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Plant community on a volcano mountaintop reveals unique high-altitude vegetation in southeastern Brazil

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Journal of Mountain Science 2024年第9期21卷 3018-3030页

作者： Igor Musauer KESSOUS Ruy JoséValka ALVES Nílber Gonçalves da SILVA Amilcar walter SAPORETTI JUNIOR Biodiversity Laboratory Federal Institute of EducationScience and Technology of Southern Minas Gerais(IFSULDEMINAS)Av.Dirce Pereira Rosa300-Jardim Esperança37713-100Poços de CaldasMGBrazil Department of Botany National MuseumFederal University of Rio de JaneiroQuinta da Boa Vista s.n.São Cristóvão20949-040Rio de JaneiroRJBrazil Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre Carl Skottsbergs Gata 22BSE 41319GothenburgSweden

Mountains exhibit a high degree of endemism and diversity,however,quantifying their biodiversity can be *** to islands,species isolation in mountainous regions results in comparable patterns of evolution and extinction,rendering their biodiversity unique and highly susceptible to anthropogenic *** topographic relief in mountains plays a crucial role in creating habitat complexity,which in turn contribute to high plant ***,we investigated plant diversity in the volcano mountaintop vegetation on the Poços de Caldas Plateau,a region situated in the ecotone between the Atlantic Forest and Cerrado,characterized by natural radiation and significant anthropogenic *** employed an automated approach through the filtering of georeferenced and non-georeferenced data to obtain a list of plant species in the ***,we statistically investigated the similarity among different high-altitude vegetations belonging to the campos de altitude from the Atlantic Forest and campos rupestres from the *** plateau exhibits high plant diversity,including 1,659 specific and infraspecific taxa,especially belonging to Asteraceae and *** analyses suggest that geographical distance is a strong predictor of dissimilarity and that the Poços de Caldas Plateau is more floristically related to the campos rupestres,despite being associated with campos de *** region possesses a unique set of biodiversity,indicating that it may be a distinct ***,we hypothesize that Pleistocene events likely influenced the conformation of the current floristic composition in the region through species interchange between the Cerrado and Atlantic *** study also highlights the few taxa assessed for conservation status and anthropogenic threats that this habitat is facing.

关键词： Atlantic Forest Biogeography Cerrado Community ecology Grassland

A phase I radiation dose escalation of stereotactic body radiotherapy for malignant lung tumors

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Journal of Biomedical Science and Engineering 2010年第4期3卷 351-358页

作者： Randi J. Cohen Navesh K. Sharma Jian Q. (Michael) Yu Lu Wang Mark K. Buyyounouski Michael Unger Hossein Borghaei Earl King walter scott Elaine Callahan Benjamin J. Movsas Steven J. Feigenberg 不详

Objectives: This Phase I study determines the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) for lung tumors. Methods: Eli- gible patients had biopsy proven cancer with a maxi- mum tumor size ≤ 5 cm. Total doses were escalated from 40 to 48, then to 56 Gy, delivered in 4 equal fractions administered 2 to 3 times per week on an IRB approved protocol. SBRT was administered us- ing 5 to 9 fixed beam arrangements with CT loca- lization. Internal target volumes (ITV) were based on breath hold scans or 4D CT simulation. The planning target volume (PTV) was defined as the ITV with a uniform 5 mm expansion. Dose limiting toxicity (DLT) was defined as any grade 3 or higher toxicity using the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) common toxicity criteria (CTC). Results: Between April 2004 and February 2008, 18 patients received the prescribed treatment (40 Gy n = 6, 48 Gy n = 7, 56 Gy n = 5). Seventeen of 18 patients had non-small cell lung cancer (1 with rectal cancer), four of whom were treated for an oligometastasis. The median age of the patients was 68, while the median Karnofsky performance status was 90. The mean tumor size was 2.6 cm (range 0.9 to 4.5 cm). One grade 3 pulmonary event occurred (at 48 Gy dose level) immediately following treatment with the onset of fever and shortness of breath that responded to antibiotics. No other DLTs occurred. Conclusions: SBRT utilizing patient specific target volumes without gating appears safe. The maximum tolerated dose was not reached.

关键词： Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy Phase I Dose Escalation Prospective Lung Cancer

Between Quantum Mechanics and General Relativity

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Journal of Modern Physics 2024年第8期15卷 1199-1228页

作者： walter James Christensen Jr. Department of Physics and Astronomy Cal Poly Pomona University Pomona USA

The origin of elementary particle mass is considered as a function of n-valued graviton quanta. To develop this concept we begin in a cold region of “empty space” comprised of only microscopic gravitons oscillating at angular frequency ω. From opposite directions enters a pair of stray protons. Upon colliding, heat and energy are released. Customarily, this phase and what follows afterward would be described by Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD). Instead, we argue for an intermediary step. One in which neighboring gravitons absorb discrete amounts of plane-wave energy. Captured by the graviton, the planewave becomes a standing wave, whereupon its electromagnetic energy densities are converted into gravitational quanta. Immediately thereafter an elementary particle is formed and emitted, having both mass and spin. From absorption to conversion to emission occurs in less than 3.7 × 10−16 s. During this basic unit of hybrid time, general relativity and quantum physics unite into a common set of physical laws. As additional stray protons collide the process continues. Over eons, vast regions of spacetime become populated with low-mass particles. These we recognize to be dark matter by its effects on large scale structures in the universe. Its counterpart, dark energy, arises when the conversion of gravitational quanta to particle emission is interrupted. This causes the gravitational quanta to be ejected. It is recognized by its large scale effects on the universe.

关键词： Dark Matter and Energy Gravitational Quanta Graviton Standing Wave Schwarzschild Metric General Relativity Quantum Physics Unified Field Theory Blackholes

Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors protect tissues via cellular and mitochondrial pathways:Experimental and clinical evidence

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World Journal of Experimental Medicine 2024年第2期14卷 46-52页

作者： Raúl Lelio Sanz Sebastián García Menéndez Felipe Inserra Leon Ferder walter Manucha Department of Pathology Facultad de Ciencias MédicasUniversidad Nacional de CuyoMendoza 5500Argentina Department of Pharmacology Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de CuyoCentro Científico TecnológicoMendoza 5500Argentina Department of Nephrology Universidad de MaimónidesCiudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1405Argentina Department of Cardiology Universidad de MaimónidesCiudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1405Argentina

Mitochondrial dysfunction is a key driver of cardiovascular disease(CVD)in metabolic syndrome and *** dysfunction promotes the production of reactive oxygen species(ROS),which cause oxidative stress and *** II,the main mediator of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system,also contributes to CVD by promoting ROS *** activity of sirtuins(SIRTs),a family of proteins that regulate cellular metabolism,also worsens oxidative *** of energy production by mitochondria is a common feature of all metabolic *** SIRT levels and 5’adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase signaling stimulate hypoxia-inducible factor 1 beta,which promotes ***,in turn,increases autophagy and mitophagy,processes that clear cells of debris and protect against *** cotransporter-2 inhibitors(SGLT2i),a class of drugs used to treat type 2 diabetes,have a beneficial effect on these *** clinical trials have shown that SGLT2i improves cardiac function and reduces the rate of cardiovascular and renal ***2i also increase mitochondrial efficiency,reduce oxidative stress and inflammation,and strengthen *** findings suggest that SGLT2i hold great potential for the treatment of ***,they are proposed as anti-aging drugs;however,rigorous research is needed to validate these preliminary findings.

关键词： Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors Cardiovascular diseases Sirtuins Oxidative stress Inflammation Mitochondrial dysfunction

Understanding of the Relationship between the Properties of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Solar Cells and the Structure of Ag Network Electrodes

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ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL MATERIALS 2024年第6期7卷 246-253页

作者： Yoo, Hyesun Quy, Hoang Van Lee, Inpyo Jo, Seung Taek Hong, Tae Ei Kim, Junho Yoo, Dae-Hwang Shin, Jinwook Commerell, walter Kim, Dae-Hwan Roh, Jong Wook Kyungpook Natl Univ Reg Leading Res Ctr RLRC Smart Energy Syst Daegu 37224 Gyeongsangbug D South Korea Kyungpook Natl Univ Dept Hydrogen & Renewable Energy Daegu 47922 South Korea Kyungpook Natl Univ Dept Nano & Adv Mat Sci & Engn Daegu 37224 Gyeongsangbug D South Korea Daegu Gyeongbuk Inst Sci & Technol DGIST Div Energy Technol Daegu 42988 South Korea Incheon Natl Univ Dept Phys Nano Photoelect Device Lab Incheon 22012 South Korea TH Ulm THU Prittwitzstr 10 D-89081 Ulm Germany

The relation between the structure of the silver network electrodes and the properties of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) solar cells is systemically investigated. The Ag network electrode is deposited onto an Al:ZnO (AZO) thin film, employing a self-forming cracked template. Precise control over the cracked template's structure is achieved through careful adjustment of temperature and humidity. The Ag network electrodes with different coverage areas and network densities are systemically applied to the CIGS solar cells. It is revealed that predominant fill factor (FF) is influenced by the figure of merit of transparent conducting electrodes, rather than sheet resistance, particularly when the coverage area falls within the range of 1.3-5%. Furthermore, a higher network density corresponds to an enhanced FF when the coverage areas of the Ag networks are similar. When utilizing a thinner AZO film, CIGS solar cells with a surface area of 1.0609 cm2 exhibit a notable performance improvement, with efficiency increasing from 10.48% to 11.63%. This enhancement is primarily attributed to the increase in FF from 45% to 65%. These findings underscore the considerable potential for reducing the thickness of the transparent conductive oxide (TCO) in CIGS modules with implications for practical applications in photovoltaic technology.

关键词： CIGS large-area solar cell metal mesh metallic network transparent electrode

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青春的骄傲(英文)

海外英语 2008年第11期 1-页

作者： walter scott

　　Proud Maisie is in the wood,　　Walking so early;　　Sweet Robin sits on the bush,　　Singing so rarely.……

关键词： headed grave Sweet stead Robin

Evaluating Methods of Visual Assistance for Workers to Improve Quality and Usability in Individualized Kitchen Cabinet Assembly

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Journal of Computer and Communications 2024年第2期12卷 156-172页

作者： Albert Eff Michael S. J. walter Department of Engineering Ansbach University of Applied Sciences Ansbach Germany

In times of digitalisation, visual assistance systems in assembly are increasingly important. The design of these assembly systems needs to be highly complex to meet the requirements. Due to the increasing number of variants in production processes, as well as shorter innovation and product life cycles, assistance systems should improve quality and reduce complexity of assembly processes. However, many large kitchen manufacturers still assemble kitchen cabinets manually, due to the high variety of components, such as rails and fittings. This paper focuses on the analysis and evaluation of virtual assistance systems to improve quality and usability in individualised kitchen cabinet assembly processes at a large German manufacturer. A solution is identified and detailed.

关键词： Digitalisation Assembly Process Visual Assistance Usability Human-Centred Assembly Design

The processed C-terminus of AvrRps4 effector suppresses plant immunity via targeting multiple WRKYs

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2024年第8期66卷 1769-1787页

作者： Quang-Minh Nguyen Arya Bagus Boedi Iswanto Hobin Kang Jiyun Moon Kieu Anh Thi Phan Geon Hui Son Mi Chung Suh Eui-Hwan Chung walter Gassmann Sang Hee Kim Division of Applied Life Science(BK21 Four Program) Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research CenterGyeongsang National UniversityJinju 52828Korea Department of Life Science Sogang UniversitySeoul 04107Korea Department of Plant Biotechnology Korea UniversitySeoul 02841Korea Division of Plant Science and Technology Christopher S.Bond Life Sciences Center and Interdisciplinary Plant GroupUniversity of MissouriColumbiaMissouri 65211USA Division of Life Science and Research Institute of Molecular Alchemy Gyeongsang National UniversityJinju 52828Korea

Pathogens generate and secrete effector proteins to the host plant cells during pathogenesis to promote virulence and *** the plant carries resistance(R)proteins that recognize pathogen effectors,effector-triggered immunity(ETI)is activated,resulting in a robust immune response and hypersensitive response(HR).The bipartite effector AvrRps4 from Pseudomonas syringae *** has been well studied in terms of avirulence *** planta,AvrRps4 is processed into two *** Cterminal fragment of AvrRps4(AvrRps4^(C))induces HR in turnip and is recognized by the paired resistance proteins AtRRS1/AtRPS4 in ***,we show that AvrRps4^(C)targets a group of Arabidopsis WRKY,including WRKY46,WRKY53,WRKY54,and WRKY70,to induce its virulence ***,AvrRps4^(C)suppresses the general binding and transcriptional activities of immune-positive regulator WRKY54 and WRKY54-mediated ***4^(C)interferes with WRKY54's binding activity to target gene SARD1 in vitro,suggesting WRKY54 is sequestered from the SARD1 promoter by AvrRps4^(C).Through the interaction of Avr Rps4^(C)with four WRKYs,AvrRps4 enhances the formation of homo-/heterotypic complexes of four WRKYs and sequesters them in the cytoplasm,thus inhibiting their function in plant ***,our results provide a detailed virulence mechanism of AvrRps4 through its C-terminus.

关键词： AvrRps4 bacterial effector effector-triggered immunity immune response suppression transcription factor WRKY

Enhancing the stability of Ni Fe-layered double hydroxide nanosheet array for alkaline seawater oxidation by Ce doping

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第4期91卷 306-312页

作者： Yongchao Yao Shengjun Sun Hui Zhang Zixiao Li Chaoxin Yang Zhengwei Cai Xun He Kai Dong Yonglan Luo Yan Wang Yuchun Ren Qian Liu Dongdong Zheng Weihua Zhuang Bo Tang Xuping Sun Wenchuang(walter)Hu Department of Laboratory Medicine West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengdu 610041SichuanChina College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Materials ScienceShandong Normal UniversityJinan 250014ShandongChina Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu 610054SichuanChina Institute for Advanced Study Chengdu UniversityChengdu 610106SichuanChina Laoshan Laboratory Qingdao 266237ShandongChina

Electrocatalytic hydrogen production from seawater holds enormous promise for clean energy ***,the direct electrolysis of seawater encounters significant challenges due to poor anodic stability caused by detrimental chlorine ***,we present our recent discovery that the incorporation of Ce into Ni Fe layered double hydroxide nanosheet array on Ni foam(Ce-Ni Fe LDH/NF)emerges as a robust electrocatalyst for seawater *** the seawater oxidation process,CeO_(2)is generated,effectively repelling Cl^(-)and inhibiting the formation of Cl O-,resulting in a notable enhancement in the oxidation activity and stability of alkaline *** prepared Ce-Ni Fe LDH/NF requires only overpotential of 390 m V to achieve the current density of 1 A cm^(-2),while maintaining long-term stability for 500 h,outperforming the performance of Ni Fe LDH/NF(430 m V,150 h)by a significant *** study highlights the effectiveness of a Ce-doping strategy in augmenting the activity and stability of materials based on Ni Fe LDH in seawater electrolysis for oxygen evolution.

关键词： Ce doping NiFe layered double hydroxide Seawater oxidation Electrocatalysis Cl^(-) repulsion