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Digital Revolution and Job Quality of Lower Class Workers: Quasi-experimental Evidence from the Broadband China Program

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China & World Economy 2024年第4期32卷 146-178页

作者： Xiumei wang Ye Jiang Famin Yi School of Business Fuyang Normal UniversityChina Department of Economics Dickinson CollegeUSA School of Economics and Management South China Agricultural UniversityChina

This study examines the impact of the digital revolution on the job quality of workers with a specific focus on those at the lowest end of the spectrum in China's domestic labor market. Leveraging exogenous timing variations that result from the implementation of the Broadband China Program across different cities, it provides quasi-experimental evidence concerning the effects of the digital revolution on the job quality of lower class workers, particularly rural–urban migrant workers. Using data from China Migrants Dynamic Survey, this study reveals that migrants' comprehensive job quality index increased by 0.0138 (5.33 percent), and its component indices experienced positive effects after the Broadband China Program was implemented. This study also investigates heterogeneous policy treatment effects among workers with diverse demographic and occupational characteristics. Underlying mechanisms are considered, including positive macroeconomic shocks, increased social interactions, and Internet use. In particular, migrants' attitudes toward local settlement became more positive, suggesting that the positive effects of the digital revolution on livelihood lasted for some time. Taking China as an example, this study contributes valuable empirical evidence of how the digital revolution can affect lower class workers' employment or living conditions in a developing country. Related policy implications are also considered.

关键词： Broadband China Program digital revolution job quality lower clas workers rural-urban migrants

Transient self-assembly driven by chemical fuels

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ChemPhysMater 2024年第1期3卷 1-23页

作者： Ling wang Jin Yuan Jingcheng Hao Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry Shandong UniversityMinistry of EducationJinan 250100China School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Qilu Normal UniversityJinan 250200China

Self-assembly has been extensively studied in chemistry,physics,biology,and materials engineering and has become an important“bottom-up”approach in creating intriguing structures for different *** dissipative self-assembly to construct fuel-dependent,energy-consuming,and dynamic nonequilibrium systems is important for developing intelligent life-like ***,dissipative self-assembly has become a research hotspot in materials chemistry,biomedical science,environmental chemistry,and physical *** in-depth understanding of the process and mechanism provides useful insights to the researchers for devel-oping materials using dissipative self-assembly and also helps guide future innovation in material *** critical review comprehensively analyzes various chemical fuel input and energy consumption mechanisms,supported by numerous illustrative *** transient assemblies,including gels,vesicles,micelles,and nanoparticle aggregates,have been systematically studied in our and other *** relationship between the molecular structure of precursors and temporal assemblies in dissipative self-assemblies is discussed from the perspective of physical *** dissipative self-assembly methods to construct functional assemblies provides important implications for constructing high-energy,nonequilibrium,and intelligent functional materials.

关键词： Self-Assembly Chemical Fuel Consumption mechanisms Functional assemblies

Explainable-AI-based two-stage solution for WSN object localization using zero-touch mobile transceivers

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2024年第7期67卷 27-45页

作者： Kai FANG Junxin CHEN Han ZHU Thippa Reddy GADEKALLU Xiaoping WU Wei wang School of Mathematics and Computer Science Zhejiang A&F University School of Software Dalian University of Technology Faculty of Applied Sciences Macao Polytechnic University Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Lebanese American University School of Information Engineering Huzhou University Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Emotional Intelligence and Pervasive Computing Artificial Intelligence Research Institute Shenzhen MSU-BIT University

Artificial intelligence technology is widely used in the field of wireless sensor networks(WSN).Due to its inexplicability, the interference factors in the process of WSN object localization cannot be effectively eliminated. In this paper, an explainable-AI-based two-stage solution is proposed for WSN object localization. In this solution, mobile transceivers are used to enlarge the positioning range and eliminate the blind area for object localization. The motion parameters of transceivers are considered to be unavailable,and the localization problem is highly nonlinear with respect to the unknown parameters. To address this,an explainable AI model is proposed to solve the localization problem. Since the relationship among the variables is difficult to fully include in the first-stage traditional model, we develop a two-stage explainable AI solution for this localization problem. The two-stage solution is actually a comprehensive consideration of the relationship between variables. The solution can continue to use the constraints unused in the firststage during the second-stage, thereby improving the performance of the solution. Therefore, the two-stage solution has stronger robustness compared to the closed-form solution. Experimental results show that the performance of both the two-stage solution and the traditional solution will be affected by numerical changes in unknown parameters. However, the two-stage solution performs better than the traditional solution, especially with a small number of mobile transceivers and sensors or in the presence of high noise. Furthermore,we have also verified the feasibility of the proposed explainable-AI-based two-stage solution.

关键词： explainable AI object localization semidefinite relaxation mobile transceiver two-stage solution closed-form solution

Boosting Adversarial Training with Learnable Distribution

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第3期78卷 3247-3265页

作者： Kai Chen Jinwei wang James Msughter Adeke Guangjie Liu Yuewei Dai School of Electronics and Information Engineering Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing210044China Key Laboratory of Intelligent Support Technology for Complex Environments Ministry of EducationNanjing210044China School of Computer and Software Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing210044China Nanjing Center for Applied Mathematics Nanjing211135China

In recent years,various adversarial defense methods have been proposed to improve the robustness of deep neural *** training is one of the most potent methods to defend against adversarial ***,the difference in the feature space between natural and adversarial examples hinders the accuracy and robustness of the model in adversarial *** paper proposes a learnable distribution adversarial training method,aiming to construct the same distribution for training data utilizing the Gaussian mixture *** distribution centroid is built to classify samples and constrain the distribution of the sample *** natural and adversarial examples are pushed to the same distribution centroid to improve the accuracy and robustness of the *** proposed method generates adversarial examples to close the distribution gap between the natural and adversarial examples through an attack algorithm explicitly designed for adversarial *** algorithm gradually increases the accuracy and robustness of the model by scaling ***,the proposed method outputs the predicted labels and the distance between the sample and the distribution *** distribution characteristics of the samples can be utilized to detect adversarial cases that can potentially evade the model *** effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated through comprehensive experiments.

关键词： Adversarial training feature space learnable distribution distribution centroid

Quantum weak force sensing with squeezed magnomechanics

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2024年第10期Mechanics & Astronomy) .卷 27-36页

作者： Qian Zhang Jie wang Tian-Xiang Lu Ran Huang Franco Nori Hui Jing Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Structures and Quantum Control of Ministry of Education Department of Physics and Synergetic Innovation Center for Quantum Effects and ApplicationsHunan Normal University College of Physics and Electronic Information Gannan Normal University Theoretical Quantum Physics Laboratory Cluster for Pioneering ResearchRIKEN Center for Quantum Computing RIKEN Department of Physics University of Michigan Academy for Quantum Science and Technology Zhengzhou University of Light Industry

Cavity magnomechanics, exhibiting remarkable experimental tunability, rich magnonic nonlinearities, and compatibility with various quantum systems, has witnessed considerable advances in recent years. However, the potential benefits of using cavity magnomechanical(CMM) systems in further improving the performance of quantum-enhanced sensing for weak forces remain largely unexplored. Here we show that, by squeezing the magnons, the performance of a quantum CMM sensor can be significantly enhanced beyond the standard quantum limit(SQL). We find that, for comparable parameters, two orders of magnitude enhancement in the force sensitivity can be achieved in comparison with the case without magnon squeezing. Moreover, we obtain the optimal parameter regimes of homodyne angle for minimizing the added quantum noise. Our findings provide a promising approach for highly tunable and compatible quantum force sensing using hybrid CMM devices, with potential applications ranging from quantum precision measurements to quantum information processing.

关键词： quantum force sensing cavity magnomechanics magnon Kerr effect

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Two-dimensional materials for tunable and nonlinear metaoptics

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Advanced Photonics 2024年第3期6卷 16-34页

作者： Zeng wang Kandammathe Valiyaveedu Sreekanth Meng Zhao Jinpeng Nong Yincheng Liu Jinghua Teng Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR) Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE)

Metaoptics formed by ultrathin and planar building blocks enable compact and efficient optical devices that manipulate light at the nanoscale. The development of tunable metaoptics holds the promise of miniaturized and efficient optical systems that can dynamically adapt to changing conditions or requirements,propelling innovations in fields ranging from telecommunication and imaging to quantum computing and sensing. Two-dimensional(2D) materials show strong promise in enabling tunable metaoptics due to their exceptional electronic and optical properties from the quantum confinement within the atomically thin layers. In this review, we discuss the recent advancements and challenges of 2D material-based tunable metaoptics in both linear and nonlinear regimes and provide an outlook for prospects in this rapidly advancing area.

关键词： metaoptics tunable metaoptics two-dimensional optoelectronics nonlinear optics excitons polaritons

Fe nanoclusters anchored in biomass waste-derived porous carbon nanosheets for high-performance supercapacitor

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2024年第8期35卷 362-366页

作者： Yuchen wang Yaoyu Liu Xiongfei Huang Guanjie He Kai Yan Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology School of Environmental Science and EngineeringSun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510275China Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry(Ministry of Education) Nankai UniversityTianjin 300071China Electrochemical Innovation Lab Department of Chemical EngineeringUniversity College LondonLondonWC1E 7JEUnited Kingdom

Metal-nanocluster materials have gradually become a promising electrode candidate for supercapaci-tor *** high-efficient and rational architecture of these metal-nanocluster electrode mate-rials with satisfied supercapacitive performance are full of ***,Fe-nanocluster anchored porous carbon(FAPC)nanosheets were constructed through a facile and low-cost impregnation-activation *** characterization methods documented that FAPC nanosheets possessed a mesopore-dominated structure with large surface area and abundant Fe-N4 active sites,which are crucial for su-percapacitive energy *** optimal FAPC electrode exhibited a high specific capacitance of 378 F/g at a specific current of 1 A/g and an excellent rate capability(271 F/g at 10 A/g),which are comparable or even superior to that of most reported carbon ***,the FAPC-based device achieved a desired specific energy of 14.8 Wh/kg at a specific power of 700 W/*** work opens a new avenue to design metal-nanocluster materials for high-performance biomass waste-based supercapacitors.

关键词： Fe nanoclusters Biomass waste Porous carbon nanosheets Supercapacitor Charge transfer

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Zeolites for the separation of ethylene, ethane, and ethyne

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FRONTIERS OF CHEMICAL SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2024年第9期18卷 108-0页

作者： wang, Binyu Li, Qiang Zhang, Haoyang Zhang, Jia-Nan Pan, Qinhe Yan, Wenfu Jilin Univ Coll Chem State Key Lab Inorgan Synth & Preparat Chem Changchun 130012 Peoples R China Zhengzhou Univ Coll Mat Sci & Engn Key Lab Adv Energy Catalyt & Funct Mat Preparat Zhengzhou 450012 Peoples R China Hainan Univ Sch Chem & Chem Engn Key Lab Adv Mat Trop Isl Resources Minist Educ Haikou 570228 Peoples R China

The cost-effective separation of ethylene (C2H4), ethyne (C2H2), and ethane (C2H6) poses a significant challenge in the contemporary chemical industry. In contrast to the energy-intensive high-pressure cryogenic distillation process, zeolite-based adsorptive separation offers a low-energy alternative. This review provides a concise overview of recent advancements in the adsorptive separation of C2H4, C2H2, and C2H6 using zeolites or zeolite-based adsorbents. It commences with an examination of the industrial significance of these compounds and the associated separation challenges. Subsequently, it systematically examines the utilization of various types of zeolites with diverse cationic species in such separation processes. And then it explores how different zeolitic structures impact adsorption and separation capabilities, considering principles such as cation-pi interaction, pi-complexation, and steric separation concerning C2H4, C2H2, and C2H6 molecules. Furthermore, it discusses methods to enhance the separation performance of zeolites and zeolite-based adsorbents, encompassing structural design, modifications, and ion exchange processes. Finally, it summarizes current research trends and future directions, highlighting the potential application value of zeolitic materials in the field of C2H4, C2H2, and C2H6 separation and offering recommendations for further investigation.

关键词： zeolite ethylene ethane cation-pi interaction pi-complexation ADSORPTIVE SEPARATION CARBON-DIOXIDE C2H4 PURIFICATION FRAMEWORKS SORBENTS REMOVAL

Two-dimensional C2N-based single-atom catalyst with complex microenvironment for enhanced electrochemical nitrogen reduction:A descriptor-based design

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第10期97卷 110-119页

作者： Enduo Dai Wei An Ruixian Guo Xugen Shi Yunyi Li Yibo wang Mingming Liu College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shanghai University of Engineering Science

The catalytic descriptor with operational feasibility is highly desired towards rational design of high-performance catalyst especially the electrode/electrolyte solution interface working under mild ***,we demonstrate that the descriptor Ω parameterized by readily accessible intrinsic properties of metal center and coordination is highly operational and efficient in rational design of single-atom catalyst（SAC） for driving electrochemical nitrogen reduction（NRR）.Using twodimensional metal（M）-BxPySzNm@C2N as prototype SAC models,we reveal that*N2+（H++e-）→*N2H acts predominantly as the potential-limiting step（PLS） of NRR on M-B2P2S2@C2N and M-B1P1S1N3@C2N regardless of the distinction in coordination *** the 28 screened M active sites,with Ω values close to the optimal 4,M-B2P2S2@C2N(M=V（Ω=3.53）,Mo（Ω=5.12）,and W（Ω=3.92）) and M-B1P1S1N3@C2N(M=V（Ω=3.00）,Mo（Ω=4.34）,and W（Ω=3.32）) yield the lowered limiting potential（UL） as-0.45,-0.54.-0.36,-0.58,-0.25,and-0.24 V,respectively,thus making them the promising NRR *** importantly,these SACs are located around the top of volcano-shape plot of ULversus Ω,re-validating Ω as an effective descriptor for accurately predicting the high-activity NRR SACs even with complex *** study unravels the relationship between active-site structure and NRR performance via the descriptor Ω,which can be applied to other important sustainable electrocatalytic reactions involving activation of small molecules via σ-donation and π*-backdonation mechanism.

关键词： Descriptor DFT Electrocatalysis N2 reduction Single-atom catalyst