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Antecedent Precipitation Index to Estimate Soil Moisture and correlate as a Triggering Process in the Occurrence of Landslides

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International Journal of Geosciences 2024年第1期15卷 70-86页

作者： Marcio Augusto Ernesto De Moraes walter Manoel Mendes Filho Rodolfo Moreda Mendes cassiano Antonio Bortolozo Daniel Metodiev Marcio Roberto Magalhães De Andrade Harideva Marturano Egas Tatiana Sussel Gonçalves Mendes Luana Albertani Pampuch cEMADEN - National centre for Monitoring and Early Warnings of Natural Disasters General Coordination of Research and Development S&#227o José dos Campos Brazil Faculty of Science and Technology Goias Federal University Aparecida de Goi&#226nia Brazil Institute of Science and Technology S&#227o Paulo State University (Unesp) S&#227o José dos Campos Brazil

Landslides are highly dangerous phenomena that occur in different parts of the world and pose significant threats to human populations. Intense rainfall events are the main triggering process for landslides in urbanized slope regions, especially those considered high-risk areas. Various other factors contribute to the process;thus, it is essential to analyze the causes of such incidents in all possible ways. Soil moisture plays a critical role in the Earth’s surface-atmosphere interaction systems;hence, measurements and their estimations are crucial for understanding all processes involved in the water balance, especially those related to landslides. Soil moisture can be estimated from in-situ measurements using different sensors and techniques, satellite remote sensing, hydrological modeling, and indicators to index moisture conditions. Antecedent soil moisture can significantly impact runoff for the same rainfall event in a watershed. The Antecedent Precipitation Index (API) or “retained rainfall,” along with the antecedent moisture condition from the Natural Resources conservation Service, is generally applied to estimate runoff in watersheds where data is limited or unavailable. This work aims to explore API in estimating soil moisture and establish thresholds based on landslide occurrences. The estimated soil moisture will be compared and calibrated using measurements obtained through multisensor capacitance probes installed in a high-risk area located in the mountainous region of campos do Jordão municipality, São Paulo, Brazil. The API used in the calculation has been modified, where the recession coefficient depends on air temperature variability as well as the climatological mean temperature, which can be considered as losses in the water balance due to evapotranspiration. Once the API is calibrated, it will be used to extrapolate to the entire watershed and consequently estimate soil moisture. By utilizing recorded mass movements and comparing them with AP

关键词： Landslides Antecedent Precipitation Index Soil Moisture Threshold Water Balance

Improved State-Based Peridynamic Lattice Model Including Elasticity, Plasticity and Damage

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computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2018年第9期116卷 323-347页

作者： Siavash Nikravesh walter Gerstle Department of civil Construction and Environmental EngineeringUniversity of New MexicoAlbuquerqueNMUSA

In this study,a recently developed peridynamic lattice model called the“Statebased Peridynamic Lattice Model”(SPLM)is improved and *** the SPLM,rather than as a continuum,solids are simulated using a close-packed lattice of peridynamically interacting *** new SPLM approach advances the SPLM model by improving the damage and plasticity ***,plasticity and damage are coupled in this approach.A robust method for damage initiation is developed.A new damage model called the“two-spring damage model”allows damage to localize to a single lattice particle,thus allowing highly localized damage(cracks)to emerge in a realistic manner.A plasticity model that includes hardening,softening,and damage due to plasticity is proposed and *** boundary effects are modeled efficiently and *** improved SPLM method is then employed to simulate three common concrete laboratory tests:uniaxial tension,uniaxial compression,and the Brazilian split cylinder *** SPLM results are then compared with results from the earlier SPLM model,with simplified classical predictions,and with laboratory *** solving the same benchmark problems using various lattice rotations and lattice spacings,the approach is demonstrated to be sufficiently objective to be a useful engineering tool to predict the essentially random behavior of concrete laboratory *** improved SPLM demonstrates significant improvements over the previously published version and is found to simulate concrete structures accurately and efficiently using far less computational effort than comparable computational simulation methods.

关键词： Peridynamics SPLM lattice damage plasticity fracture concrete

Indentation Size Effect inβcuAlBe and cu-2Be Alloys

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2021年第12期34卷 1669-1678页

作者： Susana Montecinos Sebastian Tognana walter Salgueiro IFIMAT Facultad de Ciencias ExactasUniversidad Nacional del Centro de La Provincia de Buenos AiresPinto 3997000 TandilArgentina consejo Nacional de Investigaciones científicas y Técnicas cONIcET Av.Rivadavia 1917C1033AAJ Buenos AiresArgentina cIFIcEN(UNcPBA-cIcPBA-cONIcET) Pinto 3997000 TandilArgentina comisión de Investigaciones científicas de la Provincia de Bs.As Calle 526 entre 10 y 111900 La PlataArgentina

The indentation size effect(ISE)was studied by instrumented nanoindentation and Vickers hardness measurements on polycrystalline copper,βcuAlBe pseudoelastic and age-hardenable cuBe *** in the load-depth curves at different loads would suggest a change in the behavior of the materials as the load *** was estimated at different loads taking into account the pile-up in each case,which was estimated from the images of the topography obtained by atomic force microscopy(AFM).The effect of the microstructure of cu-2Be(wt%)samples on the ISE was also *** each copper alloy,the Nix and Gao model was applied to the hardness-depth curves,and significant differences were found for the parameters *** is in the constant nanohardness regime for depths below 500 nm,while microhardness exhibits the ISE *** behavior of the nanohardness and the plastic strain with the depth is almost *** presents the lowest values of plastic strains due to the pseudoelastic effect,while cu presents an almost constant value around 8%,which corresponds to the highest plastic strain obtained.

关键词： Hardness Pseudoelasticity copper alloys Plasticity Indentation size effect

Normal families and fixed points of iterates

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Science china Mathematics 2010年第3期53卷 593-596页

作者： BERGWEILER walter Mathematisches Seminar der christian–Albrechts–Universitt zu Kiel

Let F be a family of holomorphic functions and suppose that there exists ε > 0 such that if f ∈ F, then |(f 2 ) (ξ)|≤4-ε for all fixed points ξ of the second iterate f 2 . We show that then F is normal. This is deduced from a result which says that if p is a polynomial of degree at least 2, then p 2 has a fixed point ξ such that |(p 2 ) (ξ)|≥4. The results are motivated by a problem posed by Yang Lo.

关键词： fixed point multiplier normality iteration periodic point

Tiny insects against the weather flight and foraging patterns of Frankliniella schultzei (Thripidae) not altered by onset of rainfall

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Insect Science 2018年第6期25卷 1119-1127页

作者： Lachlan c.Jones Brodie J.Foster Michelle A.Rafter Gimme H.walter School of Biological Sciences The University of QueenslandSt LuciaBrisbaneQueenslandAustrafia

To survive in nature,organisms may need to take direct action to mitigate specific dangers from their environmental *** flying insects are thought to be at particular risk from rainfall that would be of negligible concern to larger *** study species Frankliniella schultzei is a thrips that inhabits flowers and feeds mostly on petal tissue and *** found to respond in the laboratory to decreases in atmospheric pressure associated with cyclonic conditions (rather than merely heavy rainfall),their responses to conditions preceding rainfall have not been tested in the *** field sampling investigated the relationship between floral development and sites at which male,female,and larval thrips were generally present on sunny *** then designed a sampling strategy to test if these thrips can anticipate imminent rainfall or storms and so seek shelter deep within flowers,by sampling host flowers (in sections)on multiple days with different weather *** traps were used to intercept thrips in flight,thus providing a measure of flight behavior across different *** initial sampling found adult thrips primarily at the petal apex of anthesis-stage flowers where pollen is distributed. We subsequently found that rainfall,atmospheric pressure change,temperature,humidity and wind had no effect on flight behavior of E schultzei,or on their positions within *** findings suggest rainfall is not a serious hazard for *** thrips can survive raindrop collisions during flight,as impacts with water droplets are not expected to break the surface tension.

关键词： barometric pressure Frankliniella schultzei Malvaviscus arboreus rainfall shelter thrips

The secrets to running economy

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2022年第3期11卷 273-274页

作者： walter Herzog Human Performance Laboratory Faculty of KinesiologyUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryAB T2N 1N4Canada

Every once in a while,a sport is revolutionized by a discovery or a new *** the mid-1980s,cross-country skiing was changed forever by the introduction of the skating *** Fosbury revolutionized high-jumping when he won the Olympic Games by crossing the bar“backwards”,and the development of the“klapp-skate”led to vast improvements of world records in speed skating.

关键词： technique. backward revolution

Auditory Dysfunction in Aging: Prospects for Stem cell Therapy

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Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology 2019年第2期10卷 13-31页

作者： Henrique F. Pauna Maria Stella A. Amaral Steven K. Juhn walter c. low Miguel A. Hyppolito Department of Ophthalmology Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery Ribeirao Preto Medical School University of Sao Paulo Ribeirao Preto Brazil Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery University of Minnesota Minneapolis USA Auditory Biochemistry Laboratory University of Minnesota Medical School Minneapolis USA Stem cell Institute University of Minnesota Minneapolis USA Department of Neurosurgery University of Minnesota Minneapolis USA

Age-related hearing loss is the most common cause of adult auditory dysfunction. It is characterized by bilateral, progressive auditory deterioration associated with the aging process. There currently are limited options for the treatment as hearing aids or cochlear implants. To establish novel strategies for the treatment of this entity, it is crucial to elucidate the mechanisms of age-related hearing loss. Its etiology is believed to be multifactorial including both intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Oxidative damage, as seen in other aging organs systems, may play an essential role in the pathogenesis of the age-related hearing loss. Studies on animal models and human temporal bones have indicated a close relationship between degeneration of the cochlear lateral wall and hearing loss. Additional therapies that may prove beneficial in the treatment of age-related hearing loss include stem cell therapy, which we intend to review in this manuscript.

关键词： Aging Presbycusis Age-Related Hearing Loss Stem cell Homeostasis

competition between Liquid-liquid De-mixing, crystallization, and Glass Transition in Solutions of PLA of Different Stereochemistry and DEET

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chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2020年第2期38卷 174-178,I0007页

作者： chanita Sungkapreecha walter WFocke Rene Androsch Interdisciplinary center for Transfer-oriented Research in Natural Sciences Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg06099 Halle/SaaleGermany University of Pretoria Institute for Sustainable Malaria control and MRc collaborating centre for Malaria Research Department of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of PretoriaPrivate Bag X20Hatfield 0028South Africa

Liquid-liquid(L-L)de-mixing and vitrification of solutions of either crystallizable poly(L-lactic acid)(PLLA)or non-crystallizable poly(D/L-lactic acid)(PDLLA)with 50 m%N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide(DEET)were analyzed by calorimetry and cloud-point measurements,which allows drawing conclusions about the effect of polymer stereochemistry on the phase *** of the PLA stereochemistry,vitrification of the solutions on fast cooling,hindering crystallization of PLLA,occurred below-20℃ and suppressed prior L-L *** experimental results prove that crystallization in samples containing crystallizable PLLA,observed at around 55℃ on slow cooling,is not preceded by L-L de-mixing.

关键词： crystallization PLA DEET Liquid-liquid phase separation Thermally-induced phase separation(TIPS)

Evaluating the Impact of the Universal Test and Treat Strategy on the Survival of Patients in the Northwest Region of cameroon

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World Journal of AIDS 2024年第3期14卷 45-60页

作者： Emmanuel Mboh Nshom Bereynuy Jude cholong Kum Kang walter Khan Eveline Mboh Keng Vitalis Noela F. Ijang Gwendoline Nkenu Nsom Mirabel Mbueh Vifeme Esther Bonje Kuni Monju Johnson Vishi Gladys Enih Fosah Pius Muffih Tih AIDS care and Prevention Program Cameroon Baptist Convention Health Services Bamenda Cameroon Regional Technical Group for the Fight against HIV and AID Northwest Region Cameroon

Introduction: The main outcome of efficiently implemented universal test and treat (UTT) program is improved survival. UTT implementation has been ongoing in cameroon since 2016 but evaluation data are scarce. This study aims to assess the survival of antiretroviral therapy (ART) patients initiated under UTT in Northwest region of cameroon. Methods: This retrospective cohort study included HIV-positive patients initiated in 2016 at 27 purposefully selected sites and followed until 2021. Data was anonymously abstracted from ART registers and patients’ charts. Kaplan-Meier survival estimates and cox model were used to compare the survival of patients initiated under UTT with those initiated otherwise, using stata version 14.0. Results: In total, 2490 HIV-positive patients (median age 42.7 years, 94.7% adults, and 69.0% female) participated in the study. Of 1389 patients with viral load (VL) test results, 55% were initiated on ART late. The VL suppression rate of patients initiated late and those initiated early were similar. During follow-up, 1020 (40.9%) participants censored. The survival curves of patients initiated early on ART and those initiated late were similar during the first 2.5 years of follow-up but significantly (p conclusions: This study confirms the expected impact of UTT. Programs only need to close existing implementation gaps along the critical pathways (diagnosis and treatment) of UTT, focusing more on males.

关键词： Universal Test and Treat Viral Load Survival Northwest cameroon