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High incidences and similar patterns of Wolbachia infection in fig wasp communities from three different continents

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Insect Science 2010年第2期17卷 101-111页

作者： Lin-Lin Chen James M. cook Hui Xiao Hao-Yuan Hu Li-Ming Niu Da-wei Huang Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China School of Biological Sciences University of Reading Reading UK College of Plant Protection Shandong Agricultural University Tai'an Shandong Province China

Wolbachia are endosymbiotic bacteria that infect numerous arthropod species. Previous studies in Panama and Australia revealed that the majority of fig wasp species harbor Wolbachia infections, but that similar patterns of incidence have evolved inde- pendently with different wasp species and Wolbachia strains on the two continents. we found Wolbachia infections in 25/47 species （53%） of fig wasp associated with 25 species of Chinese figs. Phylogenetic analyses of Wotbachia wsp sequences indicated that very similar strains are not obviously found in either closely related or ecologically linked fig wasps species. The extremely high prevalence of Wolbachia in fig wasps （over 50% of species infected） is not constrained by geographical origin and is a recurrent theme of fig wasp/Wolbachia interactions.

关键词： fig wasps horizontal transmission Wolbachia wsp

Molecular analysis of γ1, γ3, and α class switch recombination junctions in APOBEC3-deficient mice using high-throughput sequencing

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2020年第4期17卷 418-420页

作者： Hussein Issaoui Mélissa Ferrad Nour Ghazzaui Sandrine Lecardeur Jeanne cook-Moreau François Boyer Yves Denizot UMR CNRS 7276 INSERM U1262Equipe Labellisée LIGUE 2018University of LimogesCBRSrue Pr.Descottes87025 LimogesFrance

Activation-induced deaminase(AID)is required for immunoglobulin(Ig)class switch recombination(CSR),in which the constant(C)μgene of IgM is substituted with C_(γ),C_(ε),or C_(α),thereby generating IgG,IgE,and IgA antibodies,respectively,with new effector functions but the same antigenic specificity.1 AID targets specific DNA switch(S)regions preceding C regions except for Cδ.2 Sμis usually the donor region,while Sγ,ε,αare the acceptor *** deaminates C into U on single-stranded DNA by targeting the WRCY(W=A/T,R=A/G,and Y=C/T)hot motif and,to a lesser extent,the SYC(S=G/C,Y=C/T)cold motif.3,4 AID is a member of the apolipoprotein B editing complex(APOBEC)*** APOBEC genes,a family of evolutionarily conserved cytidine deaminases,APOBEC3 is implicated in diverse cell functions including innate immunity against retroviruses.4 The DNA-editing APOBEC3 enzymes have recently attracted attention due to their involvement in cancer and potential applications in gene editing.5–7 While a single copy of each APOBEC3 gene is present in rodents,seven copies of each APOBEC3 gene are found in humans.

关键词： immunity involvement thereby

A picture scroll that never stops unfolding

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Voice of Friendship 2019年第1期 26-27页

作者： Johannah cook New Zealand

The other day, I visited a museum in Shaoxing’s Dongpu town that displayed a scroll running around all four walls of the room. It represents the people of Shaoxing going about their daily lives. The guide said the15-meter-long work depicts the most human figures in a painting anywhere in the world and is considered to be the Shaoxing equivalent of the Qingming Scroll from the Song dynasty (960-1279).

关键词： picture unfolding Shaoxing

SECRETS OF SAIGON Traveling in a Land of Hospitality

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城市漫步（GBA版） 2016年第5期 24-25页

作者： ZACH cook 不详

It’s hard to believe that just 40 years ago the most comprehensive bombing campaign in world history concluded in what is now an idyllic and all-around charming *** failing in its attempt to prevent the spread of communism in Vietnam,the United States withdrew from Saigon(since renamed Ho Chi Minh City),but not before devastating the *** miraculously,after the US withdrawal,Vietnam did not become a communist dystopia,nor did any"dominos fall,"spreading communism throughout Asia,as so many Cold Warriors of the day had predicted.

关键词： Vietnam SAI campaign

Chest radiograph usefulness in the diagnosis of acute aortic dissection

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Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2005年第1期2卷 54-58页

作者： Nancy welch Chat Dang Carlton Allen Robert cook Department of Emergency Medicine King-Drew Medical Center Los AngeksCaliforniaUSA Department of Radiology King-Drew Medical Center Los AngelesCaliforniaUSA

Objective To assess the diagnostic value of chest radiographs in patients presenting to a busy inner-city Emergency Department with subsequently proven acute aortic dissection. Methods A retrospective review of initial chest radiographs and charts of patients with the confirmed diagnosis of acute aortic dissection was done for a period of 5 years from 1998 to 2003. A comparison was made between the initial readings of chest radiographs prior to confirmation of the aortic dissection, and a retrospective review of the same radiographs by two board-certified radiologists with special attention to the classic findings of acute aortic dissection identifiable on plain films. Results The charts of nine patients (four men, five women) with proven acute aortic dissection were reviewed. All nine patients were suspected of having acute aortic dissection based on presenting history and symptoms of chest pain (66% ), migratory pain (89% ), back pain (89% ), and the abruptness of onset of pain (89% ). Initial plain portable chest X-rays were obtained in the Emergency Department in all nine patients. Six of nine (67%) radiographs were read as normal, while three (33%) demonstrated a widened mediastinum (＞ 8.0cm), two (22%) showed an abnormal aortic contour, with one ( 11% ) displaying an apical cap. Confirmation of the diagnosis was obtained with either a spiral CT angiogram or transesophageal echocardiography (TEE). All nine plain radiographs were retrospectively reviewed by two board-certified radiologists aware of the diagnosis of acute dissection without a change in the readings. Conclusions Plain portable chest radiographs are of limited usefulness for the screening of acute aortic dissection. Further radiologic evaluation should be dictated by the clinical presentation and an awareness of the low sensitivity of portable chest X- rays.

关键词： chest radiograph aortic dissection, diagnosis

Complex Coacervate Materials as Artificial Cells

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Accounts of Materials Research 2023年第3期4卷 287-298页

作者： Alexander B.cook Sebastian Novosedlik Jan C.M.van Hest Bio-Organic Chemistry Institute for Complex Molecular SystemsEindhoven University of Technology5600 MB EindhovenThe Netherlands

CONSPECTUS:Cells have evolved to be self-sustaining compartmentalized systems that consist of many thousands of biomolecules and metabolites interacting in complex cycles and reaction *** subtle intricacies of these self-assembled structures are still largely *** importance of liquid−liquid phase separation(both membraneless and mem-brane bound)is,however,recognized as playing an important role in achieving biological function that is controlled in time and *** biochemical reactions in vitro has been a success of the last decades,for example,establishment of the minimal set of enzymes and nutrients able to replicate cellular activities like the in vitro transcription translation of genes to *** than this though,artificial cell research has the aim of combining synthetic materials and nonliving macromolecules into ordered assemblies with the ability to carry out more complex and ambitious cell-like *** activities can provide insights into fundamental cell processes in simplified and idealized systems but could also have an applied impact in synthetic biology and biotechnology in the *** date,strategies for the bottom-up fabrication of micrometer scale life-like artificial cells have included stabilized water-in-oil droplets,giant unilamellar vesicles(GUV’s),hydrogels,and complex ***-in-oil droplets are a valuable and easy to produce model system for studying cell-like processes;however,the lack of a crowded interior can limit these artificial cells in mimicking life more *** membrane stabilized vesicles,such as GUV’s,have the additional membrane feature of cells but still lack a macromolecularly crowded ***-based artificial cells have a macromolecularly dense interior(although cross-linked)that better mimics cells,in addition to mechanical properties more similar to the viscoelasticity seen in cells but could be seen as being not dynamic in nature and limi

关键词： interior stabilized simplified

The rise of Silas Lapham

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Muscadine or amla extracts standardized to ellagic acid content ameliorate glucolipotoxicity associatedβ-cell dysfunction via inhibition of IL-1βand improved insulin secretion

作者： William Dean Howells edited by Don L. cook.

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食物生产加工与营养(英文) 2020年第1期2卷 91-101页

作者： Srikanth Earpina Karen McDonough Millicent Yeboah-Awudzi Kristina J.cook Sita Aggarwal Jack N.Losso Chronic Degenerative Disease Prevention Laboratory School of Nutrition and Food ScienceLouisiana State University AgCenterLouisiana State University SystemBaton RougeLA 70803USA School of Animal Science Louisiana State University AgCenterLouisiana State University SystemBaton RougeLA 70803USA William Hansel Cancer Prevention Pennington Biomedical Research CenterLouisiana State University SystemBaton RougeLA 70808USA Louisiana State University System Baton RougeLA 70803USA

Glucolipotocixity induces IL-1βsecretion which impairs pancreaticβ-cell insulin *** acid and urolithin A have strong anti-inflammatory effect on *** and amla are very good sources of ellagic *** present study examined the effect of ellagic acid,ellagic acid-rich muscadine or amla extract,or urolothin A on inflammation inβcells under glucolipotoxic *** NIT-1βcells were incubated in glucolipotoxic conditions(33.3 mM glucose,250μM palmitic acid or 33.3 mM glucose+250μM palmitic acid with or without ellagic acid,ellagic acid-rich muscadine or amla extracts standardized to its ellagic acid content,or urolithin A).Inflammatory status was evidenced by ELISA analysis of insulin and IL-1β*** acid-rich muscadine or amla extracts dose-dependently stimulated insulin secretion and down-regulated IL-1βbetter than pure ellagic acid,or urolithin *** A did not statistically stimulate insulin secretion and did not inhibit IL-1β.

关键词： Muscadine Amla Ellagic acid NIT-1 pancreaticβ-cells glucose,Palmitic acid Glucolipotoxicity IL-1β Inflammation Inflammasome Insulin secretion

A primitive mantle source for the Neoarchean mafic rocks from the Tanzania Craton

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Geoscience Frontiers 2016年第6期7卷 911-926页

作者： Y.A.cook I.V.Sanislav J.Hammerli T.G.Blenkinsop P.H.G.M.Dirks Economic Geology Research Centre(EGRU)and Department of Earth and Oceans James Cook UniversityTownsville4011OLDAustralia School of Earth&Ocean Sciences Cardiff UniversityCardiff CF10 3ATUnited Kingdom

Mafic rocks comprising tholeiitic pillow basalt, dolerite and minor gabbro form the basal stratigraphic unit in the ca. 2.8 to 2.6 Ga Geita Greenstone Belt situated in the NW Tanzania Craton. They outcrop mainly along the southern margin of the belt, and are at least 50 million years older than the supracrustal assemblages against which they have been juxtaposed. Geochemical analyses indicate that parts of the assemblage approach high Mg-tholeiite （more than 8 wt.% MgO）. This suite of samples has a restricted compositional range suggesting derivation from a chemically homogenous reservoir. Trace element modeling suggests that the mafic rocks were derived by partial melting within the spinel peridotite field from a source rock with a primitive mantle composition. That is, trace elements maintain primitive mantle ratios （Zr/Hf = 32-35, Ti/Zr - 107-147）, producing flat REE and HFSE profles [（La/Yb）pm = 0.9 -1.3], with abundances of 3-10 times primitive mantle and with minor negative anomalies of Nb [（Nb/ La）pm - 0.6-0.8] and Th [（Th/La）pm = 0.6-0.9]. Initial isotope compositions （εNd） range from 1.6 to 2.9 at 2.8 Ga and plot below the depleted mantle line suggesting derivation from a more enriched source compared to present day MORB mantle. The trace element composition and Nd isotopic ratios are similar to the mafic rocks outcropping -50 km south. The mafic rocks outcropping in the Geita area were erupted through oceanic crust over a short time period, between -2830 and-2820 Ma; are compositionally homogenous, contain little to no associated terrigenous sediments, and their trace element composition and short emplacement time resemble oceanic plateau basalts. They have been interpreted to be derived from a plume head with a primitive mantle composition.

关键词： Mafic rocks Archean Tanzania Craton Primitive mantle MORB Oceanic plateau