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Deciphering Water Oxidation Catalysts: The Dominant Role of Surface Chemistry over Reconstruction Degree in Activity Promotion

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NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2025年第1期17卷 1-15页

作者： An, Li Li, Jianyi Sun, Yuanmiao Zhu, Jiamin Seow, Justin Zhu Yeow Zhang, Hong Zhang, Nan Xi, Pinxian xu, Zhichuan J. Yan, Chun-Hua Lanzhou Univ Frontiers Sci Ctr Rare Isotopes Key Lab Nonferrous Met Chem & Resources Utilizat G State Key Lab Appl Organ ChemColl Chem & Chem Eng Lanzhou 730000 Peoples R China Nanyang Technol Univ Sch Mat Sci & Engn Singapore 639798 Singapore Chinese Acad Sci Fac Mat Sci & Energy Engn Shenzhen Inst Adv Technol Inst Technol Carbon Neutral Shenzhen 518055 Peoples R China Yunnan Univ Natl Ctr Int Res Photoelect & Energy Mat Electron Microscopy Ctr Sch Mat & EnergyKey Lab Electromagnet Mat & Devic Kunming 650091 Peoples R China Baotou Res Inst Rare Earths State Key Lab Baiyunobo Rare Earth Resource Res & Baotou 014030 Peoples R China Peking Univ Beijing Natl Lab Mol Sci State Key Lab Rare Earth Mat Chem & Applicat PKU HKU Joint Lab Rare Earth Mat & Bioinorgan Chem Beijing 100871 Peoples R China

Demonstrate that the key factor to determine the activity of reconstructed surfaces is the surface chemistry, instead of reconstruction degree using the popular perovskite LaNi1-xFexO3 oxides as model *** content can influence both the surface reconstruction degree, the activation degree, and the activity of reconstructed *** oxygen evolution reaction activity of reconstructed catalysts is primarily governed by the chemistry of the reconstructed surface species. Water splitting hinges crucially on the availability of electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction. The surface reconstruction has been widely observed in perovskite catalysts, and the reconstruction degree has been often correlated with the activity enhancement. Here, a systematic study on the roles of Fe substitution in activation of perovskite LaNiO3 is reported. The substituting Fe content influences both current change tendency and surface reconstruction degree. LaNi0.9Fe0.1O3 is found exhibiting a volcano-peak intrinsic activity in both pristine and reconstructed among all substituted perovskites in the LaNi1-xFexO3 (x = 0.00, 0.10, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1.00) series. The reconstructed LaNi0.9Fe0.1O3 shows a higher intrinsic activity than most reported NiFe-based catalysts. Besides, density functional theory calculations reveal that Fe substitution can lower the O 2p level, which thus stabilize lattice oxygen in LaNi0.9Fe0.1O3 and ensure its long-term stability. Furthermore, it is vital interesting that activity of the reconstructed catalysts relied more on the surface chemistry rather than the reconstruction degree. The effect of Fe on the degree of surface reconstruction of the perovskite is decoupled from that on its activity enhancement after surface reconstruction. This finding showcases the importance to customize the surface chemistry of reconstructed catalysts for water oxidation.

关键词： Oxygen evolution reaction Perovskite oxides Doping Activation and reconstruction

流通式-时间分辨分析技术在地质领域的应用进展

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岩矿测试 2025年第1期44卷 1-18页

作者：许心宁王朔徐娟刘鹏飞杨守业同济大学海洋地质国家重点实验室上海200092

流通式-时间分辨分析系统(简称FT-TRA)是二十一世纪初新发展起来的一种快速反应(溶解)-在线分析系统,由淋洗液混合单元、反应单元与分析单元组成,核心功能是通过特定流动相淋洗样品池中的微量样品,分离或去除样品中的特定组分,并监测样... 详细信息

流通式-时间分辨分析系统(简称FT-TRA)是二十一世纪初新发展起来的一种快速反应(溶解)-在线分析系统,由淋洗液混合单元、反应单元与分析单元组成,核心功能是通过特定流动相淋洗样品池中的微量样品,分离或去除样品中的特定组分,并监测样品不同元素和矿物组分的出溶特征,实现高分辨的在线过程分析。本文综述了FT-TRA系统的技术原理与软硬件组成、实验方法与操作要点及地质应用发展过程,重点对该系统在地质应用过程中出现的争议点进行阐释与分析,并基于其发展现状展望其未来发展方向与潜力。FT-TRA系统目前主要的地质应用包括古海洋学与古环境学研究代用指标的验证(如有孔虫、介形虫淋洗)、矿物溶解过程与反应动力学研究、环境样品的元素相态分析等。FT-TRA系统以溶解并提取有孔虫/介形虫壳体的元素组成信号作为还原古海洋指标的重要手段,与传统批处理法相比,该方法被认为具有实时监测清洁程度、降低损失率并实现差异溶解的优势,能够获取更精细的壳体化学组成信息;测试矿物溶解态与溶解参数也是FT-TRA系统的重要功能之一,该系统的实验室模拟能够与模型结合探究不同类型矿物在稳态下的溶解动力学,为研究矿物在自然状态下的溶解过程提供启示;近些年来该系统还逐渐被用于矿物反应性测试,其中将气相CO_(2)作为淋滤液与矿物反应的研究可能在全球变暖及CO_(2)的人工捕捉课题上具有潜在应用价值。FT-TRA系统运行中涉及的不同组分的溶解机制是其应用过程中亟待解决的重要问题,进一步完善其溶解动力学原理必然将为该系统的未来发展提供更多如多类型地质样品溶解、矿物的模拟合成等新思路。

关键词：流通式-时间分辨分析系统(FT-TRA) 在线地球化学分析地质应用环境研究

High-dose dexamethasone regulates microglial polarization via the GR/JAK1/STAT3 signaling pathway after traumatic brain injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第9期20卷 2611-2623页

作者： Mengshi Yang Miao Bai Yuan Zhuang Shenghua Lu Qianqian Ge Hao Li Yu Deng Hongbin Wu Xiaojian xu Fei Niu Xinlong Dong Bin Zhang Baiyun Liu Beijing Tiantan Hospital Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina Department of Neurology The First Hospital of Tsinghua UniversityBeijingChina Department of Neurotrauma and Beijing Key Laboratory of Central Nervous System Injury Beijing Neurosurgical InstituteCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina Department of Critical Care Medicine Beijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina Center for Nerve Injury and Repair Beijing Institute of Brain DisordersChina National Clinical Research Center for Neurological DiseasesBeijingChina

Although microglial polarization and neuroinflammation are crucial cellular responses after traumatic brain injury,the fundamental regulatory and functional mechanisms remain insufficiently *** potent anti-inflammato ry agents,the use of glucoco rticoids in traumatic brain injury is still controversial,and their regulatory effects on microglial polarization are not yet *** the present study,we sought to determine whether exacerbation of traumatic brain injury caused by high-dose dexamethasone is related to its regulatory effects on microglial polarization and its mechanisms of *** vitro cultured BV2 cells and primary microglia and a controlled cortical impact mouse model were used to investigate the effects of dexamethasone on microglial ***,dexamethasone,RU486(a glucocorticoid receptor antagonist),and ruxolitinib(a Janus kinase 1 antagonist)were ***-sequencing data obtained from a C57BL/6 mouse model of traumatic brain injury were used to identify potential targets of *** Morris water maze,quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction,western blotting,immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy analysis,and TUNEL,Nissl,and Golgi staining were performed to investigate our ***-throughput sequencing results showed that arginase 1,a marker of M2 microglia,was significantly downregulated in the dexamethasone group compared with the traumatic brain injury group at3 days post-traumatic brain *** dexamethasone inhibited M1 and M2 microglia,with a more pronounced inhibitory effect on M2microglia in vitro and in *** receptor plays an indispensable role in microglial polarization after dexamethasone treatment following traumatic brain ***,glucocorticoid receptor activation increased the number of apoptotic cells and neuronal death,and also decreased the density of dendritic spines.A possible downstream receptor signaling mechanism is th

关键词： apoptosis BV2 microglia dexamethasone glucocorticoid receptor glucocorticoids innate immune system microglial polarization neuroinflammation primary microglia traumatic brain injury

Inhibitory gamma-aminobutyric acidergic neurons in the anterior cingulate cortex participate in the comorbidity of pain and emotion

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第10期20卷 2838-2854页

作者： Lu Guan Mengting Qiu Na Li Zhengxiang Zhou Ru Ye Liyan Zhong Yashuang xu Junhui Ren Yi Liang Xiaomei Shao Jianqiao Fang Junfan Fang Junying Du Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research Third School of Clinical MedicineZhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouZhejiang ProvinceChina Key Laboratory for Research of Acupuncture Treatment and Transformation of Emotional Diseases Third School of Clinical MedicineZhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouZhejiang ProvinceChina Fuchun Community Health Service Center of Fuyang District HangzhouZhejiang ProvinceChina

Pain is often comorbid with emotional disorders such as anxiety and *** of the anterior cingulate cortex has been implicated in pain and pain-related negative emotions that arise from impairments in inhibitory gamma-aminobutyric acid *** review primarily aims to outline the main circuitry(including the input and output connectivity)of the anterior cingulate cortex and classification and functions of different gamma-aminobutyric acidergic neurons;it also describes the neurotransmitters/neuromodulators affecting these neurons,their intercommunication with other neurons,and their importance in mental comorbidities associated with chronic pain *** understanding on their role in pain-related mental comorbidities may facilitate the development of more effective treatments for these ***,the mechanisms that regulate gamma-aminobutyric acidergic systems remain *** is also unclear as to whether the mechanisms are presynaptic or *** exploration of the complexities of this system may reveal new pathways for research and drug development.

关键词： anterior cingulate cortex anxiety chronic pain circuit communication comorbidity depression gamma-aminobutyric acidergic neurons parvalbumin neurons synaptic transmission

The xu＇s chart for prostate biopsy： a visual presentation of the added value of biomarkers to prostate-specific antigen for estimating detection rates of prostate cancer

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2014年第4期16卷 536-540页

作者： Jianfeng xu Fudan institute of Urology Huashan Hospital Shanghai State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering School of Life Science Shanghai School of Public Health Fudan University Shanghai China Center for Cancer Genomics Wake Forest School of Medicine. Winston-Salem. North Carolina. USA.

Elevated serum prostate-specific antigen （PSA） level is the primaryindication for prostate biopsy for detection of prostate cancer （PCa） in the modern era. The detection rate of PCa from biopsy is typically below 30%, especially among patients with PSA levels at 4-10 ng ml-1. In the past several years, additional biomarkers, such as Prostate Health Index, PCA3 and genetic risk score （GRS） derived from multiple PCa risk-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms （SNPs） have been shown to provide added value to PSA in discriminating prostate biopsy outcomes. However,

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Einstein Probe discovery of EP240408a: A peculiar X-ray transient with an intermediate timescale

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2025年第1期Mechanics & Astronomy) .卷 222-240页

作者： Wenda Zhang Weimin Yuan Zhixing Ling Yong Chen Nanda Rea Arne Rau Zhiming Cai Huaqing Cheng Francesco Coti Zelati Lixin Dai Jingwei Hu Shumei Jia Chichuan Jin Dongyue Li Paul O’Brien Rongfeng Shen Xinwen Shu Shengli Sun Xiaojin Sun Xiaofeng Wang Lei Yang Bing Zhang Chen Zhang Shuang-Nan Zhang Yonghe Zhang Jie An David Buckley Alexis Coleiro Bertrand Cordier Liming Dou Rob Eyles-Ferris Zhou Fan Hua Feng Shaoyu Fu Johan P.U.Fynbo Lluis Galbany Saurabh W.Jha Shuaiqing Jiang Albert Kong Erik Kuulkers Weihua Lei Wenxiong Li Bifang Liu Mingjun Liu Xing Liu Yuan Liu Zhu Liu Chandreyee Maitra Alessio Marino Itumeleng Monageng Kirpal Nandra Jeremy Sanders Roberto Soria Lian Tao Junfeng Wang Song Wang Tinggui Wang Zhongxiang Wang Qingwen Wu xuefeng Wu Dong xu Yanjun xu Suijian xue Yongquan xue Zijian Zhang Zipei Zhu Hu Zou Congying Bao Fansheng Chen Houlei Chen Tianxiang Chen Wei Chen Yehai Chen Yifan Chen Chenzhou Cui Weiwei Cui Yanfeng Dai Dongwei Fan Ju Guan Dawei Han Dongjie Hou Haibo Hu Maohai Huang Jia Huo Zhenqing Jia Bowen Jiang Ge Jin Chengkui Li Junfei Li Longhui Li Maoshun Li Wei Li Zhengda Li Tianying Lian Congzhan Liu Heyang Liu Huaqiu Liu Fangjun Lu Laidan Luo Jia Ma xuan Mao Haiwu Pan Xin Pan Liming Song Hui Sun Yunyin Tan Qingjun Tang Yihan Tao Hao Wang Juan Wang Lei Wang Wenxin Wang Yilong Wang Yusa Wang Qinyu Wu Haitao xu Jingjing xu Xinpeng xu Yunfei xu Zhao xu Changbin xue Yulong xue Ailiang Yan Haonan Yang Xiongtao Yang Yanji Yang Juan Zhang Mo Zhang Wenjie Zhang Zhen Zhang Zhen Zhang Ziliang Zhang Donghua Zhao Haisheng Zhao Xiaofan Zhao Zijian Zhao Hongyan Zhou Yilin Zhou Yuxuan Zhu Zhencai Zhu National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Astronomy and Space Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Space Sciences (ICE) CSIC Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC) Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics Innovation Academy for Microsatellites Chinese Academy of Sciences Department of Physics University of Hong Kong School of Physics and Astronomy University of Leicester School of Physics and Astronomy Sun Yat-sen University Department of Physics Anhui Normal University Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Physics Department Tsinghua University Nevada Center for Astrophysics University of Nevada Las Vegas Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Nevada Las Vegas South African Astronomical Observatory Department of Astronomy University of Cape Town Department of Physics University of the Free State Université Paris Cité CNRS Astroparticule et Cosmologie Université Paris Cité CEA Paris-Saclay IRFU/DAp-AIM Department of Astronomy Guangzhou University Cosmic Dawn Center (DAWN) Niels Bohr Institute University of Copenhagen Department of Physics and Astronomy Rutgers the State University of New Jersey Institute for Cosmic Ray Research The University of Tokyo ESA/ESTEC Department of Astronomy School of Physics Huazhong University of Science and Technology INAF-Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino Sydney Institute for Astronomy School of Physics The University of Sydney Department of Astronomy Xiamen University Institute for Frontiers in Astronomy and Astrophysics Beijing Normal University Department of Astronomy University of Science and Technology School of Astronomy and Space Sciences University of Science and Technology of China Institute of Deep Space Sciences Deep Space Exploration Laboratory Department of Astronomy School of Physics and Astronomy Yunnan University Shanghai Astronomical Observatory Chi

We report the discovery of a peculiar X-ray transient,EP240408a,by Einstein Probe （EP） and follow-up studies made with EP,Swift,NICER,GROND,ATCA and other ground-based multiwavelength *** new transient was first detected with Wide-field X-ray Telescope （WXT） on board EP on April 8th,2024,manifested in an intense yet brief X-ray flare lasting for *** flare reached a peak flux of 3.9×10-9erg cm-2s-1in 0.5-4 ke V,～300 times brighter than the underlying X-ray emission detected throughout the *** and more precise follow-up observations by EP/FXT,Swift and NICER confirmed the finding of this new *** X-ray spectrum is non-thermal in 0.5-10 ke V,with a power-law photon index varying *** X-ray light curve shows a plateau lasting for ～4 d,followed by a steep decay till becoming undetectable ～10 d after the initial *** on its temporal property and constraints from previous EP observations,an unusual timescale in the range of 7-23 d is found for EP240408a,which is intermediate between the commonly found fast and long-term *** counterparts have been found in optical and near-infrared,with the earliest observation at 17 h after the initial X-ray detection,suggestive of intrinsically weak emission in these *** demonstrate that the remarkable properties of EP240408a are inconsistent with any of the transient types known so far,by comparison with,in particular,jetted tidal disruption events,gamma-ray bursts,X-ray binaries and fast blue optical *** nature of EP240408a thus remains an *** suggest that EP240408a may represent a new type of transients with intermediate timescales of the order of～10 *** detection and follow-ups of more of such objects are essential for revealing their origin.

关键词： X-ray transients ${\bm~{Einstein~~Probe}}$

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区域敏感的场景图生成方法

北京工业大学学报 2025年第01期51卷 51-58页

作者：王立春付芳玉徐凯徐洪波尹宝才北京工业大学信息学部北京工业大学多媒体与智能软件技术北京市重点实验室

针对基于关系边界框提取的谓词特征粒度相对较粗的问题，提出区域敏感的场景图生成(region-sensitive scene graph generation, RS-SGG)方法。谓词特征提取模块将关系边界框分为4个区域，基于自注意力机制抑制关系边界框中与关系分类无... 详细信息

针对基于关系边界框提取的谓词特征粒度相对较粗的问题，提出区域敏感的场景图生成(region-sensitive scene graph generation, RS-SGG)方法。谓词特征提取模块将关系边界框分为4个区域，基于自注意力机制抑制关系边界框中与关系分类无关的背景区域。关系特征解码器在进行关系预测时不仅考虑了物体对的视觉特征和语义特征，也考虑了物体对的位置特征。在视觉基因组(visual genome, VG)数据集上分别计算了RS-SGG方法针对场景图生成、场景图分类和谓词分类3个子任务的图约束召回率和无图约束召回率，并与主流的场景图生成方法进行了比较。实验结果表明，RS-SGG的图约束召回率和无图约束召回率均优于主流方法。此外，可视化实验结果也进一步证明了所提出方法的有效性。

关键词：图像理解场景图生成物体分类关系分类区域感知自注意力机制

Analytical prediction of the maximum temperature of non-uniform heated surface with channel cooling

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Science China Technological Sciences 2025年第1期 177-188页

作者： Xiangyu WANG Xianghua xu Xingang LIANG School of Aerospace Engineering Tsinghua University

Active cooling of aircraft skin has garnered significant attention from researchers in recent years due to the increasing flight speeds. The determination of the maximum temperature plays a crucial role in the design of active cooling systems as it dictates the selection of suitable materials for aircraft skin. This research presents two analytical models for predicting surface temperatures in aircraft skin with active cooling channels: one for densely arranged channels and another for sparsely arranged channels. The application criteria of these two models are obtained. The analytical models offer several advantages, including handling non-uniform heat fluxes and providing direct predictions of maximum temperature and its location. Numerical simulations validate these models, demonstrating their accurate estimation capabilities across various solid materials, Reynolds numbers, and thermal conductivities. This investigation lays the foundation for rapid and cost-effective design of optimal cooling channels based on solid thermal conductivity, cooling flow rate, channel spacing, and temperature limits under non-uniform heat flows. Furthermore, an examination of channel aspect ratios reveals that larger ratios result in lower heated surface temperatures. Overall, these analytical temperature prediction models serve as efficient tools for selecting appropriate design parameters for active cooling channels.

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Distributed State and Fault Estimation for Cyber-Physical Systems Under DoS Attacks

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2025年第1期 261-263页

作者： Limei Liang Rong Su Haotian xu the School of Control Science and Engineering Shandong University IEEE the School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Nanyang Technological University

Dear Editor,The letter deals with the distributed state and fault estimation of the whole physical layer for cyber-physical systems(CPSs) when the cyber layer suffers from DoS attacks. With the advancement of embedded computing, communication and related hardware technologies, CPSs have attracted extensive attention and have been widely used in power system, traffic network, refrigeration system and other fields.

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