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Investigation of feasibility of alkali-cosolvent flooding in heavy oil reservoirs

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Petroleum Science 2023年第3期20卷 1608-1619页

作者： Yi-Bo Li He-Fei Jia wan-fen pu Bing Wei Shuo-Shi wang Na Yuan State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation Southwest Petroleum UniversityChengdu610500SichuanChina Mewbourne School of Petroleum and Geological Engineering University of OklahomaNormanOK73019USA

Cold production is a challenge in the case of heavy oil because of its high viscosity and poor fluidity in reservoir ***-cosolvent-polymer flooding is a type of microemulsion flooding with low costs and possible potential for heavy oil ***,the addition of polymer may cause problems with injection in the case of highly viscous ***,in this study the feasibility of alkali-cosolvent(AC)flooding in heavy oil reservoirs was investigated via several groups of *** interfacial tension between various AC formulations and heavy crude oil was measured to select appropriate *** behavior tests were performed to determine the most appropriate formulation and conditions for the generation of a *** flooding experiments were carried out to investigate the displacement efficiency of the selected Ac *** results showed that the interfacial tension between an AC formulation and heavy oil could be reduced to below 1o-3 mN/m but differed greatly between different types of cosolvent.A butanol random polyether series displayed good performance in reducing the water-oil interfacial tension,which made it possible to form a Type Il microemulsion in reservoir *** to the results of the phase behavior tests,the optimal salinity for different formulations with four cosolvent concentrations(0.5 wt%,1 wt%,2 wt%,and 3 wt%)was 4000,8000,14000,and 20000 ppm,*** results of rheological measurements showed that Type Ill microemulsion had a viscosity that was ten times that of *** results of sandpack flooding experiments showed that,in comparison with waterflooding,the injection of a certain Ac formulation slug could reduce the injection *** pressure gradient during waterflooding and AC flooding was around 870 and 30-57 kPa/m,*** the addition of an AC slug,the displacement efficiency was 30%-50%higher than in the case of waterflooding.

关键词： Heavy oil Microemulsion Cold production Chemical flooding Displacement efficiency

In situ catalytic upgrading of heavy crude oil through low-temperature oxidation

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Petroleum Science 2016年第3期13卷 476-488页

作者： Hu Jia Peng-Gang Liu wan-fen pu Xian-Ping Ma Jie Zhang Lu Gan State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation Southwest Petroleum University Oil Production Technology Institute of Dagang Oilfield CNPC

The low-temperature catalytic oxidation of heavy crude oil（Xinjiang Oilfield,China） was studied using three types of catalysts including oil-soluble,watersoluble,and dispersed *** to primary screening,oil-soluble catalysts,copper naphthenate and manganese naphthenate,are more attractive,and were selected to further investigate their catalytic performance in in situ upgrading of heavy *** heavy oil compositions and molecular structures were characterized by column chromatography,elemental analysis,and Fourier transform infrared spectrometry before and after *** Arrhenius kinetics model was introduced to calculate the rheological activation energy of heavy oil from the viscosity-temperature *** show that the two oil-soluble catalysts can crack part of heavy components into light components,decrease the heteroatom content,and achieve the transition of reaction mode from oxygen addition to bond *** calculated rheological activation energy of heavy oil from the fitted Arrhenius model is consistent with physical properties of heavy oil（oil viscosity and contents of heavy fractions）.It is found that the temperature,oil composition,and internal molecular structures are the main factors affecting its flow ***-soluble catalyst-assisted air injection or air huff-n-puff injection is a promising in situ catalytic upgrading method for improving heavy oil recovery.

关键词： In situ catalytic oxidation Heavy oil Upgrading Low-temperature oxidation Mechanism

Heat front propagation in shale oil reservoirs during air injection:Experimental and numerical studies

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Petroleum Science 2024年第5期21卷 3379-3389页

作者： Shuai Zhao Chun-Yun Xu wan-fen pu Qing-Yuan Chen Cheng-Dong Yuan Mikhail A.Varfolomeev Vladislav Sudakov State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation Southwest Petroleum UniversityChengdu610500SichuanChina Tianfu Yongxing Laboratory Chengdu610213SichuanChina Department of Petroleum Engineering Kazan Federal UniversityKazan420008Russia Institute of Geology and Petroleum Technologies Kazan Federal UniversityKazan420008Russia Center for Petroleum Science and Engineering Skolkovo Institute of Science and TechnologyMoscow121205Russia

Air injection technique for developing shale oil has gained significant attention. However, the ability of the heat front to consistently propagate within the shale during air injection remains uncertain. To address this, we investigated the heat front propagation within oil-detritus mixtures, shale cores, and fractured shale cores using a self-designed combustion tube(CT) and experimental schemes. By integrating the results obtained from high-pressure differential scanning calorimetry and CT, we developed a comprehensive reaction kinetics model to accurately analyze the main factors influencing the heat front propagation within fractured shale. The findings revealed that in the absence of additional fractures, the heat front failed to propagate within the tight shale. The flow of gases and liquids towards the shale core was impeded, resulting in the formation of a high-pressure zone at the front region of the shale. This pressure buildup significantly hindered air injection, leading to inadequate oxygen supply and the extinguishment of the heat front. However, the study demonstrated the stable propagation of the heat front within the oil-detritus mixtures, indicating the good combustion activity of the shale ***, the heat front successfully propagated within the fractured shale, generating a substantial amount of heat that facilitated the creation of fractures and enhanced gas injection and shale oil flow. It was important to note that after the heat front passed through the shale, the combustion intensity decreased. The simulation results indicated that injecting air into the main fracturing layers of the shale oil reservoir enabled the establishment of a stable heat front. Increasing the reservoir temperature(from 63 to 143℃) and oxygen concentration in the injected gas(from 11% to 21%) promoted notable heat front propagation and increased the average temperature of the heat front. It was concluded that temperature and oxygen concentration had the mos

关键词： Heat front propagation Shale oil Kinetics model Combustion tube Air injection

Properties,combustion behavior,and kinetic triplets of coke produced by low-temperature oxidation and pyrolysis:Implications for heavy oil in-situ combustion

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Petroleum Science 2021年第5期18卷 1483-1491页

作者： Shuai Zhao wan-fen pu Lei Su Ce Shang Yang Song Wei Li Hui-Zhuo He Yi-Gang Liu Zhe-Zhi Liu State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation Southwest Petroleum UniversityChengduSichuan610500China Post-Doctorate R&D Base Southwest Petroleum UniversityChengduSichuan610500China E&D Research Institute of Liaohe Oilfield CNPC PanjinLiaoning124000China School of Oil and Gas Engineering Chongqing University of Science and TechnologyChongqing401331China

This work aimed at investigating the crucial factor in building and maintaining the combustion front during in-situ combustion(ISC),oxidized coke and pyrolyzed *** surface morphologies,elemental contents,and non-isothermal mass losses of the oxidized and pyrolyzed cokes were thoroughly *** results indicated that the oxidized coke could be combusted at a lower temperature compared to the pyrolyzed coke due primarily to their differences in the molecular polarity and *** triplets of coke combustion were determined using iso-conversional models and one advanced integral master plots *** activation energy values of the oxidized and pyrolyzed cokes varied in the range of 130-153 k J/mol and 95-120 kJ/mol,*** most appropriate reaction model of combustion of the oxidized and pyrolyzed cokes followed three-dimensional diffusion model(D_(3)) and random nucleation and subsequent growth model(F_(1)),*** observations assisted in building the numerical model of these two types of cokes to simulate the ISC process.

关键词： Oxidized coke Pyrolyzed coke Heavy oil In-situ combustion Kinetic triplets

Stability of high-salinity-enhanced foam:Surface behavior and thin-film drainage

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Petroleum Science 2023年第4期20卷 2343-2353页

作者： Lin Sun Xue-Hui Sun Yong-Chang Zhang Jun Xin Hong-Ying Sun Yi-Bo Li wan-fen pu Jin-Yu Tang Bing Wei National Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation Southwest Petroleum UniversityChengdu610500SichuanChina No.9 Oil Production Plant PetroChina Changqing Oilfield CompanyYinchuan750006GansuChina Research Institute of Geological Exploration and Development CNPC Chuanqing Drilling Engineering Company LimitedChengdu610501SichuanChina Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering United Arab Emirates UniversityAl AinAbu Dhabi15551United Arab Emirates

Cocamidopropyl hydroxyl sulfobetaine(CHSB)is one of the most promising foaming agents for high-salinity reservoirs because the salt in place facilitates its foam stability,even with salinity as high as 2×10^(5)mg/***,the synergistic effects between CHSB and salt have not been fully *** study utilized bulk foam tests and thin-film interferometry to comprehensively investigate the macroscopic and microscopic decay processes of CHSB foams with NaCl concentrations ranging from 2.3×10^(4)to 2.1×10^(5)mg/*** focused on the dilatational viscoelasticity and dynamic thin-film thickness to elucidate the high-salinity-enhanced foam *** increase in dilatational viscoelasticity and supramolecular oscillating structural force(Π_(OS))with salinity dominated the superior stability of CHSB *** increasing salinity,more CHSB molecules accumulated on the surface with a lower diffusion rate,leading to high dilatational moduli and surface elasticity,thus decelerating coarsening and ***,the number density of micelles in the thin film increased with salinity,resulting in increasedΠ***,the energy barrier for stepwise thinning intensified,and the thin-film drainage *** work conduces to understand the mechanisms behind the pronounced stability of betaine foam and can promote the widespread application of foam in harsh reservoirs.

关键词： High-salinity reservoirs Betaine foam Foam stability Dilatational viscoelasticity Disjoining pressure Thin-film interferometry

Maintaining moderate levels of hypochlorous acid promotes neural stem cell proliferation and differentiation in the recovery phase of stroke

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第3期20卷 845-857页

作者： Lin-Yan Huang Yi-De Zhang Jie Chen Hai-Di Fan wan wang Bin wang Ju-Yun Ma Peng-Peng Li Hai-Wei pu Xin-Yian Guo Jian-Gang Shen Su-Hua Qi School of Medical Technology Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Laboratory DiagnosticsXuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouJiangsu ProvinceChina School of Pharmacy Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouJiangsu ProvinceChina Department of Laboratory Medicine Branch Hospital of Huai’an First People’s HospitalHuai’anJiangsu ProvinceChina Department of Laboratory Medicine the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouJiangsu ProvinceChina School of Chinese Medicine The University of Hong KongHong Kong Special Administrative RegionChina

It has been shown clinically that continuous removal of ischemia/reperfusion-induced reactive oxygen species is not conducive to the recovery of late ***,previous studies have shown that excessive increases in hypochlorous acid after stroke can cause severe damage to brain *** previous studies have found that a small amount of hypochlorous acid still exists in the later stage of stroke,but its specific role and mechanism are currently *** simulate stroke in vivo,a middle cerebral artery occlusion rat model was established,with an oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation model established in vitro to mimic *** found that in the early stage(within 24 hours)of ischemic stroke,neutrophils produced a large amount of hypochlorous acid,while in the recovery phase(10 days after stroke),microglia were activated and produced a small amount of hypochlorous ***,in acute stroke in rats,hypochlorous acid production was prevented using a hypochlorous acid scavenger,taurine,or myeloperoxidase inhibitor,4-aminobenzoic acid *** results showed that high levels of hypochlorous acid(200μM)induced neuronal apoptosis after oxygen/glucose deprivation/***,in the recovery phase of the middle cerebral artery occlusion model,a moderate level of hypochlorous acid promoted the proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells into neurons and *** suggests that hypochlorous acid plays different roles at different phases of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion *** levels of hypochlorous acid(5 and 100μM)promoted nuclear translocation ofβ-*** transfection of single-site mutation plasmids,we found that hypochlorous acid induced chlorination of theβ-catenin tyrosine 30 residue,which promoted nuclear ***,our study indicates that maintaining low levels of hypochlorous acid plays a key role in the recovery of neurological function.

关键词： cell differentiation cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury chlorination hypochlorous acid microglia neural stem cell neurogenesis nuclear translocation stroke β-catenin

Luminescence of samarium doped hydroxyapatite containing strontium:Effects of doping concentration

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Journal of Rare Earths 2022年第3期40卷 398-405,I0002页

作者： pu Chen fen wang Yinpo Qiao Zhen Zhang Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Green Preparation and Functionalization for Inorganic Materials School of Materials Science and EngineeringShaanxi University of Science and TechnologyXi'an 710021China

A series of samarium(Sm)doped hydroxyapatites containing strontium(Sr)with controllable and adjustable luminescence were designed and prepared via chemical hydrolysis co-precipitation *** effects of doping concentration of Sm on the structure,composition,photoluminescence(PL),energy transfer,substitute site,fluoresce lifetime and luminescence color of samples were *** is shown that the introduction of Sr ions induces the structure and composition change for Sm doped *** typical transitions of Sm^(3+) at 564,601,648 and 707 nm due to^(4)G_(5/2)→^(6)H_(J/2)(J=5,7,9 and 11)transition under the excitation of 404 nm were *** PL intensity is affected by the Sr/Ca ratio and Sm concentration,and the optimal concentration of Sm is 0.8 mol%when Sr/Ca ratio equals 7/*** non-radiative transitions and energy transfer of Sm ions are the main reason for the quenching,and the interactions among ions are ascribed to dipole-dipole type by theoretical ***,the ratio of PL intensity between 601 and 648 nm(r_(O/R)=I_(601nm)/I_(648nm))indicates the symmetry and substitution process of Sm ions to Ca/Sr *** fluorescence lifetime(τ)decreases with the concentration of Sm increasing,which is the result of the decrease of distance and the enhanced interaction between Sm *** CIE chromaticity coordinates and luminescence color of samples are in the orange-red region and have close relation with the concentration of ***,the cytotoxicity evaluation and confocal laser scanning microscopy(CLSM)observation of samples via cells indicate the good biocompatibility and safe use of this kind of bio-based luminescent materials for their potential efficient fluorescence labeling and detection.

关键词： Samarium Strontium Hydroxyapatite Photo-luminescence Energy transfer Cytotoxicity evaluation

Precision Motion Control of Hydraulic Actuator Using Adaptive Back-Stepping Sliding Mode Controller

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2024年第11期141卷 1047-1065页

作者： Zhenshuai wan Longwang Yue Yanfeng wang pu Zhao Henan Key Laboratory of Superhard Abrasives and Grinding Equipment Henan University of TechnologyZhengzhou450001China School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Henan University of TechnologyZhengzhou450001China

Hydraulic actuators are highly nonlinear when they are subjected to different types of model uncertainties and dynamic *** unfavorable factors adversely affect the control performance of the hydraulic *** various control methods have been employed to improve the tracking precision of the dynamic system,optimizing and adjusting control gain to mitigate the hydraulic actuator model uncertainties remains *** study presents an adaptive back-stepping sliding mode controller(ABSMC)to enhance the trajectory tracking precision,where the virtual control law is constructed to replace the position *** adaptive control theory is introduced in back-stepping controller design to compensate for the model uncertainties and time-varying *** on Lyapunov theory,the finite-time convergence of the position tracking errors is ***,the effectiveness of the developed control scheme is conducted via extensive comparative experiments.

关键词： Hydraulic actuator back-stepping control adaptive control model uncertainties

Association of choroidal thickness with early stages of diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetes

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2017年第4期10卷 613-618页

作者： Zhi-Jun Shen Xiu-fen Yang Jun Xu Chong-Yang She Wen-Wen Wei wan-Lu Zhu Ning-pu Liu Beijing Tongren Eye Center Beijing Tongren HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing Ophthalmology & Visual Science Key Lab Department of Ophthalmology the Friendship HospitalCapital Medical University

AIM：To assess the correlation between choroidal thickness（CT） and the early stages of diabetic retinopathy（DR） in type 2 diabetic ***：We divided 83 diabetic patients（51-80 years of age;50 females） into non diabetic retinopathy group（NDR） and mild/moderate nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy（NPDR） group,and compared them with 26 non-diabetic control subjects（51-78 years of age;16 females）.Subfoveal choroidal thickness（SFCT） and parafoveal choroidal thickness（PFCT） were measured using enhanced depth imaging spectral-domain optical coherence tomography（EDI-OCT）.Ocular health status,disease duration,body mass index,and hemoglobin A1c（Hb A1c） were ***：The mean ages of the NDR,NPDR,and control groups were 68.0±6.9y,67.8±6.4y,and 65.1±6.3y,respectively（P=0.17）.Pearson correlation of the right and left eyes for the control subjects was 0.95 and for the NDR subjects was *** for the right eyes of the controls was 252.77± 41.10 μm,which was significantly thicker than that of the right eyes in NDR group（221.51±46.56 μm） and the worse eyes of the NPDR group（207.18±61.87 μm;ANOVA,P〈0.01）.In the diabetic patients pooled together,age was the only variable significantly associated with SFCT（multiple linear regression analysis,P=0.01）.CONCLUSION：CT decreased significantly in the NDR and mild/moderate NPDR eyes compared with the control *** is significantly associated with SFCT in the diabetic *** choroidopathy may be present before clinical retinopathy.

关键词： choroidal thickness diabetic choroidopathy diabetic retinopathy