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Seasonal variation in surface ozone and its regional characteristics at global atmosphere watch stations in China

Journal of Environmental Sciences 2019年第3期31卷 291-302页

作者： Ningwei Liu Weili Lin Jianzhong Ma wanyun xu Xiaobin xu Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather & CMA Key Laboratory for Atmospheric Chemistry Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences Shenyang Institute of Atmospheric Environment China Meteorological Administration College of Life & Environmental Science Minzu University of China

We investigated the seasonal and spatial ozone variations in China by using three-year surface ozone observation data from the six Chinese Global Atmosphere Watch(GAW)stations and tropospheric column ozone data from satellite retrieval over the period2010–2012. It is shown that the seasonal ozone variations at these GAW stations are rather different, particularly between the western and eastern locations. Compared with western China, eastern China has lower background ozone levels. However, the Asian summer monsoon(ASM) can transport photochemical pollutants from the southern to the northern areas in eastern China, leading to a northward gradual enhancement of background ozone levels at the eastern GAW stations. Over China, the tropospheric column ozone densities peak during spring and summer in the areas that are directly and/or indirectly affected by the ASM, and the peak time lags from the south to the north in eastern China. We also investigated the regional representativeness of seasonal variations of ozone at the six Chinese GAW stations using the yearly maximum tropospheric column month as *** results show that the seasonal variation characteristics of ozone revealed by the Chinese GAW stations are typical, with each station having a considerable large surrounding area with the ozone maximum occurring at the same month. Ozone variations at the GAW stations are influenced by many complex factors and their regional representativeness needs to be investigated further in a broader sense.

关键词： Surface ozone Tropospheric ozone column GAW stations Seasonal variations Regional representativeness

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Influence of meteorological factors on open biomass burning at a background site in Northeast China

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第4期138卷 1-9页

作者： Yulong Wang Linlin Liang wanyun xu Chang Liu Hongbing Cheng Yusi Liu Gen Zhang Xiaobin xu Dajiang Yu Peng Wang Qingli Song Jiumeng Liu Yuan Cheng State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment School of EnvironmentHarbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150090China State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather&Key Laboratory for Atmospheric Chemistry Chinese Academy of Meteorological SciencesBeijing 100081China Longfengshan Regional Background Station China Meteorological AdministrationHeilongjiang 150200China Heilongjiang Climate Center Heilongjiang 150030China

Biomass burning(BB)is a very important emission source that significantly adversely impacts regional air *** produces a large number of primary organic aerosol(POA)and black carbon(BC).Besides,BB also provides many precursors for secondary organic aerosol(SOA)*** this work,the ratio of levoglucosan(LG)to organic carbon(OC)and the fire hotspots map was used to identify the open biomass burning(OBB)events,which occurred in two representative episodes,October 13 to November 30,2020,and April1 to April 30,*** ratio of organic aerosol(OA)to reconstructed PM_(2.5)concentration(PM_(2.5)^(*))increased with the increase of LG/*** LG/OC ratio is higher than 0.03,the highest OA/PM_(2.5)^(*)ratio can reach 80%,which means the contribution of OBB to OA is *** to the ratio of LG to K^(+),LG to mannosan(MN)and the regional characteristics of Longfengshan,it can be determined that the crop residuals are the main *** occurrence of OBB coincides with farmers’preferred choices,i.e.,burning biomass in“bright weather”.The“bright weather”refers to the meteorological conditions with high temperature,low humidity,and without *** factors indirectly affect regional biomass combustion pollution by influencing farmers’active choices.

关键词： Air pollution Biomass burning Meteorological factors Organic trace Agricultural fires

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Variability of SO_2 in an intensive fog in North China Plain:Evidence of high solubility of SO_2

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Particuology 2013年第1期11卷 41-47页

作者： Qiang Zhang xuexi Tie Weili Lin Junji Cao Jiannong Quan Liang Ran wanyun xu Beijing Weather Modification Office Key Laboratory of Aerosol SKLLQGInstitute of Earth EnvironmentChinese Academy of Sciences Center for Atmospheric Research BoulderCOUSA Chinese Academy of Meteorological Science Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences School of PhysicsPeking University

A field experiment was conducted in an intensive fog event between November 5 and November 8, 2009, in a heavily SO2-polluted area in North China Plain （NCP）, to measure SO2 and other air pollutants, liquid water content （LWC） of fog droplets, and other basic meteorological parameters. During the fog period, the concentrations of SO2 showed large variability, which was closely related to the LWC in the fog droplets. The averaged concentration of SO2 during non-fog periods was about 25 ppbv, while during the fog period, it rapidly reduced to about 4-7 ppbv. Such large reduction of SO2 suggested that a majority of SO2 （about 70%-80%） had reverted from gas to aqueous phase on account of the high solubility of SO2 in water in the fog droplets. However, the calculated gas to aqueous phase conversion was largely underestimated by merely using the Henry＇s Law constant of SO2, thus suggesting that aqueous reaction of SO2 in fog droplets might play some important role in enhancing the solubility of SO2. To simplify the phenomenon, an ＂effective solubility coefficient＂ is proposed in this study. This variability of SO2 measurement during the extensive fog event provides direct evidence of oxidation of SO2 in fog droplets, thus providing important implications for better understanding of the acidity in clouds, precipitation, and fogs in NCP, now a central environmental focus in China due to its rapid economic development.

关键词： Solubility of SO2 Fogs in the North China Plain Aqueous phase reactions

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Influence of High Relative Humidity on Secondary Organic Carbon: Observations at a Background Site in East China

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Journal of Meteorological Research 2019年第5期33卷 905-913页

作者： Linlin LIANG Guenter ENGLING Yuan CHENG Xiaoye ZHANG Junying SUN wanyun xu Chang LIU Gen ZHANG Hui xu xuyan LIU Qianli MA State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather&Key Laboratory for Atmospheric Chemistry Chinese Academy of Meteorological SciencesChina Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081China State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex Beijing 100084China Division of Atmospheric Sciences Desert Research InstituteRenoNV 89512USA California Air Resources Board CA 91731USA School of Environment Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150001China National Satellite Meteorological Center China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081China Lin'an Regional Atmosphere Background Station Lin'an 311307China

To investigate the impacts of relative humidity(RH) on secondary organic aerosol(SOA) concentrations and chemical reactions, the carbonaceous aerosol components [i.e., organic carbon(OC) and element carbon(EC)] were quantified in daily PM2.5 samples collected at a background site in East China during summer 2015. Based on the method of EC-tracer, the concentration of secondary organic carbon(SOC) demonstrated an obvious negative relationship with RH higher than 60%. Moreover, the ratio of SOC/EC also exhibited obvious decreasing trends with increasing RH, indicating negative effects for chemical production of SOA under high RH conditions. Due to high RH,photochemistry was weakened, gaseous oxidant concentrations was lowered(e.g., significantly decreased O3 levels),and the production rates of SOA were relatively low. On the other hand, because of more water uptake under higher RH conditions, the aerosol droplet acidity was reduced and enhancement of SOA formation by acidity was accordingly absent. In addition, high RH also plays an important role in changing viscosity of pre-existing aerosol coatings,which can affect reactive uptake yield of SOA. Overall, the results from this study imply that SOA production may be more associated with photochemical processes, while aqueous-phase chemistry is not very important for some SOA formation in a moist ambient environment. In the ambient atmosphere, oxidant concentrations, reaction rates,airborne species, etc., are highly variable. How do these factors affect SOA yields under given ambient environment warrants further detailed investigations.

关键词： relative humidity organic aerosol secondary organic carbon(SOC) photochemistry aqueous-phase

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Volatile organic compounds in wintertime North China Plain:Insights from measurements of proton transfer reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometer(PTR-ToF-MS)

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2022年第4期34卷 98-114页

作者： Xianjun He Bin Yuan Caihong Wu Sihang Wang Chaomin Wang Yibo Huangfu Jipeng Qi Nan Ma wanyun xu Ming Wang Wentai Chen Hang Su Yafang Cheng Min Shao Institute for Environmental and Climate Research Jinan UniversityGuangzhou 511443China Guangdong-Hongkong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality Guangzhou 511443China State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather&Key Laboratory for Atmospheric Chemistry of China Meteorology Administration Chinese Academy of Meteorological SciencesBeijing 100081China Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution ControlSchool of Environmental Science and EngineeringNanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing 210044China Nanjing Intelligent Environmental Science and Technology Co. Ltd.Nanjing 211800China Max Planck Institute for Chemistry Mainz 55128Germany

The characteristics of wintertime volatile organic compounds(VOCs)in the North China Plain(NCP)region are complicated and remain *** measurements were conducted by a proton transfer reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometer(PTR-ToF-MS)at a rural site in the NCP from November to December *** ions measured by PTRToF-MS were quantified and the overall VOC compositions were investigated by combining the measurements of PTR-ToF-MS and gas chromatography-mass spectrometer/flame ionization detector(GC-MS/FID).The measurement showed that although atmospheric VOCs concentrations are often dominated by primary emissions,the secondary formation of oxygenated VOCs(OVOCs)is non-negligible in the wintertime,i.e.,OVOCs accounts for 42%±7%in the total VOCs(151.3±75.6 ppbV).We demonstrated that PTR-MS measurements for isoprene are substantially overestimated due to the interferences of *** chemical changes of organic carbon in a pollution accumulation period were investigated,which suggests an essential role of fragmentation reactions for large,chemically reduced compounds during the heavy-polluted stage in wintertime *** changes of emission ratios of VOCs between winter 2011 and winter 2018 in the NCP support the positive effect of“coal to gas”strategies in curbing air *** high abundances of some key species(*** aromatics)indicate the strong emissions of coal combustion in wintertime of *** ratio of naphthalene to C8 aromatics was proposed as a potential indicator of the influence of coal combustion on VOCs.

关键词： North China Plain Volatile organic compound Wintertime PTR-ToF-MS

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A modeling study of the regional representativeness of surface ozone variation at the WMO/GAW background stations in China

A modeling study of the regional representativeness of surfa...

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第二十四届大气污染防治技术研讨会

作者： Ningwei Liu Jianzhong Ma wanyun xu Yuhang Wang Andrea Pozzer Jos Lelieveld Institute of Atmospheric Environment China Meteorological Administration State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather & CMA Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences Georgian Institute of Technology Max Planck Institute for Chemistry

Six World Meteorological Organization(WMO)/Global Atmosphere Watch(GAW) stations are located at background sites in China, which constitute a network for monitoring surface ozone, including its long-term temporal variation. In this study, we evaluated the seasonal variation in surface ozone simulated by the ECHAM/MESSy Atmospheric Chemistry(EMAC) general circulation model with the measurements made at these WMO/GAW background stations for the period of 2010–2012, and investigated the regional representativeness of each station with respect to the seasonal variation in surface ozone. We determined the contributions of ozone originating from various tropospheric and stratospheric latitude bands based on EMAC simulations using a tagged tracer approach. The results showed that the predominant contribution to surface ozone was from the troposphere in northern middle-high and tropical latitudes. For each station there was a large surrounding area in which the yearly ozone maximum occurred in the same month as it did at the station, reflecting the regional characteristics of the seasonal variation in surface ozone recorded at the WMO/GAW background stations. Surface ozone in China was found to generally peak in summer over non-monsoon and mid-latitude monsoon regions and in spring over low-latitude monsoon regions, indicating that the regional representativeness of ozone variability in China is significantly influenced by the Asian summer monsoon.

关键词： Surface ozone variation GAW stations Regional representativeness Asian summer monsoon

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Exploring HONO formation and its role in driving secondary pollutants formation during winter in the North China Plain

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2023年第10期132卷 83-97页

作者： Shaobin Zhang Guo Li Nan Ma Yao He Shaowen Zhu Xihao Pan Wenlin Dong Yanyan Zhang Qingwei Luo Jeannine Ditas Uwe Kuhn Yuxuan Zhang Bin Yuan Zelong Wang Peng Cheng Juan Hong Jiangchuan Tao wanyun xu Ye Kuang Qiaoqiao Wang Yele Sun Guangsheng Zhou Yafang Cheng Hang Su Institute for Environmental and Climate Research Jinan UniversityGuangzhou 511443China Guangdong-Hongkong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality Guangzhou 511443China Max Planck Institute for Chemistry Mainz 55128Germany School of Atmospheric Sciences Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China Institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Environment Jinan UniversityGuangzhou 510632China State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather&Key Laboratory for Atmospheric Chemistry Institute of Atmospheric CompositionChinese Academy of Meteorological SciencesBeijing 100081China State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Gucheng Experimental Station of Ecological and Agricultural Meteorology Chinese Academy of Meteorological SciencesBeijing 100081China

Daytime HONO photolysis is an important source of atmospheric hydroxyl radicals(OH).Knowledge of HONO formation chemistry under typical haze conditions,however,is still *** the Multiphase chemistry experiment in Fogs and Aerosols in the North China Plain in 2018,we investigated the wintertime HONO formation and its atmospheric implications at a rural site *** different episodes based on atmospheric aerosol loading levels were classified:clean periods(CPs),moderately polluted periods(MPPs)and severely polluted periods(SPPs).Correlation analysis revealed that HONO formation via *** conversion of NO_(2)was more efficient on aerosol surfaces than on ground,highlighting the important role of aerosols in promoting HONO *** HONO budget analysis indicated a large missing source(with an average production rate of 0.66±0.26,0.97±0.47 and 1.45±0.55 ppbV/hr for CPs,MPPs and SPPs,respectively),which strongly correlated with photo-enhanced reactions(NO_(2)heterogeneous reaction and particulate nitrate photolysis).Average OH formation derived from HONO photolysis reached up to(0.92±0.71),(1.75±1.26)and(1.82±1.47)ppbV/hr in CPs,MPPs and SPPs respectively,much higher than that from O3 photolysis(i.e.,(0.004±0.004),(0.006±0.007)and(0.0035±0.0034)ppbV/hr).Such high OH production rates could markedly regulate the atmospheric oxidation capacity and hence promote the formation of secondary aerosols and pollutants.

关键词： HONO North China Plain Budget analysis OH radicals

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北京城区冬春季过氧化氢浓度变化特征

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应用气象学报 2018年第4期29卷 474-486页

作者：宫艺姝徐晓斌徐婉筠张根中国气象科学研究院灾害天气国家重点实验室中国气象局大气化学重点开放实验室北京100081

大气过氧化氢(H_2O_2)是一种重要的光化学产物,也是硫酸盐气溶胶生成及降水酸化过程的关键氧化剂。然而,我国对H_2O_2的观测研究较少,尤其对雾霾期间H_2O_2浓度变化特征认识不足。该文介绍了冬春时段(2016年12月—2017年4月)在北京城区... 详细信息

大气过氧化氢(H_2O_2)是一种重要的光化学产物,也是硫酸盐气溶胶生成及降水酸化过程的关键氧化剂。然而,我国对H_2O_2的观测研究较少,尤其对雾霾期间H_2O_2浓度变化特征认识不足。该文介绍了冬春时段(2016年12月—2017年4月)在北京城区中国气象局的H_2O_2观测结果,并结合同期O_3,PAN,NO_x,PM_(2.5)等污染物和气象要素观测数据,分析H_2O_2浓度变化特征与影响因素。观测结果表明:观测期间H_2O_2体积混合比(简称为浓度)为(0.65±0.59)×10^(-9),其中,春季浓度(0.83±0.67)×10^(-3)高于冬季浓度(0.51±0.47)×10^(-9),H_2O_2平均日变化基本呈现单峰特征,峰值出现在18:00-21:00,比其他地区峰值出现稍晚,并滞后于O_3峰值时间4～7h;相对湿度对H_2O_2日峰值时间和浓度水平有影响,小于55%时日峰值出现于18:00-24:00,平均峰值浓度1.52×10^(-9);大于65%时日峰值出现于11:00—16:00,日峰值浓度均小于1×10^(-9)。H_2O_2,O_3和PAN虽然同属光化学产物,但在不同污染状况下浓度水平和变化趋势差异明显;H_2O_2清洁日峰值浓度高于污染日,但11:00-15:00污染日浓度略高于清洁日。

关键词：大气过氧化氢北京城区冬春季浓度变化特征影响因素

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考虑时序相关性的需求侧资源可调节功率域聚合方法

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电力系统保护与控制 2024年第15期52卷 58-68页

作者：李晓露徐婉云柳劲松林顺富上海电力大学电气工程学院上海200090 国网上海市电力公司电力科学研究院上海200437

在新能源高比例接入电网的背景下,需充分利用需求侧资源的灵活可调特性以保证电网的安全稳定与经济性。针对需求侧资源多样、数量多、容量小且分布广的特点,提出一种考虑时序相关性的需求侧资源可调节功率域聚合方法。首先,考虑需求侧... 详细信息

在新能源高比例接入电网的背景下,需充分利用需求侧资源的灵活可调特性以保证电网的安全稳定与经济性。针对需求侧资源多样、数量多、容量小且分布广的特点,提出一种考虑时序相关性的需求侧资源可调节功率域聚合方法。首先,考虑需求侧资源功率调节的时序相关性,以相邻时段可调节功率域来量化其功率调节能力。其次,基于闵可夫斯基之和及上下边界近似法提出可调节功率域聚合方法,采用自适应分布鲁棒优化算法求解近似可行域边界辨识模型,确保其聚合最优性和解的可行性。然后,通过时段聚类方法得到适用于日前调度的多时段可调节功率域,降低计算复杂度。最后,通过算例对比分析可知,所提方法具有更高的计算效率和近似精度。

关键词：需求侧资源时序相关性上下边界近似方法可调节功率域聚合

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基于电力用户用电行为画像的个性化营销方法

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自动化应用 2024年第2期65卷 72-74页

作者：徐婉芸国网青海省电力公司刚察县供电公司青海海北812300

针对现有电力营销方法在实际应用中存在严重不合理、无法满足用户用电负荷所需或造成电力资源严重浪费等问题,引入电力用户用电行为画像理论,开展对个性化营销方法的设计研究。利用电力用户用电行为画像,生成特征标签;结合t-SNE降维,提... 详细信息

针对现有电力营销方法在实际应用中存在严重不合理、无法满足用户用电负荷所需或造成电力资源严重浪费等问题,引入电力用户用电行为画像理论,开展对个性化营销方法的设计研究。利用电力用户用电行为画像,生成特征标签;结合t-SNE降维,提取日典型负荷;通过对峰、谷、平时段电价调整,达到削峰填谷的目的,实现个性化电力营销。结果表明,采用新的营销方法提供的电力负荷能在充分满足用户用电的同时,减少电力资源的浪费,提升电力企业的经济效益。

关键词：电力用户画像营销个性化用电行为

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