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Oviposition preference and larval performance of Epiphyas postvittana （Lepidoptera： Tortricidae） on Botrytis cinerea （Helotiales： Sclerotiniaceae） infected berries of Vitis vinifera （Vitales： Vitaceae）

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Insect Science 2016年第2期23卷 313-325页

作者： Syed Z. M. Rizvi Anantanarayanan Raman warwick M. Wheatley Geoffrey Cook School of Agricultural & Wine Sciences Graham Centre forAgricultural Innovation Charles Sturt University Orange NSW 2800 Austrafia

In this paper we tested the behavior of gravid Epiphyas postvittana in select- ing the most-appropriate site for oviposition thus benefitting offspring performance. Our hypothesis was built on Jaenike＇s preference-performance hypothesis （also referred to as the ＂mother-knows-the-best＂ hypothesis）. To test this, we used the interacting Epiphyas postvittana, its host Vitis vinifera, and the pathogenic microbe Botrytis cinerea system. Populations ofE. postvittana and B. cinerea often exist concurrently on 14. vinifera in Aus- tralasia and their interaction and mutual influence are currently being explored, although the suggestion presently is that the relationship between E. postvittana and B. cinerea is mutualistic. We tested the effect of volatiles from B. cinerea-infected berries and unin- fected （control） berries of V. vinifera on the oviposition behavior of E. postvittana. We also characterized the effects of B. cinerea infection on the berries of V. vinifera on the growth and development of E. postvittana. Contrary to the preference-performance hy- pothesis, oviposition choices made by gravid E. postvittana did not result in the best offspring survival, development, and performance. The preference for oviposition by E. postvittana was strongly influenced by the olfactory and tactile cues. She laid fewer eggs on B. cinerea-infected berries compared to uninfected berries of V. vinifera. The larvae of E. postvittana showed no preference to uninfected berries of V. vinifera. The larvae fed on B. cinerea-infected berries of V. vinifera showing greater survival rate, shorter time to pupation, greater pupal mass, and on becoming adults they laid more numbers of eggs than the larvae that were enabled to feed on uninfected berries. The larvae of E. postvittana transport the conidia of B. cinerea and transmit grey-mould disease to uninfected berries of V. vinifera.

关键词： larval development life-history performance light-brown apple moth ovipo-sition preference preference-performance hypothesis grapevine

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Long-term effects of mowing on plasticity and allometry of Leymus chinensis in a temperate semi-arid grassland,China

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Journal of Arid Land 2016年第6期8卷 899-909页

作者： LI Xiliang HOU Xiangyang REN Weibo Taogetao BAOYIN LIU Zhiying warwick BADGERY LI Yaqiong WU Xinhong XU Huimin National Forage Improvement Center Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources and Utilization of Ministry of AgricultureInstitute of Grassland ResearchChinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Ecology College of Life SciencesInner Mongolia University New South Wales Department of Primary Industries Orange Agricultural Institute

Mowing is an important land management practice for natural semi-arid regions. A growing body of empirical evidence shows that different mowing regimes affect the functioning of grassland ecosystems. However, the responses of plant functional traits to long-term mowing and their allometric scaling under long-term mowing are poorly understood. For a better understanding of the effects of mowing on grassland ecosystems, we analyzed the allometric traits of leaves and stems of Leymus chinensis （Trin.） Tzvel., a dominant grass species in eastern Eurasian temperate grassland, at different mowing intensities （no clipping, clipping once every two years, once a year and twice a year）. Experiments were conducted on plots established over a decade ago in a typical steppe of Xilinhot, Inner Mongolia, China. Results showed that most of the functional traits of L. chinensis decreased with the increased mowing intensity. The responses of leaves and stems to long-term mowing were asymmetric, in which leaf traits were more stable than stem traits. Also significant allometric relationships were found among most of the plant functional traits under the four mowing treatments. Sensitive traits of L. chinensis （e.g. leaf length and stem length） were primary indicators associated with aboveground biomass decline under high mowing intensity. In conclusion, the allometric growth of different functional traits of L. chinensis varies with different long-term mowing practices, which is likely to be a strategy used by the plant to adapt to the mowing disturbances.

关键词： Leymus chinensis allometry plant functional traits mowing semi-arid grassland Inner Mongolia

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海岸带湿地自由生活海洋线虫的生态功能研究进展

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科学通报 2014年第34期59卷 3043-3056页

作者：杜永芬高抒 warwick R M 华尔南京大学海岸与海岛开发教育部重点实验室南京210023 Plymouth Marine Laboratory Plymouth PLI 3DH UK 中国海洋大学海洋生命学院青岛266003

线虫是一种丝线状的小型多细胞动物,生存于多种环境.其中约有25%线虫栖息在海洋中,在海洋沉积物中的数量一般为1×10^6-12×10^6 inds m^-2,通常以泥质河口和盐沼区域密度最高.盐沼湿地中大量被固定的碳通常以碎屑通道形式进入生态系统... 详细信息

线虫是一种丝线状的小型多细胞动物,生存于多种环境.其中约有25%线虫栖息在海洋中,在海洋沉积物中的数量一般为1×10^6-12×10^6 inds m^-2,通常以泥质河口和盐沼区域密度最高.盐沼湿地中大量被固定的碳通常以碎屑通道形式进入生态系统,在此过程中海洋线虫通过摄食及生物扰动作用扮演重要角色.盐沼植被的生长对海岸带沉积环境产生重要影响,进而改变海洋线虫的分布模式.在微食物网中,海洋线虫通过与细菌/碎屑耦合,刺激细菌生长,进而加速营养物质的再矿化;海洋线虫是较高营养阶元的食物来源,也是微型和大型底栖动物的重要联接.此外,海洋线虫作为潜在的环境指示种,在生物监测领域被广泛应用.我国海岸带湿地跨越不同的气候带,但是该区域中有关海洋线虫现有资料非常匮乏.为了刻画海洋线虫在海岸湿地的区域生态功能,有必要深化海洋线虫的生物生态学基础研究,定量刻画海洋线虫在物质循环和能量流动的贡献.其中,生物多样性的估算是生态系统动力机制研究的核心内容.除室内和野外受控实验研究外,应通过构建数学模型来预测生态系统对环境扰动的响应.为了提高数据获取的效率,方法学的改进也应给予重视.

关键词：海洋线虫海岸湿地底栖食物网生物监测中国海岸带

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T-MOSAiC——A new circumpolar collaboration

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Advances in Polar Science 2019年第4期30卷 357-358页

作者： Diogo FOLHAS Joao CANARIO warwick F.VINCENT Centro Quimica Estrutural Instituto Superior TécnicoUniversidade de LisboaLisboaPortugal Centro de Estudos Geograficos IGOTUniversidade de LisboaLisboaPortugal Centre d´etudes nordiques&Departement de Biologie Universite LavalQuebec CityQCCanada

Atmospheric temperatures over northern regions of the world are rising at twice the global average,and one of the most conspicuous effects is the rapid and ongoing decline in summer sea ice in the Arctic *** improve understanding about the causes and consequences of this decline,the project‘Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate’(https://***/)commenced in September 2019,under the auspices of the International Arctic Science Committee(IASC).This project is an ambitious year-round set of observations of multiple aspects of the Arctic Ocean,sea ice and atmosphere,involving five icebreakers(notably the German vessel Polarstern that was frozen into the Arctic pack ice),and 600 science personnel from more than 20 nations.

关键词： T-MOSAiC Arctic cryosphere ecosystems communities sea ice

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Understanding sheep baa-haviour: Investigating the relationship between pasture and animal grazing patterns

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Grassland Research 2022年第3期1卷 143-156页

作者： Danica Parnell Igor Kardailsky Jacob Parnell warwick Brabazon Badgery Lachlan Ingram School of Life and Environmental Sciences The University of SydneyBrownlow HillNew South WalesAustralia NSW Department of Primary Industries Orange Agricultural InstituteOrangeNew South WalesAustralia RoZetta Technology SydneyNew South WalesAustralia

Background:Grasslands are the primary source of feed for grazing livestock,and as such,knowledge on how to best manage livestock and grasslands,through the use of spatiotemporal modelling,will assist in the long-term management of a valuable ecosystem ***:This study was conducted over 14 months between March and April 2017 in Orange,NSW,*** study evaluated sheep behaviour in relation to the presence of pasture species,environment and paddock structures,using random forest modelling,to predict sheep location under continuous high(HSR,13 DSE ha−1)and low(LSR,7DSE ha−1)stocking ***:In the LSR,significant drivers included water,shade and fence lines(p<0.01).In the HSR,only fence lines and available biomass were found to be significant(p<0.01).The presence of green legumes in both stocking rates often increased residency by *** spent more time together in the LSR,suggesting that social behaviour played a larger role than pasture quantity and quality in driving grazing ***:Understanding how pasture type can influence grazing behaviours and also how animal behaviour affects pasture performance and utilisation is important in developing long-term sustainable management strategies on a paddock scale.

关键词： behaviour GPS grazing interactions livestock grazing pasture production sheep wethers

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Evaluation of obstetrics procedure competency of family medicine residents

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Family Medicine and Community Health 2015年第2期3卷 69-78页

作者： Haijun Wang Eric warwick Maria CMejia de Grubb Nanfu Deng Jane Corboy Department of Family and Community Medicine Baylor College of MedicineHoustonTXUSA Medical School Baylor College of MedicineHoustonTXUSA Department of Family Medicine Oregon Health&Science University3181 SW Sam Jackson Park RdPortlandOR 97239-3098USA

Objective:To establish a procedure evaluation system to monitor residents’improvement in obstetrics(OB)procedures performance and skills during the training ***:A web-based procedure logging and evaluation system was developed using *** technology with a SQL server as a backend ***’logged OB proce-dures were captured by the *** OB procedures logged within 7 days were evaluated by supervising faculty using three observable outcomes(procedure competency,procedure-related medical knowledge level,and patient care).Results:Between 1 July 2005 and 30 June 2008,a total of 8543 procedures were reported,of which 1263 OB procedures were evaluated by supervising *** were significant varia-tions in the number of logged procedures by gender,residency track,and US versus non-US medi-cal *** 84%of the procedures were performed(independently or with assis-tance)by ***’procedure skills,procedure-related medical knowledge,and patient care skills improved over time,with significant variations by gender among the three ***:The benefits of specific evaluation of procedural competence in postgraduate medical education are well *** and reliable tools to assess and monitor resi-dents’procedural skills are warranted.

关键词： Resident procedure family medicine evaluation

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中国入世对国际经济影响的量化分析

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经济研究 2004年第4期39卷 16-25页

作者： warwick J. Mckibbin 胡永泰澳大利亚国立大学亚太研究院美国布鲁金斯研究所加州大学戴维斯分校经济系哥伦比亚大学地球所

中国工业品出口引起的竞争加剧会不会导致东南亚国家非工业化 ,使它们回到作为初级产品出口国的地位 ?或者 ,制造业产业链中是否存在东南亚国家可以专业化的有利空间 ?通过G Cubed亚太模型的模拟表明 ,中国大量劳动力全面进入国际劳动... 详细信息

中国工业品出口引起的竞争加剧会不会导致东南亚国家非工业化 ,使它们回到作为初级产品出口国的地位 ?或者 ,制造业产业链中是否存在东南亚国家可以专业化的有利空间 ?通过G Cubed亚太模型的模拟表明 ,中国大量劳动力全面进入国际劳动分工只有在满足以下两个条件的情况下才会导致东南亚国家的非工业化 :流向东南亚国家的国外直接投资大量地转向中国 ,并且东南亚国家放任FDI流入的下降从而降低由此带来的技术扩散。如果东南亚国家能够通过其它方式很快吸收国外新技术及提高本土技术创新能力阻止技术下降 ,那么它们就能在国际制造业产业链中找到有利空间。本文的政策含义是 :东南亚国家要通过向它们的科学家和管理者加速扩散新知识以及为那些下岗工人提供合适的再培训 ,从而将人力资本的深化与广化作为首要考虑的目标。

关键词：中国入世国际经济量化分析经济增长率 FDI 对外直接投资 TFP 全要素生产率 AP-GCUBED模型国际分工经济全球化

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泥煤和镍离子间作用研究初步

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洁净煤技术 2005年第4期11卷 44-45页

作者：刘峙嵘 Peter warwick 东华理工学院应用化学系江西抚州344000 拉夫堡大学化学系

泥煤如何吸附金属目前尚未定论,不同学者给出不同答案,笔者通过试验不同量泥煤在不同pH溶液中溶液pH前后变化,不同pH下泥煤吸附镍阳离子后溶液pH前后变化以及不同pH下溶液紫外吸收变化对比,结果表明泥煤具有一定缓冲性,不能仅以溶液酸... 详细信息

泥煤如何吸附金属目前尚未定论,不同学者给出不同答案,笔者通过试验不同量泥煤在不同pH溶液中溶液pH前后变化,不同pH下泥煤吸附镍阳离子后溶液pH前后变化以及不同pH下溶液紫外吸收变化对比,结果表明泥煤具有一定缓冲性,不能仅以溶液酸度变化来证明泥煤吸附镍离子的机理。

关键词：泥煤镍 pH 吸附

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Prospective randomized controlled trial evaluating cap-assisted colonoscopy vs standard colonoscopy

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第31期16卷 3905-3910页

作者： Hoi-Poh Tee Crispin Corte Hamdan Al-Ghamdi Emilia Prakoso John Darke Raman Chettiar Wassim Rahman Scott Davison Sean P Griffin warwick S Selby Arthur J Kaffes Gastroenterology Unit Medical DepartmentHospital Tengku Ampuan AfzanJalan Tanah Putih25100 KuantanPahang Malaysia AW Morrow Gastroenter-ology and Liver Centre Royal Prince Alfred HospitalMissen-den RoadCamperdownNSW 2050Australia Gastroenterology Unit Medical DepartmentQueen Elizabeth HospitalKarung Berkunci No.202988586 Kota KinabaluMalaysia

AIM: To study the significance of cap-fitted colonoscopy in improving cecal intubation time and polyp detection rate. METHODS: This study was a prospective randomized controlled trial conducted from March 2008 to February 2009 in a tertiary referral hospital at Sydney. The primary end point was cecal intubation time and the secondary endpoint was polyp detection rate. Consecutive cases of total colonoscopy over a 1-year period were recruited. Randomization into either standard colonoscopy (SC) or cap-assisted colonoscopy (CAC) was performed after consent was obtained. For cases randomized to CAC, one of the three sizes of cap was used: D-201-15004 (with a diameter of 15.3 mm), D-201-14304 (14.6 mm) and D-201-12704 (13.0 mm). All of these caps were produced by Olympus Medical Systems, Japan. Independent predictors for faster cecal time and better polyp detection rate were also determined from this study. RESULTS: There were 200 cases in each group. There was no signif icant difference in terms of demographic characteristics between the two groups. CAC, when compared to the SC group, had no signif icant difference in terms of cecal intubation rate (96.0% vs 97.0%, P = 0.40) and time (9.94 ± 7.05 min vs 10.34 ± 6.82 min, P = 0.21), or polyp detection rate (32.8% vs 31.3%, P = 0.75). On the subgroup analysis, there was no significant difference in terms of cecal intubation time by trainees (88.1% vs 84.8%, P = 0.40), ileal intubation rate (82.5% vs 79.0%, P = 0.38) or total colonoscopy time (23.24 ± 13.95 min vs 22.56 ± 9.94 min, P = 0.88). On multivariate analysis, the independent determinants of faster cecal time were consultant-performed procedures (P < 0.001), male patients (P < 0.001), non-usage of hyoscine (P < 0.001) and better bowel preparation (P = 0.01). The determinants of better polyp detection rate were older age (P < 0.001), no history of previous abdominal surgery (P = 0.04), patients not having esophagogastroduodenoscopy in the same setting (P = 0.003),

关键词： Cap Hood Cecum Colonoscopy Cecal intubation Colonic polyps

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Posttraumatic incarceration of medial collateral ligament into knee joint with anterior cruciate ligament injury

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Chinese Journal of Traumatology 2015年第6期18卷 367-369页

作者： Sunil Gurpur Kini Karel du Pre warwick Bruce Department of Orthopaedics Concord Repatriation General Hospital Concord West NSW 2128 Australia

Medial collateral ligament of the knee is an important coronal stabiliser and often injured in isolation or as combination of injuries. The article reports a case of incarcerated medial collateral ligament （MCL） injury in combination with anterior cruciate ligament （ACL） injury in 20 year old male who presented to us 4 weeks after injury. Clinical examination and MRI was correlated to complete ACL tear with torn distal MCL and incarceration into the joint. Patient was taken up for ACL hamstring graft reconstruction with mini-arthrotomy and repair of the torn MCL. Patient was followed up with dedicated rehabilitation protocol with good functional results. At one year follow-up, patient exhibited full range of motion with negative Lachman, Pivot shift and valgus stress tests. This article highlights the rare pattern of MCL tear and also reviews the literature on this pattern of injury.

关键词： Medial collateral ligament Knee Anterior cruciate ligament Reconstruction Knee joint

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