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Fetal Head Compression: Its Possible Role in Neurologic Injury

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Open journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2024年第1期14卷 124-143页

作者： Barry S. Schifrin Brian j. Koos wayne R. Cohen Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology The Western University of Health Sciences Pomona USA The David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA Los Angeles USA The University of Arizona College of Medicine Tucson USA

It is widely assumed that fetal ischemic brain injury during labor derives almost exclusively from severe, systemic hypoxemia with marked neonatal depression and acidemia. Severe asphyxia, however, is one of several causes of perinatal neurological injury and may not be the most common;most neonates diagnosed with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy do not have evidence of severe asphyxia. Sepsis, direct brain trauma, and drug or toxin exposure account for some cases, while mechanical forces of labor and delivery that increase fetal intracranial pressure sufficiently to impair brain perfusion may also contribute. Because of bony compliance and mobile suture lines, the fetal skull changes shape and redistributes cerebrospinal fluid during labor according to constraints imposed by contractions, and bony and soft tissue elements of the birth canal as the head descends. These accommodations, including the increase in intracranial pressure, are adaptive and necessary for efficient descent of the head while safeguarding cerebral blood flow. Autonomic reflexes mediated through central receptors normally provide ample protection of the brain from the considerable pressure exerted on the skull. On occasion, those forces, which are transmitted intracranially, may overcome the various adaptive anatomical, cardiovascular, metabolic, and neurological mechanisms that maintain cerebral perfusion and oxygen availability, resulting in ischemic brain injury. Accepting the notion of a potentially adverse impact of fetal head compression suggests that avoidance of excessive uterine activity and of relentless pushing without steady progress in descent may offer protection for the fetal brain during parturition. Excessive head compression should be considered in the differential diagnosis of ischemic encephalopathy.

关键词： Fetal Brain Injury Fetal Head Compression Ischemic Encephalopathy Neonatal Encephalopathy

On the Trail of Self-Directed Online Learners

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ECNU Review of Education 2024年第2期7卷 406-419页

作者： Curtis j.Bonk 朱美娜 School of Education Indiana University201 N.Rose AvenueBloomingtonIN 4740lUSA wayne State University

Purpose We describe a series of more than a dozen studies on self-directed online learning spanning over a ***/Approach/Methods We incorporated surveys,interviews,focus groups,and content analyses into these research studies,which initially targeted the goals,motivations,and challenges of learners using open educational resources and OpenCourseWare and then focused on learning from massive open online courses(MOOCs).This research accelerated after creating a database of over 3,000 MOOC instructors,through which we explored cultural sensitivity and personalization practices in MOOCs as well as instructional design considerations and challenges,MOOC instructor professional development and career development,instructor motivation and engagement,and student and instructor perceptions of self-directed *** This study reveals that self-directed online learners(SDOLs)seek learning environments offering freedom,choice,control,and a sense of autonomy and that both learners and instructors have intrinsic motivation for engaging in open online learning ***/Value Based on this research with both MOOC instructors and MOOC learners,we offer instructional design guidelines to address SDOLs’needs and assist in efforts to foster a new generation of SDOLs.

关键词： MOOCs motivation online learning self-directed learning self-management self-monitoring

Machine learning-guided accelerated discovery of structure-property correlations in lean magnesium alloys for biomedical applications

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journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2024年第6期12卷 2267-2283页

作者： Sreenivas Raguraman Maitreyee Sharma Priyadarshini Tram Nguyen Ryan McGovern Andrew Kim Adam j.Griebel Paulette Clancy Timothy P.Weihs Department of Materials Science and Engineering Johns Hopkins University3400 N Charles StBaltimore21218MDU.S.A Hopkins Extreme Materials Institute Johns Hopkins University3400 N Charles StBaltimore21218MDU.S.A Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Johns Hopkins University3400 N Charles StBaltimore21218MDU.S.A Translational Tissue Engineering Center Johns Hopkins School of Medicine400 N BroadwayBaltimore21231MDU.S.A Department of Biomedical Engineering Johns Hopkins University3400 N Charles StBaltimore21218MDU.S.A Research and Development Fort Wayne Metals Research ProductsLLC9609 Ardmore AveFort Wayne46809INU.S.A Department of Mechanical Engineering Johns Hopkins University3400 N Charles StBaltimore21218MDU.S.A

Magnesium alloys are emerging as promising alternatives to traditional orthopedic implant materials thanks to their biodegradability,biocompatibility,and impressive mechanical ***,their rapid in-vivo degradation presents challenges,notably in upholding mechanical integrity over *** study investigates the impact of high-temperature thermal processing on the mechanical and degradation attributes of a lean Mg-Zn-Ca-Mn alloy,*** rapid,cost-efficient characterization methods like X-ray diffraction and optical microscopy,we swiftly examine microstructural changes post-thermal *** Pearson correlation coefficient analysis,we unveil the relationship between microstructural properties and critical targets(properties):hardness and corrosion ***,leveraging the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator(LASSO),we pinpoint the dominant microstructural factors among closely correlated *** findings underscore the significant role of grain size refinement in strengthening and the predominance of the ternary Ca_(2)Mg_(6)Zn_(3)phase in corrosion *** suggests that achieving an optimal blend of strength and corrosion resistance is attainable through fine grains and reduced concentration of ternary *** thorough investigation furnishes valuable insights into the intricate interplay of processing,structure,and properties in magnesium alloys,thereby advancing the development of superior biodegradable implant materials.

关键词： Magnesium alloys Machine learning Corrosion Mechanical properties Rapid characterization

Supplemental mineral ions for bone regeneration and osteoporosis treatment

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再生工程(英文) 2023年第2期4卷 170-182页

作者： Yingchao Su Matthew Cappock Stephanie Dobres Allan j.Kucine wayne C.Waltzer Donghui Zhu Department of Biomedical Engineering Stony Brook UniversityStony BrookNY 11794USA Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Stony Brook UniversityStony BrookNY 11794USA Department of Urology Stony Brook UniversityStony BrookNY 11794USA

Mineral ions play a crucial role in various biological processes in the human body,particularly in bone repair and *** with mineral ions offers several advantages over other therapies or treatments for bone repair and regeneration,such as higher biosafety,universal applicability,and compatibility with the immune ***,supplementation with mineral ions may avoid the need for invasive surgical *** aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of the functions of potentially beneficial mineral ions and their effects on bone regeneration and osteoporosis *** examining previous studies,including in vitro cellular experiments,in vivo animal models,and clinical trials,this review compares the benefits and potential adverse effects of these mineral ***,the review provides guidelines for suggested daily supplementation of these mineral ions to assist future preclinical and clinical studies in bone regeneration and osteoporosis treatment.

关键词： Mineral elements Metallic ions Dietary supplementation Bone repair Bone regeneration Osteoporosis

Unilateral rNurr1-V5 transgene expression in nigral dopaminergic neurons mitigates bilateral neuropathology and behavioral deficits in parkinsonian rats withα-synucleinopathy

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第9期19卷 2057-2067页

作者： Bismark Gatica-Garcia Michael j.Bannon Irma Alicia Martínez-Dávila Luis O.Soto-Rojas David Reyes-Corona Lourdes Escobedo Minerva Maldonado-Berny ME Gutierrez-Castillo Armando j.Espadas-Alvarez Manuel A.Fernandez-Parrilla juan U.Mascotte-Cruz CP Rodríguez-Oviedo Irais E.Valenzuela-Arzeta Claudia Luna-Herrera Francisco E.Lopez-Salas jaime Santoyo-Salazar Daniel Martinez-Fong Departamento de Fisiología Biofísica y NeurocienciasCentro de Investigación y de Estudios AvanzadosCiudad de MéxicoMéxico Department of Pharmacology Wayne State University School of MedicineDetroitMIUSA Laboratorio de Patogénesis Molecular Carrera Médico CirujanoFacultad de Estudios Superiores IztacalaUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoTlalnepantla de BazMéxico Red de Medicina para la Educación y Desarrollo y la Investigación Científica de Iztacala(Red MEDICI) Carrera Médico CirujanoFacultad de Estudios Superiores IztacalaUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoTlalnepantla de BazMéxico Nanoparticle Therapy Institute AguascalientesMéxico Departamento de Biociencias e Ingeniería Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigaciones y Estudios sobre Medio Ambiente y DesarrolloInstituto Politécnico NacionalCiudad de MéxicoMéxico Escuela Nacional de Medicina y Homeopatía Instituto Politécnico NacionalCiudad de MéxicoMéxico Departamento de Fisiología Escuela Nacional de Ciencias BiológicasInstituto Politécnico NacionalCiudad de MéxicoMéxico Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología Instituto de Investigaciones BiomédicasUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoCiudad de MéxicoMéxico Departamento de Física Centro de Investigación y de Estudios AvanzadosCiudad de MéxicoMéxico Programa de Nanociencias y Nanotecnología Centro de Investigación y de Estudios AvanzadosCiudad de MéxicoMéxico

Parkinsonism by unilateral,intranigralβ-sitosterolβ-D-glucoside administration in rats is distinguished in that theα-synuclein insult begins unilaterally but spreads bilaterally and increases in severity over time,thus replicating several clinical features of Parkinson’s disease,a typicalα-*** Nurr1 repressesα-synuclein,we evaluated whether unilateral transfected of rNurr1-V5 transgene via neurotensin-polyplex to the substantia nigra on day 30 after unilateralβ-sitosterolβ-D-glucoside lesion could affect bilateral neuropathology and sensorimotor deficits on day 30 *** study found that rNurr1-V5 expression but not that of the green fluorescent protein(the negative control)reducedβ-sitosterolβ-D-glucoside-induced ***,a bilateral increase in tyrosine hydroxylase-positive cells and arborization occurred in the substantia nigra and increased tyrosine hydroxylase-positive ramifications in the *** addition,tyrosine hydroxylase-positive cells displayed less senescence markerβ-galactosidase and more neuron-cytoskeleton markerβIII-tubulin and brain-derived neurotrophic factor.A significant decrease in activated microglia(positive to ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1)and neurotoxic astrocytes(positive to glial fibrillary acidic protein and complement component 3)and increased neurotrophic astrocytes(positive to glial fibrillary acidic protein and S100 calcium-binding protein A10)also occurred in the substantia *** effects followed the bilateral reduction inα-synuclein aggregates in the nigrostriatal system,improving sensorimotor *** results show that unilateral rNurr1-V5 transgene expression in nigral dopaminergic neurons mitigates bilateral neurodegeneration(senescence and loss of neuron-cytoskeleton and tyrosine hydroxylase-positive cells),neuroinflammation(activated microglia,neurotoxic astrocytes),α-synuclein aggregation,and sensorimotor *** neurotrophic astrocytes and

关键词： A1 astrocytes A2 astrocytes gene therapy microglia motor deficits nanoparticles neurodegeneration neuroinflammation senescence α-synuclein aggregates

Does erectile dysfunction drug use contribute to risky sexual behavior？

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Asian journal of Andrology 2010年第5期12卷 626-627页

作者： wayne j. G. Hellstrom Tulane University Health Sciences Center New Orleans LA 70112 USA

Erectile dysfunction （ED） is a common sexual problem affecting up to one-third of men throughout their lives. According to the Massachusetts Male Aging Study （MMAS）, ED affects an estimated 52% of men between the ages of 40 and 70. With the approval of sildenafil （USA in March 1998）, the first phosphodiesterase type 5 （PDE-5） inhibitor to be made available for treatment of ED, and the subsequent approval of vardenafil （USA in August 2003） and tadalafil （USA in November 2003）, the PDE-5 inhibitor class of drugs has rapidly become the first-line therapy for ED of varying etiologies and severities.

关键词： Elderly Silver USA Aging Men

Premature ejaculation： current and future treatments

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Asian journal of Andrology 2008年第1期10卷 102-109页

作者： Levent Gurkan Matthew Oommen wayne j. G. Hellstrom Section of Andrology Department of Urology Tulane University Health Sciences Center New Orleans LA 70112 USA

Premature ejaculation （PE） is recognized to be the most common male sexual disorder. PE provides difficulties for professionals who treat this condition because there is neither a universally accepted definition nor a medication approved by the Food and Drug Administration （FDA）. Despite these shortcomings, physicians continue to diagnose their patients with PE according to major guidelines and treat them with either behavioral therapies or off-label medications. This review focuses on current and emerging treatment options and medications for PE. Advantages and limitations of each treatment option are discussed in the light of current published peer-reviewed literature.

关键词： premature ejaculation male sexual disorder ejaculation

Men＇s health is evolving

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Asian journal of Andrology 2008年第1期10卷 3-5页

作者： Run Wang wayne j. G. Hellstrom Departments of Urology University of Texas Medical School at Houston and University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston USA

The Asian journal of Andrology （AjA） is growing at a fast pace and becoming one of the leading journals in the field of andrology thanks to the leadership of Prof. Yi-Fei Wang, Editor-in-Chief of AjA, and the hard work of the AjA editorial staff. It was the spring of 2006 in Chicago when Ms. Dan-Qing Ren, Scientific Editor of the AjA, first approached us at the 31 st American Society of Andrology （ASA） Annual Meeting regarding publishing a special issue on men＇s health. We were honored by the invitation to be guest editors for this special issue. We discussed potential topics with many of the contributors while Ms. Qin-Zhu Zheng, Editorial Director of the AjA worked out the details and met with us at the 32nd ASA Annual Meeting in Tampa, Florida. We are very pleased to present this issue of superior articles with contributions by internationally recognized authorities.

关键词： ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION REHABILITATION THERAPY

Particle Size and Crystal Phase Effects in Fischer-Tropsch Catalysts

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Engineering 2017年第4期3卷 467-476页

作者： jin-xun Liu Peng Wang wayne Xu Emiel j. M. Hensen Laboratory of Inorganic Materials Chemistry Schuit Institute of Catalysis Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry Eindhoven University of Technology Eindhoven 5600 MB The Netherlands National Institute of Clean-and-Low-Carhon Energy Beijing 102211 China

费托合成(FTS)是近年来越发重要的能源转化途径,它可将一氧化碳和氢气的合成气转化为液态燃料和化学品,合成气的原料来自煤炭、天然气或生物质。在费托合成反应中,分散的过渡金属纳米粒子作为催化剂,用于催化以碳-碳键生成为基础的反应... 详细信息

费托合成(FTS)是近年来越发重要的能源转化途径,它可将一氧化碳和氢气的合成气转化为液态燃料和化学品,合成气的原料来自煤炭、天然气或生物质。在费托合成反应中,分散的过渡金属纳米粒子作为催化剂,用于催化以碳-碳键生成为基础的反应。催化剂的催化活性和选择性与纳米粒子的电子结构和几何结构密切相关,具体取决于纳米粒子的尺寸、形态和晶相。在本文中,我们将回顾近期关于费托合成反应催化剂的体相和表面敏感性方面的工作。通过深入理解以上参数对不同催化剂行为的影响,有助于指导设计开发出更高活性、稳定性以及更优选择性的催化剂。

关键词：费托合成 Fe Co Ru碳化物尺寸效应晶相结构