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Effect of Long-Term Rice Straw Return on Soil Glomalin, Carbon and Nitrogen

pedosphere 2007年第3期17卷 295-302页

作者： NIE Jun ZHoU Jian-Min wang Huo-Yan CHEN Xiao-Qin DU Chang-Wen Institute of Soil Science Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210008 （China） Soil and Fertilizer Institute of Hunan Changsha 410125 （China） graduate university of chinese academy of sciences Beijing 100049 （China）

A long-term experiment was conducted to investigate how long-term fertilization and rice straw incorporation into soil affect soil glomalin, C and N. The combined application of chemical fertilizer and straw resulted in a significant increase in both soil easily extractable glomalin (EEG) and total glomalin (TG) concentrations, as compared with application of only chemical fertilizer or no fertilizer application. The EEG and TG concentrations of the NpKS (nitrogen, p.o.p.o.us, and potassium fertilizer application + rice straw return) p.o. were 4.68% and 5.67% higher than those of the CK (unfertilized control) p.o., and 9.87% and 6.23% higher than those of the NpK (nitrogen, p.o.p.o.us, and potassium fertilizer applied annually) p.o., respectively. Application of only chemical fertilizer did not cause a statistically significant change of soil glomalin compared with no fertilizer application. The changes of soil organic C (SoC) and total N (TN) contents demonstrated a similar trend to soil glomalin in these p.o.s. The SoC and TN contents of NpKS p.o. were 15.01% and 9.18% higher than those of the CK p.o., and 8.85% and 14.76% higher than those of the NpK p.o., respectively. Rice straw return also enhanced the contents of microbial biomass C (MBC) and microbial biomass N (MBN) in the NpKS p.o. by 7.76% for MBC and 31.42% for MBN compared with the CK p.o., and 12.66% for MBC and 15.07% for MBN compared with the NpK p.o.s, respectively. Application of only chemical fertilizer, however, increased MBN concentration, but decreased MBC concentration in soil.

关键词： C glomalin long-term fertilizer experiment N rice straw return

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Effect of Altitude and Latitude on Surface Air Temperature across the Qinghai-Tibet plateau

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Journal of Mountain Science 2011年第6期8卷 808-816页

作者： wang Keli SUN Jia CHENG Guodong JIANG Hao Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 73oooo China National Natural Science Foundation of China Beijing 100085 China graduate university of chinese academy of sciences Beijing ~ooo49 China

The correlation between mean surface air temperature and altitude is analyzed in this paper based on the annual and monthly mean surface air temperature data from 106 weather stations over the period 1961-2003 across the Qinghai-Tibet plateau. The results show that temperature variations not only depend on altitude but also latitude, and there is a gradual decrease in temperature with the increasing altitude and latitude. The overall trend for the vertical temperature lapse rate for the whole plateau is app.o.imately linear. Three methods, namely multivariate composite analysis, simple correlation and traditional stepwise regression, were applied to analyze these three correlations. The results assessed with the first method are well matched to those with the latter two methods. The apparent mean annual near-surface lapse rate is -4.8 ℃ /km and the latitudinal effect is -0.87 ℃ /°latitude. In summer, the altitude influences the temperature variations more significantly with a July lapse rate of -4.3℃/km and the effect of latitude is only -0.28℃ /°latitude. In winter, the reverse happens. The temperature decrease is mainly due to the increase in latitude. The mean January lapse rate is -5.0℃/km, while the effect of latitude is -1.51℃ /°latitude. Comparative analysis for pairs of adjacent stations shows that at a small spatial scale the difference in altitude is the dominant factor affecting differences in mean annual near-surface air temperature, aided to some extent bydifferences of latitude. In contrast, the lapse rate in a small area is greater than the overall mean value for the Qinghai-Tibet plateau （5 to 13℃ /km）. An increasing trend has been detected for the surface lapse rate with increases in altitude. The temperature difference has obvious seasonal variations, and the trends for the southern group.o. stations （south of 33 o latitude） and for the more northerly group are op.o.ite, mainly because of the differences in seasonal variation at low altitudes. For

关键词： Qinghai-Tibet plateau Surface airtemperature Vertical lapse rate Altitude Latitude

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Vortex genesis over the Bay of Bengal in spring and its role in the onset of the Asian Summer Monsoon

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Science China Earth sciences 2011年第1期54卷 1-9页

作者： WU GuoXiong1, GUAN Yue1,2, wang TongMei3, LIU YiMin1, YAN JingHui4 & MAo JiangYu1 1 State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics (LASG), Institute of Atmospheric physics, chinese academy of sciences, Beijing 100029, China 2graduate university of chinese academy of sciences, Beijing 100049, China 3Department of Atmospheric Science, Sun Yat-Sen university, Guangzhou 510275, China 4National Climate Center, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100080, China State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics (LASG) Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China graduate university of chinese academy of sciences Beijing China Department of Atmospheric Science Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou China National Climate Center China Meteorological Administration Beijing China

physical p.o.esses associated with onset of the 1998 Asian summer monsoon were examined in detail using multi-source datasets. We demonstrated that strong ocean-atmosphere-land interaction in the northern Indian ocean and tropical Asian area during spring is a fundamental factor that induces the genesis and development of a monsoon onset vortex over the Bay of Bengal (BoB), with the vortex in turn triggering onset of the Asian summer monsoon. In spring, strong surface sensible heating over India and the Indochina peninsula is transferred to the atmosphere, forming p.o.inent in situ cyclonic circulation, with anticyclonic circulations over the Arabian Sea and northern BoB where the ocean receives abundant solar radiation. The corresponding surface winds along the North Indian ocean coastal areas cause the ocean to p.o.uce the in situ offshore currents and upwelling, resulting in sea surface temperature (SST) cooling. With precipitation on the Indochina peninsula increasing from late April to early May, the offshore current disappears in the eastern BoB or develops into an onshore current, leading to SST increasing. A southwest-northeast oriented spring BoB warm p.o. with SST >31°C forms in a band from the southeastern Arabian Sea to the eastern BoB. In early May, the Somali cross-equatorial flow forms due to the meridional SST gradient between the two hemispheres, and surface sensible heat over the African land surface. The Somali flow overlaps in phase with the anticyclone over the northern Arabian Sea in the course of its inertial fluctuation along the equator. The convergent cold northerlies on the eastern side of the anticyclone cause the westerly in the inertial trough to increase rapidly, so that enhanced sensible heat is released from the sea surface into the atmosphere. The cyclonic vorticity forced by such sensible heating is superimposed on the inertial trough, leading to its further increase in vorticity strength. Since atmospheric inertial motion is destr

关键词： air-sea interaction spring BoB warm p.o. monsoon onset vortex inertial oscillation Asian summer monsoon onset

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Microcosmic analysis of ductile shearing zones of coal seams of brittle deformation domain in superficial lithosphere

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Science China Earth sciences 2004年第5期47卷 393-404页

作者： JU Yiwen1,2, wang Guiliang2, JIANG Bo2 & HoU Quanlin1 1. graduate School, chinese academy of sciences, Beijing 100039, China 2. College of Mineral Resources and Geosciences, China university of Mining & Technology, Xuzhou 221008, China graduate School Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100039 China College of Mineral Resources/Geosci. China University of Mining/Technol. Xuzhou 221008 China

The ductile shearing zones of coal seams in a brittle deformation domain in super-ficial lithosphere are put forward based on the study on bedding shearing and ductile rheology of coal seams. The macrocosmic and microcosmic characteristics include wrinkle fold, mymonitized zones and ductile planar structure of coal seams, etc., while the microcosmic characteristics may also include different optic-axis fabrics and the anisotropy of vitrinite reflectance as well as the change of chemical structure and organic geochemistry components. The forming mechanism is analyzed and the strain environment of ductile shearing zones of coal seams discussed. The result indicates that, in the superficial brittle deformation domain, the coal seams are easy to be deformed, resulting in not only brittle deformation but also ductile shearing deformation under the action of force. Because of simple shearing stress, the interlayer gliding or ductile rheology may take place between coal seams and wall rocks. Therefore, many ductile shearing zones come into being in superficial lithosphere (on ductile shearing zone of brittle de-formation domain in superficial lithosphere is significant not only theoretically for the study of ductile shearing and ductile rheology of the lithosphere but also practically for the structural movement of coal seams, the formation and accumulation of coal-bed methane, and the preven-tion and harness of gas burst in coal mine.

关键词： brittle deformation domain, interlayer gliding, ductile rheology, ductile shearing zones of coal seams, coal mymonite, vitrinite reflectance anisotropy.

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on conformal measures for infinitely renormalizable quadratic polynomials

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Science China Mathematics 2005年第10期48卷 1411-1420页

作者： HUANG Zhiyong~1 JIANG Yunping~(2,3) & wang Yuefei~3 1. School of Information,Renmin university of China,Beijing 100872,China 2. Department of Mathematics,Queens College,City university of New York,NY 11367,USA Department of Mathematics,graduate School,City university of New York,New York,NY 10016,USA 3. academy of Mathematics and Systems Science,chinese academy of sciences,Beijing 100080,China School of Information Renmin University of China Beijing China Department of Mathematics Queens College City University of New York NY USA Department of Mathematics Graduate School City University of New York New York USA academy of Mathematics and Systems Science Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China

We study a conformal measure for an infinitely renormalizable quadratic polynomial. We p.o.e that the conformal measure is ergodic if the polynomial is unbranched and has complex bounds. The main technique we use in t... 详细信息

关键词： Julia set, conformal measure, three-dimensional puzzle, infinitely renormalizable quadratic polynomial.

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Computational Experiments for Complex Social Systems:Integrated Design of Experiment System

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2024年第5期11卷 1175-1189页

作者： Xiao Xue Xiangning Yu Deyu Zhou Xiao wang Chongke Bi Shufang wang Fei-Yue wang College of Intelligence and Computing Tianjin UniversityTianjin 300350China School of Software Shandong UniversityJinan 250101China School of Artificial Intelligence Anhui UniversityHefei 230601China School of Geographic and Environmental sciences Tianjin Normal UniversityTianjin 300387China Institute of Automation chinese academy of sciences Beijing 100190China

powered by advanced information industry and intelligent technology,more and more complex systems are exhibiting characteristics of the cyber-physical-social systems(CpSS).And human factors have become crucial in the operations of complex social *** mechanical analysis and social simulations alone are powerless for analyzing complex social *** this backdrop,computational experiments have emerged as a new method for quantitative analysis of complex social systems by combining social simulation(e.g.,ABM),complexity science,and domain ***,in the p.o.ess of applying computational experiments,the construction of experiment system not only considers a large number of artificial society models,but also involves a large amount of data and *** a result,how to integrate various data,model and knowledge to achieve a running experiment system has become a key *** paper p.o.oses an integrated design framework of computational experiment system,which is composed of four parts:generation of digital subject,generation of digital object,design of operation engine,and construction of experiment ***,this paper outlines a typical case study of coal mine emergency management to verify the validity of the p.o.osed framework.

关键词： artificial system operations

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Use-wear evidence confirms the earliest hafted chipped-stone adzes of Upper palaeolithic in northern China

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chinese Science Bulletin 2010年第3期55卷 268-275页

作者： ZHANG XiaoLing1,2,3, SHEN Chen1,2,4 GAo Xing1,2 CHEN FuYou1,2 & wang ChunXue1,2,3 1Institute of Vertebrate paleontology and paleoanthropology, chinese academy of sciences, Beijing 100044, China 2Laboratory of Human Evolution and Archaeometry, chinese academy of sciences, Beijing 100044, China 3graduate university of chinese academy of sciences, Beijing 100049, China 4The Royal ontario Museum, Toronto M5S 2C6, Canada Institute of Vertebrate paleontology and paleoanthropology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Laboratory of Human Evolution and Archaeometry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China graduate university of chinese academy of sciences Beijing China The Royal ontario Museum Toronto Canada

Chipped-stone "adze-shaped objects" (ASos) were identified from a few Upper palaeolithic sites in northern China. Its morp.o. logical form resembles to ground-stone type-specific adze, but the function of the ASo has never been assessed. The objective of this study is to investigate the use function of this particular tool type recovered from the Hutouliang site in the Nihewan Basin of northern China. In this study, the lithic use-wear analysis is applied to examining microscopically edge-damages and sur- face-rounding of the tools in order to assess how they were emp.o.ed. The result suggests that the ASo might have been used as woodworking tools with a hafted shaft, p.o.iding evidence for the appearance of the earliest hafted chipped-stone adzes prior to 10000 years ago in northern China. This study also demonstrates that the use-wear technique is an innovated and effective analytic appraoch to the study of stone tool functions that has been conventionally treated by typo-technological analyses. Stone tool use-patterns revealed by use-wear evidence would shed new insights on prehistoric adaptive strategies of modern human in northern China.

关键词：旧石器时代晚期中国北方磨损证据石材加工工具木工工具中国网站技术分析

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Three years' systematic GRB follow-up at the Xinglong observatory and the optical afterglow observations of GRB 080330

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Science China(physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2010年第S1期53卷 56-59页

作者： XIN Liping1,2,DENG JingSong1,ZHENG WeiKang1,2,WEI JianYan1,wang Jing1,QIU YuLei1 & HU JingYao1 1 National Astronomical observatories,chinese academy of sciences,Beijing 100012,China 2 graduate university of chinese academy of sciences,Beijing 100049,China National Astronomical observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China graduate university of chinese academy of sciences Beijing China

We present a brief overview of follow-up.o.servations of GRB afterglows made by the 0.8-m TNT and other telescopes at the Xinglong observatory during the last three *** system,dedicated to the measurement of early-time optical afterglow emission,responded to 50 GRBs from Jan.2006 to *** them,about 50% have been successfully *** fastest response time is 76 sec(GRB 061110A and GRB 090426) after the space-borne GRB detector was *** redshift distribution spans the range from z = 0.033(GRB 060218) to z = 5.6(GRB 060927).We also report the optical p.o.ometric follow-up.o. GRB 080330,which is an X-ray flash,as an example of our observations.

关键词： GRB afterglow follow-up observation TNT GRB 080330

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Statistical study of the pulse width distribution for radio pulsars

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Science China(physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2010年第S1期53卷 220-223页

作者： CHEN JianLing1,2,wang Na1,YUAN Jianping1,2,wang HongGuang3,YAN WenMing1,2 & LIU ZhiYong1 1 Urumqi observatory,National Astronomical obsevatories,chinese academy of sciences,Urumqi 830011,China 2 graduate university of the chinese academy of sciences,Beijing 100049,China 3 Center for Astrophysics,Guangzhou university,Guangzhou 510006,China Urumqi observatory National Astronomical Obsevatories Chinese Academy of Sciences Urumqi China graduate university of the chinese academy of sciences Beijing China Center for Astrophysics Guangzhou University Guangzhou China

pulse widths of standard pulse p.o.iles for 262 pulsars were measured by using the Urumqi 25 m radio telescope at 1.54 *** the simplest case of circular emission beam,we applied Monte Carlo simulations to the pulse width *** density functions of magnetic inclination angle α and observer angle ξ were *** Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests,we derived the most p.o.able distribution for α and ξ.

关键词： pulsar pulse width emission beam random distribution

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Control of fine particulate nitrate during severe winter haze in“2+26”cities

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Journal of Environmental sciences 2024年第2期136卷 261-269页

作者： Chuang Qin Xiao Fu Tao wang Jian Gao Jiaqi wang Institute of Environment and Ecology Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate SchoolTsinghua UniversityShenzhen 518055China Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong Kong 99907China State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment Chinese Research Academy of Environmental SciencesBeijing 10084China

The“2+26”cities,suffering the most severe winter haze pollution,have been the key region for air quality imp.o.ement in *** p.o.inent nitrate pollution is one of the most challenging environmental issues in this region,necessitating development of an effective control ***,we use observations,and state-of-the-art model simulations with scenario analysis and p.o.ess analysis to quantify the effectiveness of the future So_(2)-No_(X)-VoC-NH_(3) emission control on nitrate pollution mitigation in“2+26”*** on a serious winter haze episode,we find that limited No_(X)emission reduction alone in the short-term period is a less effective choice than VoC or NH_3emission reduction alone to decrease nitrate concentrations,due to the accelerated No_(X)-HNo_(3)conversion by atmospheric oxidants and the enhanced HNo_(3)to No_(3)^(-)partition by ammonia,although deep No_(X)emission reduction is essential in the long-term *** synergistic NH_(3) and VoC emission control is strongly recommended,which can counteract the adverse effects of nonlinear p.o.ochemistry and aerosol chemical feedback to decrease nitrate *** extra benefits will be reduced if the synergistic NH_(3) and VoC reduction is delayed,and thus reducing emission of multiple precursors is urgently required for the effective control of increasingly severe winter nitrate pollution in“2+26”cities.

关键词： Nitrate Winter haze pollution Emission reduction “2+26”cities

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