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Occurrence of organochlorine pollutants in the eggs and dropping-amended soil of Antarctic large animals and its ecological significance

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Science China Earth Sciences 2007年第7期50卷 1086-1096页

作者： vetter walter Friedrich-Schiller-Universitt Jena Lehrbereich LebensmittelchemieDornburger Str. 25D-07743 JenaGermany

Persistent organochlorine pollutants (POPs) are analyzed for the dropping-amended soils from the habitats of Antarctic seabirds and seals in Fildes Peninsula and Ardley Island. The concentration ranges are 0.21 to 3.85 ng/g for polychlorinated biphenyls (ΣPCBs),0.09 to 2.01 ng/g for organochlorine pesticides (ΣDDT),and 0.06 to 0.76 ng/g for hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs). Among these,hepata-chlorobiphenyls,hexachlorobiphenyls,p,p′-DDE and α-HCH compounds are dominant. The concentra-tion ranges of ΣPCB,DDT and HCH in the eggs of skuas were 91.9―515.5 ng/g,56.6―304.4 ng/g and 0.5―2.0 ng/g respectively; those in the eggs of penguins were 0.4―0.9 ng/g,2.4―10.3 ng/g and 0.1― 0.4 ng/g; and those in the eggs of giant petrel were 38.1―81.7 ng/g,12.7―53.7 ng/g and 0.5―1.5 ng/g respectively. The dominant POP compounds in the eggs are PCB180,PCB153,p,p′-DDE and hexa-chlorobenzene (HCB). The present study shows that the concentration of POPs in the sea-bird-inhabited-dropping-amended soil varies with the extent of predation and nest occupancy of dif-ferent seabird populations. Statistical analysis on the POP concentrations from the different seabird eggs implies that the difference in the bio-concentration levels of the birds depends on the bio-habits of the species,such as the range of activity,distance of immigration,feeding pattern,and nest occupation. Among these,the most important factor is the location of the seabirds in the food chain and their feeding pattern. This shows that POPs accumulated in the seabirds resulted from the bio-concentration through the food chain. In addtion,210Pb dating for the dropping-amended soils (AD1-a and AD2) was performed,which provided the POP accumulation rate and the historic record for the soil profile. It indicates that POP will continuously affect the Antarctic ecosystem for a long time.

关键词： persistent organochlorine pollutant animal habitats dropping-amended soil seabird egg Antarctica

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Phytoplankton and chlorophyll a relationships with ENSO in Prydz Bay, East Antarctica

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Science China Earth Sciences 2014年第12期57卷 3073-3083页

作者： ZHANG HaiSheng HAN ZhengBing ZHAO Jun YU PeiSong HU ChuanYu SUN WeiPing Yang Dan ZHU GenHai LU Bing Hans-UIrich PETER walter vetter The Second Institute of Oceanography State Oceanic Administration Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem and Biogeochemistry State Oceanic Administration Institute of Ecology Friedrich Schiller University

The historical data of phytoplankton and chlorophyll a(Chl a)(1990–2002)obtained during the Chinese National Antarctic Research Expedition(CHINARE)in the Prydz Bay have been *** results showed that the temperature,salinity,nutrients,and oxygen of seawater changed when El Nino/La Nina *** variation of biological communities reflected the response of ecosystem to environmental *** El Ni?o period,Chl a concentration and phytoplankton community structure changed significantly,and the relative proportion of diatoms increased while dinoflagellates *** La Ni?a period,the proportion of diatoms decreased,but the golden-brown algae and blue-green algae increased *** variation of phytoplankton population directly affected the biodiversity of the bay,which were also quite sensitive to the marine environment ***,the satellite remote sensing data of 2002–2011(December–March)have been used to study the temporal connection change of Chl a and phytoplankton in the Prydz *** found that there were significant differences in the monthly variation characteristics of satellite remote sensing Chl a and sea surface temperature(SST),which had some links with sea ice melting and El Ni?o/La Ni?a *** found that the start time of bloom advanced,lagged or synchronized with the changes of the SST,and we also found the occurrence time of phytoplankton bloom corresponded with the sea ice melting inner *** some extent,this study will help us understand the relationships between ENSO events and the phytoplankton bloom in the Southern Ocean.

关键词： Prydz Bay Antarctica phytoplankton chlorophyll a sea ice melting El Nino/La Nina satellite remote sensing

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南极食物链顶端海鸟卵中PCBs和OCPs积累水平及其全球意义

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生态学报 2005年第9期25卷 2440-2445页

作者：卢冰王自磐朱纯武光海 walter vetter 国家海洋局海底科学重点实验室德国耶纳大学生物化学与制药学院耶纳25d07743

采用气相色谱-电子捕获检测器(GC-ECD)内标法定量测定了南极乔治王岛世袭栖息地海鸟(棕贼鸥、灰贼鸥、巨海燕、白眉企鹅)卵样中持久性有机氯污染物多氯联苯(PCBs)和有机氯农药(OCPs)残留量,研究探讨南极海洋食物链顶级生物体有机毒物积... 详细信息

采用气相色谱-电子捕获检测器(GC-ECD)内标法定量测定了南极乔治王岛世袭栖息地海鸟(棕贼鸥、灰贼鸥、巨海燕、白眉企鹅)卵样中持久性有机氯污染物多氯联苯(PCBs)和有机氯农药(OCPs)残留量,研究探讨南极海洋食物链顶级生物体有机毒物积累水平探讨其环境意义.结果显示,卵样中有机毒物积累水平依次为:多氯联苯＞滴滴涕＞氯代苯＞六六六.贼鸥卵样多氯联苯含量范围在91.9～515.5ng/g,滴滴涕56.6～304.4ng/g,氯代苯6.5～70.5ng/g,六六六＜0.5～2.0ng/g;企鹅卵样多氯联苯含量范围在0.4～0.9ng/g,滴滴涕2.4～10.3ng/g,氯代苯6.0～10.2ng/g,六六六0.1～0.4ng/g;巨海燕卵样多氯联苯含量范围在38.1～81.7ng/g,滴滴涕12.7～53.7ng/g,氯代苯4.2～8.8ng/g,六六六0.5～1.5ng/g.研究结果还显示,不同种类海鸟卵样检出多氯联苯和有机氯农药均以七氯、六氯联苯、滴滴涕同系物(P,P'-DDE)和氯代苯化合物为主体.贼鸥、巨海燕卵样检出9种多氯联苯同系物(大小依次为PCB-180＞PCB-153＞PCB-194＞PCB-138＞PCB-118＞PCB-170＞PCB-101＞PCB-163＞PCB-149).贼鸥卵样七氯、六氯取代物的多氯联苯同系物含量在17.5～205.5ng/g占其总多氯联苯的62%;巨海燕卵样在14.5～30.5ng/g,占其总多氯联苯的69%;企鹅卵样检出5种多氯联苯同系物相对积蓄较低,其卵样之间变化相对稳定.对不同种类海鸟卵样的有机污染物数据进行统计分析,结果显示不同鸟种有机毒物积累水平的差异取决于不同鸟种的生态习性,如活动范围、迁徒距离、觅食习性以及巢址选择等,最主要是海鸟在海洋生态食物链中的位置,其食谱的宽窄,同时表明海鸟体内PCBs和OCPs积累通过食物链逐级加强的结果.有机毒物最高积累水平出现在棕贼鸥卵样中,灰贼鸥和巨海燕次之,企鹅最低.因为贼鸥不仅食性杂食谱宽,而且贼鸥与企鹅及其他小型海鸟之间存在着一定的捕食与被捕食的关系.南极海鸟卵样多氯联苯和有机氯农药的检出,是全球性有机氯污染又一新的重要证据.南极海鸟卵样中有机毒物的检出,揭示了人造有机污染物在南极鸟类代间转移的存在,它们在南大洋生态系统中的消除将会需要较长的时间过程,表明人类活动对南极生物圈与南极海洋环境的持久影响,南极是全球唯一无污染地区的价值正在丧失.

关键词：南极海鸟多氯联苯有机氯农药积累水平

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Biomarker records in penguin droppings and observed changes in penguin communities and their response to the ENSO in the Western Antarctic

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Science China Earth Sciences 2012年第2期55卷 1238-1247页

作者： ZHANG HaiSheng LU DouDing YU PeiSong ZHANG WeiGuo LU Bing Hans-Ulrich PETER walter vetter Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem and Biogeochemistry Second Institute of OceanographyState Oceanic AdministrationHangzhou 310012China State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research East China Normal UniversityShanghai 201100China Institute of Ecology Friedrich Schiller UniversityJena D-07743Germany

Lipid biomarkers in AD2 penguin droppings-amend soil core from the Ardley Island,Western Antarctic,were dated using *** in the fatty acid ratios of nC18:2/nC18:0 from the penguin droppings reflect climate changes coincident with ENNO events during *** occurrence of the minimum values in the depth of 2-3 and 6-7 cm are consistent with the end of ENSO in 1958 and 1983,respectively,reflecting a lag of the biomarker records in AD2 penguin droppings-amend soil in climatic *** study also reveals that the changes in the relative concentration of n-alkanes nC23,the ratios of nC23/nC17 and nC21 /nC22+,and carbon preferential index(CPI) values collectively indicate the variations of soil microor-ganism and lower plant,which are closely related to climate *** ratios of bacterial fatty acids iC15:0/aC15:0 reflect the increasing significance of microorganism activities during the two periods that occurred at the end years of *** in CPIA value and increase in nC21 /nC22+ indicate that low molecular weight fatty acids are derived from microorganism;and their insignificant correlation with Pr/Ph suggests microorganisms play an important role in the relatively simply ecosystem in the Antarctic and are closely linked to climatic *** addition,the observed penguin community indicates the popula-tion of penguin can largely reflect the impacts of global climate changes on the ecosystem.

关键词： Western Antarctic penguin droppings ^210pb biomarker penguin population climate change

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北极海洋沉积物中持久性有机污染物分布特征及分子地层学记录的研究

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海洋学报 2005年第4期27卷 167-173页

作者：卢冰陈荣华王自磐朱纯 walter vetter 国家海洋局海底科学重点实验室浙江杭州31002 德国耶纳大学耶纳2507743

1 引言持久性有机污染物(POPs)普遍存在于各种环境介质中,其中有机氯农药(OCPs)和多氯联苯(PCBs)化学性质稳定,在环境中能持久残留.它们经食物链浓缩并在生物体内累积,大多数具有致癌、致畸、致突变效应,构成对人类和生态系统的潜在危害... 详细信息

1 引言持久性有机污染物(POPs)普遍存在于各种环境介质中,其中有机氯农药(OCPs)和多氯联苯(PCBs)化学性质稳定,在环境中能持久残留.它们经食物链浓缩并在生物体内累积,大多数具有致癌、致畸、致突变效应,构成对人类和生态系统的潜在危害,成为世界公认的全球性环境公害.

关键词：北极有机氯农药污染物沉积地层记录

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南极大型动物粪土层和蛋卵中有机氯污染物分布特征及生态学意义

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中国科学（D辑） 2006年第12期36卷 1111-1121页

作者：张海生王自磐卢冰朱纯武光海 walter vetter 国家海洋局海底资源重点实验室国家海洋局第二海洋研究所杭州310012 宁波市微生物和环境工程重点实验室宁波315100 Friedrich-Schiller Universitt Jena Institut Für Ernhrung und Umweltjenagermany07743

新近从南极菲尔德斯半岛和阿德雷岛的海鸟和海豹栖息地粪土层中检出持久性有机氯污染物(POPs)总含量范围：多氯联苯(PCBs)为0．21～3.85ng/g；有机氯农药滴滴涕(∑DDT)为0．09～2．01ng／g；六六六(∑HCH)为0．06～0．76ng/g,并以七氯... 详细信息

新近从南极菲尔德斯半岛和阿德雷岛的海鸟和海豹栖息地粪土层中检出持久性有机氯污染物(POPs)总含量范围：多氯联苯(PCBs)为0．21～3.85ng/g；有机氯农药滴滴涕(∑DDT)为0．09～2．01ng／g；六六六(∑HCH)为0．06～0．76ng/g,并以七氯、六氯联苯、P,P-DDE和α-HCH化合物为主体；在贼鸥和巨海燕、企鹅蛋卵中检出POPs含量各为12．5～294．2和2．0～10．2ng/g(湿重)；积蓄形式以PCB180,PCB153,P,P’-DDE和HCB和P,P’-DDE为主．研究表明,栖息地粪土层POPs含量变化与海鸟不同种群食性以及营巢占域的不同而相异；对不同种类海鸟卵样的POPs数据进行统计分析,结果显示不同鸟种POPs积累水平的差异取决于不同鸟种的生态习性,如活动范围、迁徒距离、觅食习性以及巢址选择等,最重要是海鸟生态食物链中的位置,其食谱的宽窄,同样表明海鸟体内POPs积累通过食物链逐渐加强的结果．其次还对阿德雷岛地区AD1,AD2短柱粪土地层进行210Pb测年,并进行POPs积累率及分子地层学记录的初步研究．

关键词：持久性有机氯污染物动物栖息地粪土层海鸟卵南极

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The Paris 2024 Olympic and Paralympic Games

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第6期13卷 717-718页

作者： walter Herzog Human Performance Laboratory Faculty of KinesiologyUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryAB T2N 1N4Canada

The first modern Olympic Games took place in Athens in *** in those early days of the Olympics only amateur and gentleman athletes were allowed to participate,today Olympic athletes are highly trained professionals often dedicating decades of preparation for the chance to compete in the Olympic *** sharp contrast to these highly trained athletes,the world’s population becomes less physically active on average,resulting in an obesity epidemic with associated metabolic syndrome and increased mortality through non-communicable diseases(e.g.,Collins et al.^(1)).

关键词： Olympic allowed sharp

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Interannual Variations of Phytoplankton, Zooplankton and Chlorophyll a in the Arctic Seas and Their Relations to ENSO and AO

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Meteorological and Environmental Research 2017年第2期8卷 37-48,53页

作者： Zhang Haisheng Chen Jianfang Han Zhengbing Ji Zhongqiang Xu Xudan Han Xibing Liu Zilin Peter, H.-U vetter walter Second Institute of Oceanography State Oceanic AdministrationHangzhou 310012China Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem and Biogeochemistry State Oceanic AdministrationHangzhou 310012China Polar&Ecology Group Institute of EcologyUniversity of JenaDornburger Str.159DE-07743 JenaGermany

To study effects of variations in climate-marine environment in the Arctic Ocean on ecology,based on the actual and reestablished data by biomarkers of algae in sediment in 1997,1999,2003,2008,and 2010,the interannual and spatial variations of phytoplankton,zooplankton and chlorophyll a concentration in the Chukchi Sea and the Bering Sea as well as their relations to El Nino-Southern Oscillation( ENSO) and Arctic Oscillation( AO) were analyzed. The results show that there were spatial and temporal anomalies in the phytoplankton community structure reestablished by biomarkers of algae in the Chukchi Sea and the Bering Sea in 1999 and 2010. The total content of biomarkers( brassicasterol,dinosterol,C37 alkenones and chlesterol) in sediment collected in 2010 was far lower than that in 1999,but brassicasterol was dominant in the two years,that is,diatom was dominant,which was consistent with the actual structure and distribution of phytoplankton community in 1999 and 2010; there were great changes in the dominant species of plankton in the two seas in 1999 and 2010,which could be regarded as the ecological response of the North Pole under the background of global warming. Chlorophyll a concentration in the water of the Bering Sea was 0. 720 μg/dm^3 at 0 m and 0. 765μg/dm^3 at 10 m in 1997 and 0. 723 μg/dm^3 at 0 m and 0. 731 μg/dm^3 at 10 m in 2003,and the concentration was very close to each other,which was affected by El Ni1 o and the negative phase of AO. It was 0. 395 μg/dm^3 at 0 m in 1999 and 0. 399 μg/dm^3 at 0 m and 0. 357 μg/dm^3 at 10 m in 2008,which was influenced by La Ni1 a and the positive phase of AO. The phases and intensity of AO and ENSO had various effects on the quantity and dominant species of phytoplankton and zooplankton in the Chukchi Sea and the Bering Sea. During the period of AO with positive or negative phase and El Ni1o( in 1997 and 2003),their combination was favorable to the growth of phytoplankton and zooplankton,while the combination of

关键词： The North Pole Sea area Phytoplankton Zooplankton Chlorophyll a ENSO AO

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东南极普里兹湾浮游植物群落和叶绿素α变化与ENSO的联系及其预测意义

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中国科学：地球科学 2014年第8期44卷 1701-1712页

作者：张海生韩正兵赵军于培松扈传昱孙维萍杨丹朱根海卢冰 Hans-Ulrich PETER walter vetter 国家海洋局第二海洋研究所杭州310012 国家海洋局海洋生态系统与生物地球化学重点实验室杭州310012 Institute of Ecology Friedrich Schiller University

对中国南极科学考察现场（普里兹湾）实测浮游植物和叶绿素α历史数据（1990~2002年）进行整合研究,显示在厄尔尼诺/拉尼娜期间,普里兹湾海水温度、盐度、营养盐和含氧量等发生了很大变化,生态系统对于环境变化的反应已通过组成生态系... 详细信息

对中国南极科学考察现场（普里兹湾）实测浮游植物和叶绿素α历史数据（1990~2002年）进行整合研究,显示在厄尔尼诺/拉尼娜期间,普里兹湾海水温度、盐度、营养盐和含氧量等发生了很大变化,生态系统对于环境变化的反应已通过组成生态系统的生物群落变动反映出来,在厄尔尼诺期间明显改变了叶绿素α浓度和浮游植物群落结构比例,硅藻相对比例增高,甲藻降低;在拉尼娜期间硅藻比例有降低趋势、金藻和蓝藻类呈显著增加,海湾种群变动又直接影响群落的生物多样性,同时表现出极地海洋生态对海洋环境变化的敏感性.同时利用卫星遥感数据2002~2011年（12月至3月）时段进行联合研究,对普里兹湾卫星遥感叶绿素α与海表温度的月际变化特征研究,发现普里兹湾叶绿素α月际变化和浮游植物的旺发开始、结束时间存在明显差异,并对应着海冰消融、厄尔尼诺/拉尼娜事件和正常年份.研究发现南极海域叶绿素α表征的浮游植物旺发开始时间提前于海表温度的变化,或浮游植物的旺发结束时间滞后于海表温度的变化,或浮游植物的旺发开始、结束时间与海冰消融、海表温度的变化相一致.研究还发现,在湾内陆架区浮游植物的旺发开始时间与封冰消融（水域面积大小）相对应,这在一定程度上对ENSO的发生具有预报意义.

关键词：南极普里兹湾浮游植物叶绿素α 海冰消融厄尔尼诺拉尼娜卫星遥感数据

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Intraocular pressure before and after capsulorhexis using two viscoelastic substances and two surgical approaches in enucleated porcine eyes

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2024年第6期17卷 1156-1160页

作者： Chiraz Ben Abdallah walter Sekundo Markus SLadewig Daniel M.Handzel Augenzentrum Osthessen Fulda 36037Germany University Eye Hospital Philipps-University Marburg 35043Germany University Eye Hospital Philipps-University Campus FuldaFulda 36043Germany

AIM:To investigate the influence of ophthalmic viscoelastic devices(OVDs)and different surgical approaches on the intraocular pressure(IOP)before and after creation of the curvilinear circular capsulorhexis(CCC)as a measure for anterior chamber stability during this ***:Prospective experimental WetLab study carried out on enucleated porcine *** was measured before and after CCC with the iCare Rebound tonometer(iCare ic200;iCare Finland Oy,Vantaa,Finland).The OVDs used were a cohesive one[Z-Hyalin,Carl Zeiss Meditec AG,Germany;hyaluronic acid(HA)]and a dispersive[Z-Celcoat,Carl Zeiss Meditec AG,Germany;hydroxy propylmethylcellulosis(HPMC)].The CCC was created using Utrata forceps or 23 g microforceps in different combinations with the ***:Using the Utrata forceps the IOP dropped from 63.65±6.44 to 11.25±3.63 mm Hg during the *** use of different OVDs made no *** the 23 g microforceps the IOP dropped from 65.35±8.15 to 36.55±6.09 mm *** difference between IOP drop using either Utrata forceps or 23 g microforceps was highly significant regardless of the OVD ***:Using the sideport for the creation of the capsulorhexis leads to a lesser drop in IOP during this maneuver compared to the main incision in enucleated porcine *** use of different OVD has no significant influence on IOP drop.

关键词： cataract surgery ophthalmosurgical viscoelastic device intraocular pressure capsulorhexis enucleated porcine eye

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