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Morphological Variations,Distribution and Population Estimation of Indian Spiny Tailed Liza rd(Uromastyx hardwickii Gray,1827)from District Bahawalnagar,Punjab,Pakistan

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Asian Herpetological Research 2020年第3期11卷 257-262页

作者： Waqas ali Arshad JAVID Saddam HUSSAIN ali HUSSAIN Syed Mohsin BUKHARI Department of Wildlife and Ecology University of Veterinary and Animal SciencesLahorePakistan

This study was conducted in selected sites of District Bahawalnagar namely,Shaheed Chowk,Chak40/F,Chak 163/7 R and Fareedkot Tiba between March 2019 and August 2019.Sampling techniques included recording of burrows,flooding,burrow exaction,noose traps and pit fall traps were used to capture Uromast yx hardwickii.During this survey150 individuals were captured from study area for morphological measurement and population estimation.The average snout to vent length(SVL)of male,female and juveniles were(172.50±19.71)mm,(155.50±18.72)mm and(86.25±11.72)mm respectively.The average weight of male,female and juvenile was(93.06±8.56)g,(88.16±7.95)g and(40.16±4.30)g respectively.The relative abundance(Pi)of males,females and juveniles were 0.53,0.33 and 0.13.Indian spiny tailed lizard(U.hardwickii)has been listed in the IUCN Red list and CITES.Major threats to the species in the study area are increase in urbanization,habitat fragmentation,illegal hunting for meat and fat.In this regard strict implementation of the Wildlife act is needed to protect the wildlife of Punjab.Furthermore,comprehensive surveys are required in throughout Punjab to declare conservation status of U.hardwickii.

关键词： habitat morphological characters population Uromastyx hardwickii

N-Body Simulation Inspired by Metaheuristics Optimization

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Computer Systems Science & Engineering 2022年第6期41卷 1143-1155页

作者： Muhammad ali Ismail Maria waqas Farah Sadiq National Center in Big Data and Cloud Computing Department of Computer and Info Systems EngineeringNED University of Engineering and TechnologyKarachiPakistan

The N-body problem in classical physics, is the calculation of force ofgravitational attraction of heavenly bodies towards each other. Solving this problem for many heavenly bodies has always posed a challenge to physicists andmathematicians. Large number of bodies, huge masses, long distances and exponentially increasing number of equations of motion of the bodies have been themajor hurdles in solving this problem for large and complex galaxies. Adventof high performance computational machines have mitigated the problem to muchextent, but still for large number of bodies it consumes huge amount of resourcesand days for computation. Conventional algorithms have been able to reduce thecomputational complexity from O n2 ð Þ to O nlogn ð Þ by splitting the space into atree or mesh network, researchers are still looking for improvements. In thisresearch work we propose a novel solution to N-body problem inspired by metaheuristics algorithms. The proposed algorithm is simulated for various time periods of selected heavenly bodies and analyzed for speed and accuracy. Theresults are compared with that of conventional algorithms. The outcomes showabout 50% time saving with almost no loss in accuracy. The proposed approachbeing a metaheuristics optimization technique, attempts to find optimal solution tothe problem, searching the entire space in a unique and efficient manner in a verylimited amount of time.

关键词： N-body problem metaheuristics optimization particle swarm optimization heavenly bodies

环境规制约束下区域创新对碳压力水平的影响研究

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管理学报 2019年第1期16卷 85-95页

作者：马歆薛天天 Waqas ali 王继东华北水利水电大学管理与经济学院华中科技大学经济学院

以2000～2015年中国区域面板数据为样本,测算了碳压力水平,分析了其总体特征,讨论了区域创新、环境规制和碳压力水平之间的理论框架,并应用全局因子分析法从技术创新、产业创新和制度创新3个维度对区域创新能力进行了分解。运用面板门... 详细信息

以2000～2015年中国区域面板数据为样本,测算了碳压力水平,分析了其总体特征,讨论了区域创新、环境规制和碳压力水平之间的理论框架,并应用全局因子分析法从技术创新、产业创新和制度创新3个维度对区域创新能力进行了分解。运用面板门槛模型实证检验了区域创新对碳压力水平变化的影响,研究发现:中国碳压力水平从盈余转变成超载的状态,在区域之间存在较大差异,碳汇增长速度滞后;环境规制对区域创新存在门槛效应,在一定的门槛值区间内,区域创新对碳压力水平改善起到正向效应,即"波特假说"是有条件成立的;区域基础异质性会对碳压力水平的变化产生不同的影响。研究表明,必须实施差异化的环境规制政策引导区域创新方向,实现低碳化转型并减少社会福利损失。

关键词：区域创新环境规制全局因子分析面板门槛模型碳压力

电迁移对单晶基体全IMC焊点的结构演变及取向关系的影响

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电迁移对单晶基体全IMC焊点的结构演变及取向关系的影响

作者： Hafiz Waqas ali 大连理工大学

学位级别：硕士

微电子封装技术通过将微电子产品的各个单元连接起来实现器件功能的互连技术。在电子制造业中,电子元件通过焊点与印刷电路板(PCBs)相连,金属基板对电子封装的可靠性起着至关重要的作用。其中,镍和铜都是非常常见的金属基板。镍在CuSn... 详细信息

微电子封装技术通过将微电子产品的各个单元连接起来实现器件功能的互连技术。在电子制造业中,电子元件通过焊点与印刷电路板(PCBs)相连,金属基板对电子封装的可靠性起着至关重要的作用。其中,镍和铜都是非常常见的金属基板。镍在CuSn中显示出相当大的溶解度。热力学分析表明,Ni添加剂能稳定(Cu,Ni)Sn的结构。铜也因其比铝更优良的导电性能和对电迁移的敏感性而在工业上得到广泛的应用。微型化的发展趋势导致焊点尺寸向微尺度减小,这对如电迁移、热迁移、晶体取向和基片间的交互作用等产生了严重的影响。电迁移(EM)已成为倒装芯片焊点最令人担忧的关键可靠性问题之一。迄今为止,在Sn基焊点中已有大量电迁移引起的不同失效模式的报道。而不同基板对焊点电迁移的影响仍需进一步研究。本文采用同步辐射实时成像技术原位观察了Cu/Sn/(001)Ni和Cu/Sn/(001)Cu线性焊点的电迁移行为,阐明了IMC的生长机理,并对电迁移过程中IMC和基板之间的取向关系进行了表征。结果表明,电流驱动下,Cu/Sn/(001)Ni线性焊点中IMC形貌由初始的相互垂直转变为短棒状,而Cu/Sn/(001)Cu线性焊点中的IMC形貌得以保持。电流驱动能加速IMC生长,在Cu/Sn/(001)Ni线性焊点中,IMC的生长速率为2.92μm/min,略低于Cu/Sn/(001)Cu焊点中IMC的生长速率。电迁移过程中,(Cu,Ni)Sn的[0001]方向逐渐趋于与电流方向平行,直至形成全IMC焊点结构;而单晶Cu基板上形成的IMC与基板之间存在如下取向关系:{001}∥{11-20},∥。利用电流驱动键合(CDB)的方法能够制备具有择优取向的全IMC焊点结构,这在三维集成电路(3D-IC)封装中具有潜在的应用价值。

关键词：电迁移单晶(001)Ni 单晶(001)Cu 取向关系金属间化合物

Elevating Image Steganography:A Fusion of MSB Matching and LSB Substitution for Enhanced Concealment Capabilities

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第5期79卷 2923-2943页

作者： Muhammad Zaman ali Omer Riaz Hafiz Muhammad Hasnain waqas Sharif Tenvir ali Gyu Sang Choi Department of Information Technology The Islamia University of BahawalpurBahawalpur63100Pakistan Department of Computer Science The Islamia University of BahawalpurBahawalpur63100Pakistan School of Computer Science and Engineering Yeungnam UniversityGyeongbuk38541Korea

In today’s rapidly evolving landscape of communication technologies,ensuring the secure delivery of sensitive data has become an essential priority.To overcome these difficulties,different steganography and data encryption methods have been proposed by researchers to secure communications.Most of the proposed steganography techniques achieve higher embedding capacities without compromising visual imperceptibility using LSB substitution.In this work,we have an approach that utilizes a combinationofMost SignificantBit(MSB)matching andLeast Significant Bit(LSB)substitution.The proposed algorithm divides confidential messages into pairs of bits and connects them with the MSBs of individual pixels using pair matching,enabling the storage of 6 bits in one pixel by modifying a maximum of three bits.The proposed technique is evaluated using embedding capacity and Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio(PSNR)score,we compared our work with the Zakariya scheme the results showed a significant increase in data concealment capacity.The achieved results of ourwork showthat our algorithmdemonstrates an improvement in hiding capacity from11%to 22%for different data samples while maintaining a minimumPeak Signal-to-Noise Ratio(PSNR)of 37 dB.These findings highlight the effectiveness and trustworthiness of the proposed algorithm in securing the communication process and maintaining visual integrity.

关键词： Steganography most significant bit(MSB) least significant bit(LSB) peak signal-to-noise ratio(PSNR)

一种新型含炔基的聚合2-乙基-2-噁唑啉引发剂的合成（英文）

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Physics 2018年第1期31卷 77-84,I0002页

作者： Muhammad Waqas ali 高亚婷 Muhammad Siddiq 叶晓东中国科学技术大学化学物理系、合肥微尺度物质科学国家研究中心合肥230026 中国科学技术大学、中国科学院软物质化学重点实验室合肥230026 巴基斯坦真纳大学化学系伊斯兰堡453201

本文利用2-苯基-1，3-二氧六环-5-醇合成了含有一个炔基和两个三氟甲磺酸酯基的三官能团引发剂．首先，2-苯基-1，3-二氧六环-5-醇与炔丙溴反应制得含炔基的中间体．然后在稀盐酸和四氢呋喃水溶液中反应制得含双羟基的中间体，最后在四... 详细信息

本文利用2-苯基-1，3-二氧六环-5-醇合成了含有一个炔基和两个三氟甲磺酸酯基的三官能团引发剂．首先，2-苯基-1，3-二氧六环-5-醇与炔丙溴反应制得含炔基的中间体．然后在稀盐酸和四氢呋喃水溶液中反应制得含双羟基的中间体，最后在四氯化碳中与三氟甲磺酸酐反应制得新型引发剂．该引发剂的结构由核磁共振氢谱确认．并且用该引发剂引发2-乙基-2-噁唑啉的聚合，得到窄分布的聚合物．作为对比，本文同时合成了一种含两个甲苯磺酸基的引发剂，由于两个甲苯磺酸基之间存在较大的空间位阻，该引发剂聚合所得的聚（2-乙基-2-噁唑啉）分布较宽，并且在反应后的体系中存在大量的未反应的引发剂．为了进一步研宄位阻效应对2-乙基-2-噁唑啉聚合的影响，合成了一线性的含一个甲苯磺酸基的引发剂，用该引发剂引发聚合体系中仍有大量未反应的引发剂存在，说明位阻效应和亲电平衡均会影响2-乙基-2-噁唑啉的阳离子开环效率．聚合物分子量及分子量分布通过核磁共振氢谱，基质辅助激光解吸电离-时间飞行质谱和尺寸排阻色谱表征．

关键词：亲电性 2-乙基-2-噁唑啉位阻效应三氟甲磺酸酯

Techno-economic assessment of energy generation through municipal solid waste:a case study for small/medium size districts in Pakistan

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Waste Disposal and Sustainable Energy 2020年第4期2卷 337-350页

作者： Ubaid Ur Rehman Zia Tanzeel ur Rashid Muzaffar ali waqas Nazir Awan Sustainable Development Policy Institute IslamabadPakistan Mechanical Engineering Department University of Engineering and TechnologyTaxilaPakistan

There is an increase in annual waste generation due to urbanization,industrialization,and population growth.The waste management crisis in developing countries and its complexity from region to region has inspired extensive research work in this area.Poor management not only results in environmental hazards,but it also causes significant socio-economic losses.Due to the absence of comprehensive studies on waste to energy(WTE)assessment,this study assesses and reports the merits of alternative technologies for converting WTE in small and medium-size districts.Quantitative analysis for waste collection data in this study uses a pilot study approach to provide useful insights and waste classification.A cantonment district of Pakistan(Wah Cantt)has been used as a case study for performing a technological and economic assessment of energy generation through the use of thermal and biological treatment processes.A mathematical modeling approach has been adopted for generating an economic value of each technology through which this waste can be processed.Further,the levelized cost of energy(LCOE)based assessment has been performed to provide a methodological framework for selecting the most feasible WTE technology in a small or medium-size district.Based on the model results,anaerobic digestion appears to be the most sustainable technology due to the organic nature of waste in Wah Cantt,land legislation,and availability of area to install a waste plant.Considering all the waste collected,the district can generate approximately 14.4 MW of energy through thermal treatment,19,110 m^(3) of daily biogas through anaerobic digestion,and 5 million tons of fertilizer through composting.Hence,if a proper supply chain is established for converting a portion of Pakistan’s annual waste generation,a significant amount of waste energy potential can be restored.

关键词： Municipal solid waste Waste to energy Levelized cost of energy Technological assessment Economic assessment

Thoracic impalement injury: A survivor with large metallic object in-situ

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Chinese Journal of Traumatology 2018年第6期21卷 369-372页

作者： Randhawa Muhammad Afzal Muhammad Armughan Muhammad waqas Javed Usman ali Rizvi Sajida Naseem Department of Surgery. Bahawal Victoria Hospital Q_uaid-E-Azam Medical College Bahawalpur Pakistan

Impalement injuries, is a severe form of trauma, which are not common in civilian life. These injuries rarely occurs in major accidents. Abdomen, chest, limbs and perineum are often involved due to their large surface area. Thoracic impalement injury is usually a fatal injury, due to location of major vessels and heart in the thoracic cavity. These injuries are horrifying to site, but the patients who are lucky enough to make it to hospital, usually survive. Chances of survival are larger in right sided impalement injuries while central injuries are always died at the scene.Our patient, 25 years old male, was brought to the emergency room (ER) with large impaled metallic bar (about 2.5 feet long) in situ, in right sided chest. The patient was immediately shifted to operation room (OR) and was operated, his recovery was uneventful without any sequelae.Such patients should be treated and resuscitated according to advanced trauma life support (ATLS) protocols and operated without any delay for further investigations. Such operations are carried out by the most experienced surgeon team available. The impaled objects should not be processed if not necessary to avoid major hemorrhage and damage to vital structures, until the patient is in operation room. Large size and unusual position of impaled objects, makes the job difficult for surgeons/anesthetists.Although horrifying at scene, patients with thoracic impalement injuries are mostly young and healthy, and those who survive the pre-hospital phase are potentially manageable with proper resuscitation. Usually these patients make recovery without any further complications.

关键词： Impalement Injury Thoracic Metallic object Traffic accident Sequela

Detailed investigation of optimized alkali catalyzed transesterification of Jatropha oil for biodiesel production

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2015年第3期24卷 331-336页

作者： waqas Ahmed Muhammad Faizan Nazar Syed Danish ali Usman ali Rana Salah Ud-Din Khan National Centre for Physics Quaid-i-Azam University Campus Office of Research Innovation and CommercializationUniversity of Gujrat Department of Chemistry University of Gujrat Sustainable Energy Technologies (SET) Center College of EngineeringPO-Box 800King Saud University

The non-edible oils are believed to be one of the major feedstock for the production of biodiesel in future.In the present study,we investigated the production of Jatropha oil methyl esters（JOMEs） via alkali-catalyzed transesterification route.The biophysical characteristics of Jatropha oil were found within the optimal range in accordance with ASTM standards as a substitute diesel fuel.The chemical composition and production yield of as-synthesized biodiesel were confirmed by various analytical techniques such as FT-IR,1H NMR,13 C NMR and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry.A high percentage conversion,～96.09%,of fatty acids into esters was achieved under optimized transesterification conditions with 6 ：1 oil to methanol ratio and 0.9 wt% Na OH for 50 min at ～60°C.Moreover,twelve fatty acids methyl esters（FAME） were quantified in the GC/MS analysis and it was interesting to note that the mass fragmentation pattern of saturated,monounsaturated and diunsaturated FAME was comparable with the literature reported values.

关键词： Jatropha oil methyl esters transesterification biodiesel fuel gas chromatography mass spectrometry