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Consistency of Hydr.logic r.lationships of a Pair.d Water.hed Appr.ach

Amer.can Jour.al of Climate Change 2013年第2期2卷 147-164页

作者： Her.er. Ssegane Devendr. M. Amatya Geor.e M. Chescheir.wayne r. skaggs Er.est W. Tollner.Jami E. Nettles Biological and Agr.cultur.l Engineer.ng North Carolina State University Raleigh USA Center.for.For.sted Wetlands r.sear.h US Department of Agriculture-Forest Service Cordesville USA College of Engineer.ng University of Georgia Athens USA Weyer.aeuser.Company Columbus USA

Pair.d water.hed studies ar. used ar.und the wor.d to evaluate and quantify effects of for.st and water.management pr.ctices on hydr.logy and water.quality. The basic concept uses two neighbor.ng water.heds (one as a contr.l and another.as a tr.atment), which ar. concur.ently monitor.d dur.ng calibr.tion (pr.-tr.atment) and post-tr.atment per.ods. A statistically significant r.lationship between the contr.l and tr.atment water.heds is established dur.ng calibr.tion per.od such that any significant shift detected in the r.lationship dur.ng tr.atment is attr.buted to the tr.atment effects. The appr.ach assumes that ther. is a consistent, quantifiable, and pr.dictable r.lationship between water.hed r.sponse var.ables. This study tests the hypothesis that the hydr.logic r.lationships between contr.l and tr.atment water.heds for.daily water.table elevation (WTE) and daily flow data wer. similar.without any statistically significant differ.nce dur.ng two differ.nt calibr.tion (1988-1989 and 2007-2008) and tr.atment per.ods (1995-1996 and 2009), when the contr.l and tr.atment water.heds wer. inter.hanged. The water.heds ar. two ar.ificially dr.ined loblolly pine for.sts (D1: 24.7 haand D2: 23.6 ha) located in coastal Nor.h Car.lina. r.sults depicted significantly similar.WTE r.gr.ssion r.lationships dur.ng the two calibr.tion per.ods but significantly differ.nt WTE r.lationships dur.ng the two tr.atment per.ods with r.ver.ed contr.l and tr.atment water.heds. Calibr.tion and tr.atment flow r.lationships, and the mean tr.atment effects on WTE and flow, befor. and after.tr.atment r.ver.al wer. significantly differ.nt (α = 0.05). The study also discusses causes of differ.nces in hydr.logic r.lationships and tr.atment effects for.such r.ver.al of tr.atments dur.ng a 21-year.span of the study on these two similar.and adjacent water.heds. The obser.ed differ.nces in the hydr.logic r.lationships between contr.l and tr.atment water.heds befor. and after.tr.atment r.ver.al may be at

关键词： Dr.ined Pine For.sts Water Table Elevation Daily Flow Calibr.tion Tr.atment Effects Bootstr.pped Geometr.c Mean r.gr.ssion r.cur.ive r.siduals CUSUMS Flow Dur.tion Cur.e

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农业排水管理对氮流失于地表水的影响(英文)

农业排水管理对氮流失于地表水的影响(英文)

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2009水资源与可持续发展高层论坛

作者： r.wayne skaggs Mohamed A.Youssef W.N.r.ynolds Dist.Univ.Pr.fessor.and Assistant Pr.fessor respectively North Carolina State UniversityRaleighNC27695-7625

＜正＞Nitr.gen losses fr.m dr.ined agr.cultur.l lands ar. a pr.ncipal sour.e of excess nitr.gen（N） in str.ams and *** Water.Management（DWM） or.Contr.lled Dr.inage（CD） can be used to significantly r.duce N losses in dr.inage water. while conser.ing water.and potentially incr.asing cr.p *** r.sear.h conducted by a number.of investigator. on a wide r.nge of soils and locations has shown that CD r.duced N losses by 18 to 85 per.ent compar.d to conventional *** of r.sults of the var.ous studies indicates that the differ.nce in effectiveness of CD among soils and sites is pr.mar.ly due to differ.nces in its effect on seepage,and whether.the seepage water.passes thr.ugh dentir.fied *** leads to the conclusion that r.sear.h to deter.ine the effectiveness of CD should be conducted on field size or.lar.er.units,such that the effect of later.l and ver.ical seepage will be appr.pr.ately *** simulation model Dr.INMOD was used to pr.dict the long-ter. per.or.ance of CD for.a sandy loam soil in easter. Nor.h *** r.duced the 35-year.aver.ge annual pr.dicted N losses in dr.inage water.by 37%for.continuous cor. and by 34%for.a cor.-wheat-soybean r.tation. Both pr.dicted N loads in dr.inage water.and the r.duction of those loads in r.sponse to CD var.ed widely fr.m year.to *** annual N loads for.conventional dr.inage on continuous cor. var.ed fr.m 12.3 to 87.3 kg/*** r.duced the pr.dicted annual N loads in dr.inage water.by 18 to 58%over.the 35 year.per.od.

关键词： Contr.lled Dr.inage Water.Quality Dr.INMOD Nitr.gen Models

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