-glucans Health MOS Nursery pigs modified yeast cell wall extract

Screening and degradation characteristics of a tylosin-degrading strain

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2020年第4期19卷 1127-1136页

作者： FENG Chang-qing CHENG Deng-miao FENG Yao QI Wei-ning JIA Zhen-hu Louise weaver LIU Yuan-wang LI Zhao-jun College of Life Science Shanxi Normal UniversityLinfen 041004P.R.China Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory for Soil Molecular EcologyInstitute of Agricultural Resources and Regional PlanningChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081P.R.China Institute of Environmental and Science Research Ltd. Christchurch Science CentreChristchurch 8041New Zealand

Antibiotics residues have been accumulating in the environment day by day due to overuse of *** antibiotic residues,such as tylosin(TYL),can cause serious environmental problems,which makes it important to eliminate TYL from the *** is important to eliminate TYL from the *** this study,a strain was isolated and purified from fermentation by-product that came from a TYL production *** TYL degrading strain was identified by its morphology,physiological and biochemical reactions and sequencing the PCR-amplified fragments of its 16 S r DNAcoding *** temperature,shaking speed,initial TYL concentration,p H and inoculum sizes were investigated under simulated conditions by using single factor *** results showed that TYL2,a high efficient strain was isolated and was identified as Brevibacillus *** degradation rate of TYL by this strain could reach to 75%with an initial concentration of 25 mg L^-1 within 7 days under conditions of 7%***(v/v,2×108 CFU m L^-1)at p H 7.0 and at 35°*** is interesting that this strain has a very strong ability to degrade the TYL in natural sewage with the degradation rate of 65%within 7 *** result could be helpful for the degradation of TYL and provide guidance for the degradation of other antibiotics.

关键词： antibiotics tylosin screening degrading strain B.borstelensis degradation characteristic

Modulation of human global/local perception by low spatial frequency filtering

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2003年第21期48卷 2336-2339页

作者： HANShihui J.A.weaver S.O.Murray KANGXiaojian E.W.Yund D.L.Woods DepartmentofPsychology CenterforBrainandCognitiveSciencesPekingUniversityBeijing100871China DepartmentofNeurology UniversityofCaliforniaatDavisVANorthernCaliforniaSystemofClinicsDavisCA95616USA

We investigated the effect of low spatial fre-quency (SF) filtering on neural substrates underlying global and local processing in the peripheral vision by measuring hemodynamic responses with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Subjects identified global or local shapes of compound letters that were either broadband in spatial- frequency spectrum or contrast balanced (CB) to removed low SFs and displayed randomly in the left or right visual fields. Attention to both broadband and CB global shapes generated stronger activation over the medial occipital cor-tex relative to local attention. Lateralized activations in association with global processing were observed over the right temporal-parietal junction for broadband stimuli whereas over the right fusiform gyrus for CB stimuli. Atten-tion to CB local shapes resulted in activations in the medial frontal cortex, bilateral inferior frontal and superior tempo-ral cortices. The results were discussed in terms of the competition between global and local information in determining brain activations in association with global/local processing of compound stimuli.

关键词：神经系统血液动力学功能磁性共振图空间频率光谱

Survey of Utah High School Football Strength and Conditioning Coaches

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Journal of Sports Science 2015年第3期3卷 117-126页

作者： Eugene Keoki weaver Mark DeBeliso Sports Performance Training Dixie Regional Medical Center lntermountain Healthcare St. George UT 84790 USA Department of Physical Education and Human Performance Southern Utah University Cedar City UT 84720 USA

Strength and conditioning coaches have become a vital part of sport programs. The majority of college and professional teams have one or more strength and conditioning coaches on their staff. Currently there is limited information on the profile of high school strength and conditioning coaches. This study provides a profile, which can be used by state athletic associations, school districts, athletic directors, and head coaches, to determine the desired criteria for high school strength and conditioning coaches. This study also provides future coaches with a guide to help them become appealing candidates for positions as high school strength and conditioning coaches. PURPOSE： The purpose of this study was to identify the individual responsible for designing and implementing the football strength and conditioning programs in Utah high schools and provide a profile of the coach and the program. METHODS： The participants were high school football strength and conditioning coaches in the state of Utah. Participants were asked to complete an online survey. RESULTS： Thirty-six percent （36/100） of the surveys were completed and useable for the study. Eighty seven percent of the respondents identified the strength and conditioning coach as their secondary position in the football program. All （n = 36） of the respondents held at least a Bachelor degree and a majority （61.1%） held a graduate degree. Physical Education was the most widely reported major in undergraduate degrees, while the majority of graduate degrees were in areas outside of the physical education/exercise field （63.6%）. A total of 64.5% of the respondents did not hold a strength and conditioning certification. Strength and conditioning experience ranged from 30 to 2 years among respondents. CONCLUSION： Within the parameters of this study, a profile of the coaches and the respective strength and conditioning programs has been provided. The data culled during this study is inconclusive with respect to the prepa

关键词： High school football Utah strength and conditioning

Outcomes of pediatric thyroidectomy:a cross-sectional evaluation

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World Journal of Pediatric Surgery 2020年第4期3卷 13-22页

作者： Sarah Azari Jackson Randolph Harry Shi Travis Hoover Daniel weaver Jillian Mattioni Sri Kiran Chennupati University of South Florida College of Medicine TampaFloridaUSA Penn State College of Medicine HersheyPennsylvaniaUSA Lehigh University BethlehemPennsylvaniaUSA Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery PCOMPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA Pediatric Otolaryngology Lehigh Valley Health NetworkAllentownPennsylvaniaUSA

Introduction Pediatric thyroidectomy is performed by a variety of surgical *** can result in a number of *** studies cite that the most common complications in children are pain and transient *** purposes of this report are to assess the adverse events of thyroidectomies performed in the pediatric population and to assess the relationship between surgical specialties and postoperative thyroidectomy *** We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of cases from January 1,2014 through November 1,2015 using the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database for patients undergoing excision of cyst or adenoma of the thyroid,unilateral thyroid lobectomy,or total *** Of the 344 patients who underwent thyroidectomy,10(2.9%)experienced at least one *** most common complications were readmission,surgical site infections,and wound *** was a statistically significant association between complication incidence and surgical specialty(p=0.006).Pediatric otolaryngology had a statistically significantly higher number of complications than pediatric surgery(p<0.008).Conclusion Overall,the incidence of adverse events following pediatric thyroidectomy was low.

关键词： pediatric wound sectional