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Mammalian herbivory in post-fire chaparral impacts herbaceous composition but not N and C cycling

Journal of plant Ecology 2021年第2期14卷 213-228页

作者： Lindsey Hendricks-Franco Scott L.Stephens wayne p.sousa Department of Integrative Biology University of CaliforniaBerkeleyBerkeleyCAUSA Division of Ecosystem Science Department of Environmental SciencePolicyand ManagementUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyBerkeleyCAUSA

Aims Classical theory predicts that herbivores impact herb assemblages and soil nitrogen(N)cycling through selective plant consumption and the deposition of N-rich waste,with effects dependent upon ecosystem N *** are predicted to accelerate N cycling when N availability is high and decelerate cycling when availability is ***,experimental tests of these theories in natural systems are limited and have yielded contradictory ***’s widespread chaparral shrublands provide a tractable system in which to test these *** are prone to periodic crown fire,which temporarily removes living shrub cover,deposits mineral N on soils and allows diverse herbaceous assemblages to dominate the landscape for 3–5 *** is also increasingly vulnerable to herbaceous invasion;mammalian herbivory may limit the establishment of non-native herbs in the shrub *** We implemented a 2-year herbivore-exclosure experiment(Hopland,CA)to assess the impact of mammalian herbivory during early post-fire chaparral succession,both on herbaceous plant assemblages and soil N and C *** predicted that,in high-N post-fire conditions,mammalian herbivory would not demonstrate a strong preference for N-fixing herbs,would accelerate N cycling and would reduce the abundance of non-native *** Findings Excluding mammalian herbivores increased herb standing biomass by 54%,but changed neither the relative abundance of N-fixing ***-N-fixing herbs nor any measure of N or C *** impacts on nutrient cycling may not be significant over the 2-year time scale of the experiment and physical effects of herbivore activity could have counteracted the influence of plant litter and animal dung/urine *** herbivores concentrated their feeding on typical non-native herbs,slightly decreasing their relative abundance;however,mammalian herbivory was not sufficient to stem the invasion of chaparral by invasive herbs

关键词： herbivory fire plant invasion chaparral N cycling

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Ready,set,go:Medical preparations for the paris 2024 paralympic Games

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第6期13卷 726-727页

作者： Carolette Snyders wayne Derman Martin Schwellnus Sport Exercise Medicine and Lifestyle Institute(SEMLI)Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of PretoriaPretoria 0083South Africa IOC Research Centre of South Africa Pretoria 0083South Africa Institute of Sport and Exercise Medicine Department of ExerciseSport and Lifestyle MedicineFaculty of Medicine and Health SciencesStellenbosch UniversityTygerberg 7505South Africa

*** In August 2024,over 4400 paralympic athletes will gather in paris for the paralympic Summer Games—the pinnacle of every paralympian’s(para athletes competing at the paralympic Games)career to showcase their ability and *** training,preparation,and effort in the years leading up to the Games are *** achieve success,paralympians specifically rely on a medical support team to achieve their ***,what is required of the medical support team to prepare paralympians to get ready,set,and go to paris 2024?

关键词： paris Games athletes

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Heterogeneity of mature oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第5期20卷 1336-1349页

作者： Chao Weng Adam M.R.Groh Moein Yaqubi Qiao-Ling Cui Jo Anne Stratton G.R.wayne Moore Jack p.Antel Neuroimmunology Unit Montreal Neurological Institute-HospitalDepartment of Neurology and NeurosurgeryMcGill UniversityMontrealQCCanada Department of Neurology Renmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanHubei ProvinceChina

Mature oligodendrocytes form myelin sheaths that are crucial for the insulation of axons and efficient signal transmission in the central nervous *** evidence has challenged the classical view of the functionally static mature oligodendrocyte and revealed a gamut of dynamic functions such as the ability to modulate neuronal circuitry and provide metabolic support to *** the recognition of potential heterogeneity in mature oligodendrocyte function,a comprehensive summary of mature oligodendrocyte diversity is *** delve into early 20th-century studies by Robertson and Río-Hortega that laid the foundation for the modern identification of regional and morphological heterogeneity in mature ***,recent morphologic and functional studies call into question the long-assumed homogeneity of mature oligodendrocyte function through the identification of distinct subtypes with varying myelination ***,modern molecular investigations,employing techniques such as single cell/nucleus RNA sequencing,consistently unveil at least six mature oligodendrocyte subpopulations in the human central nervous system that are highly transcriptomically diverse and vary with central nervous system *** and disease related mature oligodendrocyte variation denotes the impact of pathological conditions such as multiple sclerosis,Alzheimer's disease,and psychiatric ***,caution is warranted when subclassifying mature oligodendrocytes because of the simplification needed to make conclusions about cell identity from temporally confined *** studies leveraging advanced techniques like spatial transcriptomics and single-cell proteomics promise a more nuanced understanding of mature oligodendrocyte *** research avenues that precisely evaluate mature oligodendrocyte heterogeneity with care to understand the mitigating influence of species,sex,central nervous system region,age,and disease,

关键词： aging central nervous system diseases electron microscopy heterogeneity immunohistochemistry myelin sheath natural history neuroglia oligodendroglia single-cell gene expression analysis

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Creation and validation of a novel low-cost dry lab for early resident training and assessment of robotic prostatectomy technical proficiency

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Current Urology 2024年第2期18卷 133-138页

作者： Kevin Kunitsky Abhishek Venkataramana Katherine E.Fero Jorge Ballon Jacob Komberg Robert Reiter wayne Brisbane Institute of Urologic Oncology Department of UrologyDavid Geffen School of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA Charles E.Schmidt College of Medicine Florida Atlantic UniversityBoca RatonFLUSA

purpose:To evaluate the preliminary validity and acceptability of a low-cost low-fidelity robotic surgery dry lab for training and assessing residents’technical proficiency with key robotic radical prostatectomy *** and methods:Three standardized inanimate tasks were created to simulate the radical prostatectomy steps of posterior dissection,neurovascular bundle release,and urethrovesical *** trainees and faculty at a single institution completed and evaluated each dry lab *** validity was evaluated by comparing task completion times and Global Evaluative Assessment of Robotic Skills scores across four participant cohorts:medical students(n=5),junior residents(n=5),senior residents(n=5),and attending surgeons(n=7).Content validity,face validity,and acceptabilitywere evaluated through a posttask survey using a 5-point Likert ***:There was a significant difference in the individual and composite task completion times and Global Evaluative Assessment of Robotic Skills scores across all participant cohorts(all pptability for use in residency ***,model realism,compared with human tissue,was poorly *** dry lab production cost was less than US$***:This low-cost procedure-specific dry lab demonstrated evidence of content validity,construct validity,and acceptability for simulating key robotic prostatectomy technical steps and can be used to augment robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy surgical training.

关键词： Robotic surgery education Radical prostatectomy Simulation Dry laboratory Validation

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Drought Tolerance and Recovery of the Sedge Carex planostachys (Cyperaceae) from Central Texas Woodlands

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American Journal of plant Sciences 2024年第9期15卷 746-765页

作者： E. Rob wayne Oscar William Van Auken Natural Sciences Department St. Philips College San Antonio USA Department of Integrative Biology The University of Texas at San Antonio San Antonio USA

Carex planostachys Kunze (Cyperaceae, Cedar sedge) is an herbaceous species in a genus commonly inhabiting mesic or hydric habitats. Carex planostachys is found in arid and semi-arid Juniperus woodlands. Arid conditions impose survival challenges to plants in dry areas. Some plants have plasticity responses to soil water content and continued normal though reduced functions through droughts, but most herbaceous plants do not survive. Limited previous studies have suggested C. planostachys is tolerant of drought. physiological responses of C. planostachys from Juniperus woodlands was examined is this study to determine how long plants could survive without water and if they are capable of recovery from very negative water potentials beyond what is considered the permanent wilting point for most herbaceous plants. plants were placed in pots in partial shade in this experiment. Water loss from the soil with plants was an inverse 2nd order polynomial function with soil water decreasing from 32% to 8% by day 28 of the study. Leaf water potential was also an inverse 2nd order polynomial function but did not decline significantly until 14 days without watering. Leaf water potential was −10.0 Mpa after 35 days without watering. Non-watered plants Anet, (photosynthetic rate) was significantly lower compared to the water treatment by day 21 as was stomatal conductance and transpiration. When non-watered plants were watered after 21, 28 or 35 days, full recovery of physiological responses occurred within 7 days. The length of time that C. planostachys was able to withstand drought was greater than the annual trends in lack of precipitation during springtime in this area. Carex planostachys can photosynthesize at water stress between −8 and −10 Mpa. Carex planostachys drought and shade tolerance enables it to occupy an understory niche devoid of other herbaceous plants.

关键词： CO2 Uptake Conductance Gas Exchange photosynthesis Respiration Transpiration Water Stress Water potential.

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Clinical outcomes of celiac artery coverage with vs. without revascularization in thoracic endovascular aortic repair

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中华医学杂志(英文版) 2024年第14期137卷 1750-1752页

作者： Xie Xinsheng Zhang Wei Fu Weiguo Zhang wayne W. Wang Lixin Department of Vascular Surgery Xiamen Branch Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University Xiamen Fujian China Department of Vascular Surgery Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University Shanghai China Department of plastic surgery Plastic Surgery Hospital Peking Union Medical College Beijing China Department of Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery Seattle VA Medical Center University of Washington Seattle WA USA

To the Editor: Thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) has been widely accepted as the first-line treatment when aortic repair is indicated. However, TEVAR is still limited by anatomic conditions in many circumstances, and the most common exclusion situations are inadequate proximal and/or distal landing zones when important branch vessels are involved. The incidence of insufficient distal landing zone in descending TEVAR ranges from 2.5% to 15.2%, and different approaches to extend it were described. Hybrid surgery with combined TEVAR and open revascularization of visceral vessels has been employed from the early stage of endovascular aortic repair but it is associated with poor outcomes. Endovascular visceral artery revascularization, such as branched and fenestrated endograft, has been used more recently. Outcomes of stenting visceral arteries during fenestrated/branched aortic repair were explored by several studies and promising results were exhibited. However, these techniques demand heavily on available device and technical skills. Currently, there is no Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved branched TEVAR endograft for visceral artery preservation. Chimney or snorkel procedures are relatively easier to perform, but it is associated with a higher incidence of endoleaks.

关键词： ANEURYSM TRUNK TEVAR

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Fetal Head Compression: Its possible Role in Neurologic Injury

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2024年第1期14卷 124-143页

作者： Barry S. Schifrin Brian J. Koos wayne R. Cohen Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology The Western University of Health Sciences Pomona USA The David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA Los Angeles USA The University of Arizona College of Medicine Tucson USA

It is widely assumed that fetal ischemic brain injury during labor derives almost exclusively from severe, systemic hypoxemia with marked neonatal depression and acidemia. Severe asphyxia, however, is one of several causes of perinatal neurological injury and may not be the most common;most neonates diagnosed with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy do not have evidence of severe asphyxia. Sepsis, direct brain trauma, and drug or toxin exposure account for some cases, while mechanical forces of labor and delivery that increase fetal intracranial pressure sufficiently to impair brain perfusion may also contribute. Because of bony compliance and mobile suture lines, the fetal skull changes shape and redistributes cerebrospinal fluid during labor according to constraints imposed by contractions, and bony and soft tissue elements of the birth canal as the head descends. These accommodations, including the increase in intracranial pressure, are adaptive and necessary for efficient descent of the head while safeguarding cerebral blood flow. Autonomic reflexes mediated through central receptors normally provide ample protection of the brain from the considerable pressure exerted on the skull. On occasion, those forces, which are transmitted intracranially, may overcome the various adaptive anatomical, cardiovascular, metabolic, and neurological mechanisms that maintain cerebral perfusion and oxygen availability, resulting in ischemic brain injury. Accepting the notion of a potentially adverse impact of fetal head compression suggests that avoidance of excessive uterine activity and of relentless pushing without steady progress in descent may offer protection for the fetal brain during parturition. Excessive head compression should be considered in the differential diagnosis of ischemic encephalopathy.

关键词： Fetal Brain Injury Fetal Head Compression Ischemic Encephalopathy Neonatal Encephalopathy

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动静脉移植物内瘘并发症的干预原则

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中华医学杂志 2024年第32期104卷 2980-2983页

作者：王宇飞张玮郑州大学第一附属医院血液净化中心郑州华盛顿大学医学院血管外科美国西雅图

动静脉移植物内瘘(AVG)的主要并发症包括狭窄、血栓形成及感染等。狭窄常采用腔内技术处理, 特殊部位可采用旁路、间置、补片等外科修复技术。血栓处理常包括血栓减容与纠正狭窄两部分, 前者包括导管接触性溶栓、腔内介入技术、外科修... 详细信息

动静脉移植物内瘘(AVG)的主要并发症包括狭窄、血栓形成及感染等。狭窄常采用腔内技术处理, 特殊部位可采用旁路、间置、补片等外科修复技术。血栓处理常包括血栓减容与纠正狭窄两部分, 前者包括导管接触性溶栓、腔内介入技术、外科修复技术或杂交技术。经验性抗生素应用前留取病原学检测是感染处理的第一步, 针对不同感染范围可分别采取移植物部分切除并置换、移植物全切、移植物部分切除手段。积极预防、及时发现和正确干预并发症可以改善AVG结局。AVG并发症的干预方案应在系统评估的基础上个体化制订。

关键词：血液透析动静脉移植物内瘘并发症干预

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图终身学习:综述

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计算机研究与发展 2024年第8期61卷 2067-2096页

作者：刘壮董子宸董宜琳尚家名张帆陈雨然楼佩妍孙欣然王昱赵军 wayne Lin 东北财经大学金融科技学院辽宁大连116025 大连理工大学计算机学院辽宁大连116024 南加州大学计算机学院美国加利福尼亚州洛杉矶90007

图终身学习(lifelong graph learning,LGL)是一个新兴领域,旨在实现对图结构数据的持续学习,以解决现有任务上的灾难性遗忘问题,并使得顺序更新的模型能够适应新出现的图任务.尽管LGL展现出良好的学习能力,但如何持续提高其性能仍然是... 详细信息

图终身学习(lifelong graph learning,LGL)是一个新兴领域,旨在实现对图结构数据的持续学习,以解决现有任务上的灾难性遗忘问题,并使得顺序更新的模型能够适应新出现的图任务.尽管LGL展现出良好的学习能力,但如何持续提高其性能仍然是一个至关重要的问题.为填补现有研究对这一方面的空白,对最近在LGL领域的研究进行了全面调查和总结.首先,重新分类了LGL的现有方法,重点关注克服灾难性遗忘的方法.随后,系统地分析了这些方法的优缺点,并探讨了实现持续性能提升的潜在解决方案.该研究着重于如何在持续学习的过程中避免对旧任务的遗忘,同时快速适应新任务的挑战.最后,还就LGL的未来发展方向进行了讨论,涵盖了其在应用领域、开放性问题等方面的潜在影响,并具体分析了这些方向对持续性能改进的潜在影响.这些讨论将有助于指导未来LGL研究的方向,推动这一领域的进一步发展与应用.

关键词：图终身学习(LGL) 图神经网络(GNN) 重放正则化持续学习增量学习灾难性遗忘

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Implementation of Fuzzy Logic Control into an Equivalent Minimization Strategy for Adaptive Energy Management of A parallel Hybrid Electric Vehicle

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Journal of Transportation Technologies 2024年第1期14卷 88-118页

作者： Jared A. Diethorn Andrew C. Nix Mario G. perhinschi W. Scott wayne Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering West Virginia University Morgantown WV USA

As government agencies continue to tighten emissions regulations due to the continued increase in greenhouse gas production, automotive industries are seeking to produce increasingly efficient vehicle technology. Hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) have been introduced to mitigate problems while improving fuel economy. HEVs have led to the demand of creating more advanced controls software to consider multiple components for propulsive power in a vehicle. A large section in the software development process is the implementation of an optimal energy management strategy meant to improve the overall fuel efficiency of the vehicle. Optimal strategies can be implemented when driving conditions are known a prior. The Equivalent Consumption Minimization Strategy (ECMS) is an optimal control strategy that uses an equivalence factor to equate electrical to mechanical power when performing torque split determination between the internal combustion engine and electric motor for propulsive and regenerative torque. This equivalence factor is determined from offline vehicle simulations using a sensitivity analysis to provide optimal fuel economy results while maintaining predetermined high voltage battery state of charge (SOC) constraints. When the control hierarchy is modified or different driving styles are applied, the analysis must be redone to update the equivalence factor. The goal of this work is to implement a fuzzy logic controller that dynamically updates the equivalence factor to improve fuel economy, maintain a strict charge sustaining window of operation for the high voltage battery, and reduce computational time required during algorithm development. The adaptive algorithm is validated against global optimum fuel economy and charge sustaining results from a sensitivity analysis performed for multiple drive cycles. Results show a maximum fuel economy improvement of 9.82% when using a mild driving style and a 95% success rate when maintaining an ending SOC within 5% of th

关键词： Hybrid Electric Vehicle Fuzzy Logic Adaptive Control Charge Sustainability

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