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Sinobaatar gen. nov.: First multituberculate from the Jehol Biota of Liaoning,Northeast China

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chinese Science Bulletin 2002年第11期47卷 933-938,970页

作者： HU Yaoming & wang YuanqingInstitute of Vertebrate paleontology and paleoanthropology, chinese academy of sciences, Beijing 10044, China American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY 10024, USA Biology p.o.ram (Ecology, Evolutionary Biology, and Behavio Institute of Vertebrate paleontology and paleoanthropology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China American Museum of Natural History New York USA Biology p.o.ram (Ecology Evolutionary Biology and Behavior) Graduate School and City College City University of New York USA

A multituberculate skeleton from the Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation at Dawangzhangzi, Lingyuan City, Liaoning p.o.ince, Northeast China, p.o.ides new morp.o.ogical information for early multituberculates. The specimen is the holotype of Sinobaatar lingyuanensis gen. et sp. nov. It has a narrow skull that lacks the superorbital crest or postorbital p.o.ess. The dental formula is 3·?·5·2/1·0·3·2. The dental morp.o.ogy, especially that of cheek teeth, of S. lingyuanensis is similar to that of Eobaatar, which places it in the family Eobaataridae. The postcranial skeleton of Sinobaatar is similar to that of other multituberculates. As in Holotheria, Metatarsal V of Sinobaatar articulates only with the cuboid and has no contact with the calcaneus, which p.o.ably represents the primitive condition of multituberculates. Nine carpals of Sinobaatar resemble those of Zhang-heotherium, except the centrale being larger than the trape-zoid. The dental features of Sinobaatar show again that eo-baatarids are

关键词： Lingyuan western Liaoning Yixian Formation Early Cretaceous Jehol Biota multituberculates Sinobaatar.

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视觉搜索有记忆参与

心理科学 2009年第1期32卷 38-39,9页

作者：王治国张侃中国科学院心理研究所脑与认知科学国家重点实验室北京100101 中国科学院研究生院北京100039

采用动态搜索任务,系统改变刺激项位置变换的速度,探讨视觉搜索是否有"记忆"参与。结果发现:⑴刺激项位置的变换速度较快时(120 ms/次、220 ms/次),动态搜索的搜索效率显著低于静态搜索;⑵刺激项位置的变换速度较慢时(420 ms/次),动态... 详细信息

采用动态搜索任务,系统改变刺激项位置变换的速度,探讨视觉搜索是否有"记忆"参与。结果发现:⑴刺激项位置的变换速度较快时(120 ms/次、220 ms/次),动态搜索的搜索效率显著低于静态搜索;⑵刺激项位置的变换速度较慢时(420 ms/次),动态搜索的搜索效率与静态搜索无差异。该结果表明视觉搜索有"记忆"参与,返回抑制可能是视觉搜索中"记忆"的内在机制。

关键词：视觉搜索记忆返回抑制动态搜索

Biotransformation and pharmacological activities of platycosides from platycodon grandiflorum roots

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chinese Herbal Medicines 2024年第3期16卷 392-400页

作者： Lin Shi Tong Cui Xinyue wang Rina Wu Junrui Wu Yanqun wang Weiming wang College of Food Science Shenyang Agricultural UniversityShenyang 110866China Institute of chinese Materia Medica Heilongjiang Academy of Chinese Medicine SciencesHarbin 150036China

In Northeast China,Goubao pickle is a popular food fermented from the roots of platycodon grandiflorum as the main material,offering a unique flavor and rich nutritional *** in roots of *** may play a crucial role in determining the quality of Goubao pickle through microorganism ***,biotransfermation of platycosides has not been reviewed during *** this study,we reviewed platycosides in chemical diversity,metabolic p.o.esses in vivo,biotransformation of platycosides in vitro,and pharmacological ***,we also discussed how to imp.o.e the bioactive secondary platycosides we desire by regulating enzymes from microorganisms in the future.

关键词： biotransformation Goubao pickle microorganisms pharmacological activities platycosides platycodon grandiflorum(Jacq.)A.DC

Effects of sand burial on biomass, chlorophyll fluores-cence and extracellular polysaccharides of man-made cyanobacterial crusts under experimental conditions

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Science China(Life sciences) 2007年第4期50卷 530-534页

作者： wang WeiBo1,2, YANG CuiYun1,2, TANG DongShan1,2, LI DunHai1, LIU YongDing1& HU ChunXiang1 1 State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, chinese academy of sciences, Wuhan 430072, China 2 graduate university of chinese academy of sciences, Beijing 100039, China State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology Institute of Hydrobiology Chinese Academy of Sciences Wuhan 430072 China graduate university of chinese academy of sciences Beijing 100039 China State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology Institute of Hydrobiology Chinese Academy of Sciences Wuhan 430072 China

Soil cyanobacterial crusts occur throughout the world, especially in the semiarid and arid regions. It always encounters sand burial, which is an important feature of mobile sand dunes. A greenhouse study was conducted to determine the effects of sand burial on biomass, chlorophyll fluorescence and extracellular polysaccharides of man-made cyanobacterial crusts in six periods of time (0, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 30 d after burying) and at five depths (0, 0.2, 0.5, 1 and 2cm). The results indicated that with the increase of the burial time and burial depth extracellular polysaccharides content and Fv/Fm decreased correspondingly and there were no significant differences between 20 and 30 burial days under dif-ferent burial depths. The degradation of chlorophyll a content appeared only at 20 and 30 burial days and there was also no significant difference between them under different burial depths. It was also observed a simultaneous decrease of the values of the Fv/Fm and the content of extracellular poly-saccharides happened in the crusted cyanobacterium Microcoleus vaginatus Gom. It may suggest that there exists a relationship between extracellular polysaccharides and recovery of the activity of p.o.tosystem II (pS II) after rehydration.

关键词： Microcoleus vaginatus Gom. man-made cyanobacterial crusts sand burial biomass p.o.osynthetic activity extracellular polysaccharides

Co_2 flux evaluation over the evergreen coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest in Dinghushan, China

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Science China Earth sciences 2006年第S2期49卷 127-138页

作者： wang Chunlin, YU Guirui, ZHoU Guoyi, YAN Junhua, ZHANG Leiming, wang Xu, TANG Xuli & SUN Xiaomin South China Botanical Garden, chinese academy of sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China Climate and Agrometeorology Center of Guangdong p.o.ince, China Meteorological Administration, Guangzhou 510080, China Institute of Geographic Science and Natural Resources Research, chinese academy of sciences, Beijing 100101, China graduate university of chinese academy of sciences, Beijing 100049, China

The Dinghushan flux observation site, as one of the four forest sites of ChinaFLUX, aims to acquire long-term measurements of Co2 flux over a typical southern subtropical evergreen coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest ecosystem using the open path eddy covariance method. Based on two years of data from 2003 to 2004, the characteristics of temporal variation in Co2 flux and its response to environmental factors in the forest ecosystem are analyzed. p.o.ided two-dimensional coordinate rotation, WpL correction and quality control, p.o. energy-balance and underestimation of ecosystem respiration during nighttime implied that there could be a Co2 leak during the nighttime at the site. Using daytime (pAR > 1.0μmol-1·m-2·s-1) flux data during windy conditions (u* > 0.2 m·s-1), monthly ecosystem respiration (Reco) was derived through the Michaelis-Menten equation modeling the relationship between net ecosystem Co2 exchange (NEE) and p.o.osynthetically active radiation (pAR). Exponential function was emp.o.ed to describe the relationship between Reco and soil temperature at 5 cm depth (Ts05), then Reco of both daytime and nighttime was calculated respectively by the function. The major results are: (i) Derived from the Michaelis-Menten equation, the apparent quantum yield (α) was 0.0027±0.0011 mgCo2·μmol-1 p.o.ons, and the maximum p.o.osynthetic assimilation rate (Amax) was 1.102±0.288 mgCo2·m-2·s-1. Indistinctive seasonal variation of o or Amax was consistent with weak seasonal dynamics of leaf area index (LAI) in such a lower subtropical evergreen mixed forest. (ii) Monthly accumulated Reco was estimated as 95.3±21.1 gC·m-2 mon-1, accounting for about 68% of the gross primary p.o.uct (Gpp). Monthly accumulated NEE was estimated as -43.2±29.6 gC·m-2·mon-1. The forest ecosystem acted as carbon sink all year round without any seasonal carbon efflux period. Annual NEE of 2003 and 2004 was estimated as -563.0 and -441.2 gC·m-2·a-1 respectively, accounting for about 32% of G

关键词： carbon dioxide flux eddy covariance Dinghushan southern subtropical region evergreen coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest ChinaFLUX.

Regulating the expectation of noxious events via cognitive strategies in rats

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Regulating the expectation of noxious events via cognitive s...

中国神经科学学会第四次会员代表大会暨第八届全国学术会议

作者： Sheng-Guang LI~(1 2) Jin-Yan wang~(1*) Fei LUo~1 1 Key Laboratory of Mental Health Institute of psychology chinese academy of sciences Beijing 100101 China 2 graduate university of chinese academy of sciences Beijing 100049 China

＜正＞objective Expectation,a vital cognitive factor,has a strong influence on human pain *** studies have shown that animal emotional responses could be affected by conditioning *** a consensus has emerged that cognitive involvement（typically thought of as expectancy） is assumed for most instances of classical and operant conditioning,with current theoretical differences concerning the level of cognition that is involved （e.g.,simple association vs rule learning）,the question whether animal expectation of noxious event is just simple conditioned reflex or complex cognitive p.o.ess remains *** current study was designed to investigate the role of cognition in expectation of noxious event in *** The experiment p.o.edure consisted of four phases:preexposure （baseline）,bid-conditional discrimination training,anticipatory responses test（test 1） and fast switching test （test 2）.Responses to noxious（140 mJ） or sham laser（0 mJ） stimuli,tone A（500 ms） or tone B（50 ms）,on the day before training were measured as *** rats were trained to discriminate between two auditory cues,tone A and tone B forecasting pain or non-pain respectively,during trace *** trainings of tone（A/B）-laser pairing,tone （B/A）-sham stimuli pairing,and mixed training were *** the phase of test 1,sixty trials consisting of fifteen tone A-laser,fifteen tone B-sham stimuli,fifteen tone A-sham stimuli,and fifteen tone B-laser pairings,were presented randomly, with an interval from 60 to 90 *** were then exposed to another two sessions:reconsolidation and non-pain conditioning training,followed by a second test（test 2） *** the test 2,15 laser stimuli paired with pain cues（tone A）,15 sham laser stimuli paired with no-pain cues（tone B）,5 pain cues（tone A） without pairing actual laser stimuli were presented sequencely,with random interval from 60 to 90 *** Following repeated tone-laser pairing,rats

关键词： pain noxious stimulation expectation conditioning cognition rat

Geochemical evidence for submarine hydrothermal origin of the Middle-Upper permian chert in Laibin of Guangxi,China

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Geochemical evidence for submarine hydrothermal origin of th...

中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所第11届（2011年度）学术年会

作者： QIU Zhen~(1,2) & wang QingChen~(1*) 1 State Key Laboratory of Litho spheric Evolution,Institute of Geology and Geophysics,chinese academy of sciences,Beijing 100029,China 2 graduate university of chinese academy of sciences,Beijing 100049,China

Lithologically,two kinds of chert can be recognized in the Middle-Upper permian from the Tieqiao section in Laibin area, Guangxi,i.e.,calcic chert occurring mainly in the Maokou Formation and pure chert mainly in the Wujiaping *** data show that both kinds of chert contain very low A1o(0-0.23%) and Tio(0.001%-0.024%) and low∑REE (0.55-19.94 ppm,averaging 9.97 ppm),as well as high ratio of Feo/Tio(17-443,averaging 111) and low ratio of Alo/(Alo+Feo)(0-0.26,averaging 0.09).Given that the average value Ce anomalies in chert deposited in the ridge-p.o.imal environment is about 0.29,and that in the pelagic environment is about 0.60,the low Ce anomalies in the Tieqiao chert(0.24-0.46,averaging 0.35) imply that they were deposited in an ocean basin with influence of submarine hydrothermal fluid and no input of terrigenous *** vertical variation of the silica abundance in strata(SAIS) in the Middle-Upper permian strata,together with the Eu anomalies and the ratios of∑REE/Fe,indicates a relationship between the hydrothermal activity and the Emeishan basalt eruption,and that submarine hydrothermal activity was stronger in the Upper permian(the Wujiapingian Stage) than in the Middle permian(the Maokou Stage).

关键词： chert geochemistry submarine hydrothermal fluid Emeishan basalt

Controlling Shell Thickness of pS/Sio2 Core-Shell particles and Their Crystallization into 3-D ordered Thin Film

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Controlling Shell Thickness of PS/SiO2 Core-Shell Particles ...

中国颗粒学会2006年年会暨海峡两岸颗粒技术研讨会

作者： WU Xiao-feng, CHEN Yun-fa, WEI Lian-qi, wang Qi (Multi-phase Reaction Engineering Laboratory, Institute of p.o.ess Engineering, chinese academy of sciences, Beijing 100080, China graduate university of the chinese academy of sciences, Beijing 100049, China)

＜正＞pS/Sio2 particles with core-shell structure were synthesized by coating silica on surface of polystyrene （pS） colloidal particles. The reaction parameters, such asinitial tetraethyl orthosilicate （TEoS） concentration, water concentration and reaction temperature, have been investigated to control the thickness of silica shells. The shell thickness was prepositional to the square root of the initial concentration of TEoS and first increased with increasing water concentration, reached a maximum at about 2.0 mol/L and then started decreasing beyond that concentration. It is also found that the shell thickness decreases firstly with the reaction temperature added then tends to a constant. The so-synthesized pS/Sio2 core-shell particles were directly crystallized into 3-D ordered thin film, then sintered at 570 ℃ into the ordered macroporous thin film. Compared the conditional method, the present app.o.ch avoids repeatedly filling the precursor in the templetes and save time more.

关键词： pS/Sio2 core-shell particles ordered thin film

3-7-year-old children’s brand awareness:A developmental investigation

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3-7-year-old children’s brand awareness:A developmental inv...

2010 IEEE 2nd Symposium on Web Society

作者： Fei wang~(1,2),Yong wang~1,Shu LI~1,Kan SHI~(2*) 1.Institute of psychology,chinese academy of Science,Beijing,100101 2.graduate university of chinese academy of sciences,Beijing,100190

＜正＞Children in this world almost immersed in the environment of *** brand knowledge is necessary for children to adapt to the complicated consumer environment and grow as a sophisticated *** research investigated the development of 3-7-year-old children’s brand awareness by using preference *** result showed that:（1） By the age of 5,children showed preference for the p.o.uct with high brand awareness,but the 3-year-olds did not show this tendency;（2） perspective taking affected the children’s judgment,children did better when they were asked to judge a ignorant person’s preference than to judge theirs.

关键词： consumer socialization brand awareness children development