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Treating both wastewater and excess sludge with an innovative process

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2003年第6期15卷 749-756页

作者： HE Sheng-bing, wang Bao-zhen, wang lin, JIANG Yi-feng (School of Municipal & Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China. School of Municipal & Environmental Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150090 Chin

The innovative process consists of biological unit for wastewater treatment and ozonation unit for excess sludge treatment. An aerobic membrane bioreactor(MBR) was used to remove organics and nitrogen, and an anaerobic reactor was added to the biological unit for the release of phosphorus contained at aerobic sludge to enhance the removal of phosphorus. For the excess sludge produced in the MBR, which was fed to ozone contact column and reacted with ozone, then the ozonated sludge was returned to the MBR for further biological treatment. Experimental results showed that this process could remove organics, nitrogen and phosphorus efficiently, and the removals for COD, NH 3-N, TN and TP were 93.17%, 97.57%, 82.77% and 79.5%, respectively. Batch test indicated that the specific nitrification rate and specific denitrification rate of the MBR were 1.03 mg NH 3-N/(gMLSS·h) and 0.56 mg NOx-N/(gMLSS·h), and denitrification seems to be the rate-limiting step. Under the test conditions, the sludge concentration in the MBR was kept at 5000—6000 mg/L, and the wasted sludge was ozonated at an ozone dosage of 0.10 kgO 3/kgSS. During the experimental period of two months, no excess sludge was wasted, and a zero withdrawal of excess sludge was implemented. Through economic analysis, it was found that an additional ozonation operating cost for treatment of both wastewater and excess sludge was only 0.045 RMB Yuan(USD 0.0054)/m 3 wastewater.

关键词： wastewater treatment excess sludge aerobic membrane bioreactor(MBR) anaerobic reactor ozonation zero withdrawal of excess sludge

Improved soil characteristics in the deeper plough layer can increase grain yield of winter wheat

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2020年第5期19卷 1215-1226页

作者： CHEN Jin PANG Dang-wei JIN Min LUO Yong-li LI Hao-yu LI Yong wang zhen-lin College of Life Sciences Shandong Agricultural UniversityTai’an 271018P.R.China College of Agronomy Shandong Agricultural UniversityTai’an 271018P.R.China State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology Shandong Agricultural UniversityTai’an 271018P.R.China

In the North China Plain(NCP), soil deterioration threatens winter wheat(Triticum aestivum L.) production. Although rotary tillage or plowing tillage are two methods commonly used in this region, research characterizing the effects of mixed tillage on soil characteristics and wheat yield has been limited. A fixed-site field trial was carried out during 2011–2016 to examine the impacts of three tillage practices(5-year rotary tillage with maize straw removal(RT);5-year rotary tillage with maize straw return(RS);and annual RS and with a deep plowing interval of 2 years(RS/DS)) on soil characteristics and root distribution in the plough layer. Straw return significantly decreased soil bulk density, increased soil organic carbon(SOC) storage and SOC content, macro-aggregate proportion(R_(0.25)) and its stability in the plough layer. The RS/DS treatment significantly increased the SOC content, total nitrogen(TN), and root length density(RLD) in the 10–40 cm layer, and enhanced the proportion of RLD in the 20–30 and 30–40 cm layers. In the 20–30 and 30–40 cm layers, an increase in SOC and TN could lead to higher grain production than commensurate increases in the surface layer, resulting in a sustainable increase in grain yield from the RS/DS treatment. Thus, the RS/DS treatment could lead to high productivity of winter wheat by improving soil characteristics and root distribution at the deeper plough layer in the NCP.

关键词： soil characteristics root length density tillage practice straw return winter wheat

Nitric Oxide Content in Wheat Leaves and Its Relation to Programmed Cell Death of Main Stem and Tillers Under Different Nitrogen Levels

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2013年第2期12卷 239-250页

作者： GUO Jun-xiang CHEN Er-ying YIN Yan-ping wang Ping LI Yong CHEN Xiao-guang WU Guang-lei wang zhen-lin National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology Agronomy College Shandong Agricultural University Xuzhou Sweetpotato Research Center/Sweetpotato Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences

Nitric oxide （NO） is a key signaling molecule in different physiological processes of plants, including programmed cell death （PCD）. PCD of tillers plays an important role in surviving which are major components of grain yield. PCD was triggered in wheat leaves of main stem and tillers by NO content under different nitrogen treatments. In wheat, NO could be synthesized endogenously by nitrate reductase （NR）. As an inducible enzyme, NR activity was closely related to substrate concentration. Therefore, different nitrogen levels would change NR activity and NO production. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of NR activity, NO production, and the correlation between them on different tillers growth, development, senescence, and kernel protein content under different nitrogen levels. Field-experiments were conducted in 2009-2011 growing seasons, using two wheat cultivars with different spike-types. Results showed that for main stem and primary tillers, NR activity and NO content reached high level at heading stage, while for secondary tiller, the level of NR activity was low, but NO content was high in the present research. The NO synthesis depending on NR activity in wheat leaves was significant in the early growing stage, but the NO synthesis weakened with the progress of growing period. NO was related to the senescence of wheat leaves, but PCD was more sensitive to marked changes of NO content than NO content itself. N application had marked influence on the aging process of primary tiller, while had little influence on that of main stem and secondary tiller. Moreover, N fertilizer application could increase spike rate and protein content of primary tiller by N fertilizer application.

关键词： wheat nitric oxide programmed cell death tiller

A novel approach to treat combined domestic wastewater and excess sludge in MBR

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2003年第5期15卷 674-679页

作者： HE Sheng bing, wang Bao zhen, wang lin, JIANG Yi feng, ZHANG Li\|qiu (School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China. School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150090 Chin

Domestic wastewater was treated by combined anaerobic biofilm aerobic membrane bioreactor(MBR) process, and part biomass in MBR was withdrawn to treat with ozone, then the ozonated sludge was returned to anaerobic inlet. In aerobic MBR, MLSS and DO were controlled at 3000—3500 mg/L and 0 8 mg/L respectively. Comparing the experimental results of two stages, it was noticed that ozonation did not affect the removal efficiency for organics but had a significant influence on the removals of NH 3 N and TN. During the ozonation period of two months, no excess sludge was wasted, and a zero sludge yield was obtained.

关键词： combined anaerobic biofilm aerobic membrane(MBR) domestic wastewater ozonation excess sludge sludge yield

Pure Electric and Pure Magnetic Resonances in Near-Infrared Metal Double-Triangle Metamaterial Arrays

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Chinese Physics Letters 2011年第5期28卷 218-221页

作者： CAO Zhi-Shen PAN Jian CHEN Zhuo ZHAN Peng MIN Nai-Ben wang zhen-lin National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Department of Physics Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210093

We experimentally and numerically investigate the optical properties of metamaterial arrays composed of double partially-overlapped metallic nanotriangles fabricated by an angle-resolved nanosphere *** demonstrate that each double-triangle can be viewed as an artificial magnetic element analogous to the conventional metal *** is shown that under normal-incidence conditions,individual double-triangle can exhibit a strong local magnetic resonance,but the collective response of the metamaterial arrays is purely electric because magnetic resonances of the two double-triangles in a unit cell having opposite openings are out of *** oblique incidences the metamaterial arrays are shown to support a pure magnetic response at the same frequency ***,switchable electric and magnetic resonances are achieved in double-triangle ***,both the electric and magnetic resonances axe shown to allow for a tunability over a large spectral range down to near-infrared.

关键词： triangle magnetic double

A Note on Eigenvalues of Hermite Matrix

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Journal of Mathematical Research and Exposition 2010年第4期30卷 751-755页

作者： Zhi zhen wang Xiao lin WU Li XIA Department of Applied Mathematics Shanghai Normal University Shanghai 200234 P. R. China

This note investigates the relationship of eigenvalues of Hermitian matrices P and UPU＋ with UU＋ = Ik and k ≤ n. We present several equivalent conditions for λi（UPU＋） = λi（P）（i ≤ k ≤ n）.

关键词： eigenvalues matrix product orthonormal vector Hermitian matrix.

Exogenous Application of Abscisic Acid or Gibberellin Acid Has Different Effects on Starch Granule Size Distribution in Grains of Wheat

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2013年第9期12卷 1551-1559页

作者： PENG Dian-liang CAI Tie YIN Yan-ping YANG Wei-bing NI Ying-li YANG Dong-qing wang zhen-lin National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology Shandong Agricultural University

Granule size distribution of wheat starch is an important characteristic that can affect its chemical composition and the functionality of wheat products. Two high-yield winter wheat cultivars were used to evaluate the effects of the application of exogenous ABA or GA during the reproductive phase of the initial grain filling on starch granule size distribution and starch components in grains at maturity. The results indicated that a bimodal curve was found in the volume and surface area distribution of grain starch granules, and a unimodal curve was observed for the number distribution under all treatments. The exogenous ABA resulted in a significant increase in the proportions （both by volume and by surface area） of B-type （〈9.9 Ixm in diameter） starch granules, with a reduction in those of A-type （〉9.9 ~tm） starch granules, while, the exogenous GA3 led to converse effects on size distribution of those starch granules. The exogenous ABA also increased starch, amylose and amylopectin contents at maturity but significantly reduced the ratio of amylose to amylopectin. Application of GA3 significantly reduced starch content, amylopectin content but increased the ratio of amylose to amylopectin. The ratio of amylose to amylopectin showed a significant and negative relationship with the volume proportion of granules 〈9.9 μm, but was positively related to the volume proportion of granules 22.8-42.8 μm.

关键词： abscisic acid gibberellin granule size distribution starch winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Foliar application of sodium hydrosulfide(NaHS),a hydrogen sulfide(H2S) donor,can protect seedlings against heat stress in wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2016年第12期15卷 2745-2758页

作者： YANG Min QIN Bao-ping MA Xue-li wang Ping LI Mei-ling CHEN Lu-lu CHEN Lei-tai SUN Ai-qing wang zhen-lin YIN Yan-ping State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology/Agronomy College Shandong Agricultural University Tai'an 271018 P.R.China Tai'an Academy of Agricultural Sciences Tai'an 271018 P.R.China

Temperature extremes represent an important limiting factor to plant growth and productivity. Low concentration of hydrogen sulfide （H2S） has been proven to function in physiological responses to various stresses. The present study evaluated the effect of foliar application of wheat seedlings with a H2S donor, sodium hydrosulfide （NariS）, on the response to acute heat stress. The results showed that pretreatment with NariS could promote heat tolerance of wheat seedlings in a dose-depen- dent manner. Again, it was verified that H2S, rather than other sulfur-containing components or sodion derived from NariS solution, should contribute to the positive role in promoting wheat seedlings against heat stress. To further study antioxidant mechanisms of NariS-induced heat tolerance, superoxide dismutase （SOD, EC 1.***.1.1 ）, catalase （CAT, EC 1.***.1.6） and ascorbate peroxidase （APX, EC 1.***.1.11 ） activities, and HzS, hydrogen peroxide （H2O2）, malonaldehyde （MDA）, and soluble sugar contents in wheat seedlings were determined. The results showed that, under heat stress, the activities of SOD, CAT, and APX, H2S, H2O2, MDA, and soluble sugar contents in NaHS-pretreated seedlings and its control all increased. Meanwhile, NaHS-pretreated seedlings showed higher antioxidant enzymes activities and gene expression levels as well as the H2S and soluble sugar levels, and lower H2O2, MDA contents induced by heat stress. While little effect was detected in antioxidant enzymes activities and soluble substances contents in pretreated wheat seedlings compared with its control under normal culture conditions （data not shown）. All of our results suggested that exogenous NariS could alleviate oxidative damage and improve heat tolerance by regulating the antioxidant system in wheat seedlings under heat stress.

关键词： wheat seedlings sodium hydrosulfide heat stress antioxidant system mitigative effect

Ethylene and Spermidine in Wheat Grains in Relation to Starch Content and Granule Size Distribution Under Water Deficit

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2014年第10期13卷 2141-2153页

作者： YANG Wei-bing LI Yong YIN Yan-ping JIANG Wen-wen PENG Dian-liang CUI zheng-yong YANG Dong-qing wang zhen-lin National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology Ministry of Science and Technology/Agronomy CollegeShandong Agricultural University

Two wheat cultivars （Triticum aestivum L.） were used to evaluate the effects ofpost-anthesis severe water deficit （SD） on starch content and granule size distribution and their relations with ethylene and spermidine （Spd）. Comparison to the well-watered （WW） treatment, SD led to lower Spd and higher 1-aminocylopropane-l-carboxylic acid （ACC） concentrations and ethylene evolution rate （EER） in grains at the critical stage of forming starch granules. Application of Spd or aminoethoxyvinylglycine （AVG） significantly reduced ACC concentration and EER and increased Spd concentration, while ethephon or methylglyoxal-bis （MGBG） had an opposite impact. The volume and surface area distribution of starch granules showed a bimodal curve, while the number distribution exhibited a unimodal curve. SD caused a marked drop in grain weight, grain number and starch content, also led to a significant reduction in the proportion （both by volume and by surface area） of B-type starch granules （〈10 Ixm）, with an increase in those of A-type starch granules （〉10 ~tm）. Application of Spd or AVG increased the proportion （both by volume and by surface area） of B-type starch granules under SD. Correlation analysis suggested that ethylene and Spd showed an antagonism relation in the formation of B-type granules. These results suggested that it would be good for the formation of B-type starch granules to have the physiological traits of higher Spd and lower ACC concentrations and ethylene emission under SD.

关键词： ethylene evolution rate 1-aminocylopropane-1-carboxylic acid spermidine severe water deficit wheat (Triticumaestivum L.)