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Artificial nesting habitats as a conservation strategy for turtle populations experiencing global change

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Integrative Zoology 2013年第2期8卷 209-221页

作者： John p.WNEK walter F.BIEN Harold W.AVerY Department of Biology Drexel UniversityPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA

Diamondback terrapins(Malaclemys terrapin)inhabit estuaries in eastern USA and may tolerate salinity of seawater for short *** North American estuaries are adversely affected by anthropogenic impacts,such as pollution,dredging and invasion by non-native *** nesting areas have been altered or destroyed,causing terrapins to nest on roadsides and artificial islands made of dredged substrate from bottom *** by non-native plants may suppress development and reduce survival of *** Barnegat Bay,New Jersey,USA,there is a mosaic of natural and degraded terrapin nesting *** investigated the effects of dredge soil and shade on the hatching success of diamondback terrapins to determine whether nesting habitat could be increased by using dredged bottom *** year 1,unshaded nests in natural loamy-sand had the highest hatching success(55.2%),while nests in dredge soil produced no *** year 2,nests in unshaded loamy-sand had a hatching success of 85.3%,whereas those in dredge soil,aged 1 year,had a hatching success of 59.4%.Dredge soil improved as an incubation substrate after aging 1 year by the washout of *** temperatures were generally cool and produced mostly male *** dredge soil may provide suitable nesting substrates for diamondback terrapins if used after one year,and may be particularly beneficial if used for constructing islands that provide new nesting sites with reduced access of mammalian predators.

关键词： dredge estuarine turtles hatching success Malaclemys terrapin nesting ecology nest temperature nest substrate shade

Weather or weathering?Growth of Nothofagus dombeyi on volcanic soils differing in nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations

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Journal of plant Ecology 2016年第5期9卷 596-607页

作者： Christoph walter Cecilia A.pérez Frank M.Thomas Faculty of Regional and Environmental Sciences GeobotanyUniversity of TrierBehringstraße 2154296 TrierGermany Departamento de Ecología de Ecosistemas Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad(IEB)Alameda 340SantiagoChile

Aims We tested whether—in addition to weather conditions—the concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus in the substrate have an effect on the radial stem increment of Nothofagus dombeyi trees in old-growth forest stands on volcanic soil at the western slopes of the Andes in South-Central *** We took soil samples and tree increment cores from five proximate sites(1000-1300 m a.s.l.)that are located in the volcanic region of the Conguillío National park and differ in the age of the substrate(Miocene—3500 years B.p.)and in its concentrations of nitrogen(N)and phosphorus(p).The soil samples were also analysed on their concentrations of other plant mineral nutrients,carbon(C)and nitrogen isotope ratios(δ^(15)N).Tree-ring widths and the stem basal area increment(BAI)were related to climate *** selected tree rings,the stable isotope ratios of carbon(δ^(13)C)and oxygen(δ^(18)O)were determined and related to growth and climate *** FindingsConsistent with theory,the soils on the oldest substrate showed the highest(least negative)δ^(15)N values,but mineral N was the only nutrient whose concentration exhibited a straightforward(increasing)relationship with increasing substrate *** BAI was largest on the soil with the highest concentration of plant-available *** contrast to BAI,tree-ring chronologies did not differ among the study ***,tree-ring chronologies and BAI exhibited significantly positive correlations with summer precipitation,and negative correlations,with summer(December)temperature.A negative correlation was found betweenδ^(13)C and precipitation anomalies in the growing season(November-March).We interpret the negative correlations between growth and temperature,and betweenδ^(13)C andδ^(18)O in the tree rings,as an impairment of net carbon assimilation by anomalously warm weather conditions during the growing *** conclude that the growth of *** is mainly affected by high temperature and low precipitation

关键词： Andisol annual ring dendroecology temperate broadleaf forest weather anomalies

Kohn-Sham Density Matrix and the Kernel Energy Method

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物理化学学报 2018年第6期34卷 656-661页

作者： pOLKOSNIK walter MASSA Lou The Graduate Center of the City University of New York Physics Department 365 5th Avenue New York NY 10016 USA. Hunter College of the City University of New York Chemistry Department 695 Park Avenue New York NY 10065 USA. The Graduate C

The kernel energy method(KEM) has been shown to provide fast and accurate molecular energy calculations for molecules at their equilibrium *** breaks a molecule into smaller subsets,called kernels,for the purposes of *** results from the kernels are summed according to an expression characteristic of KEM to obtain the full molecule energy.A generalization of the kernel expansion to density matrices provides the full molecule density matrix and *** this study,the kernel expansion for the density matrix is examined in the context of density functional theory(DFT) Kohn-Sham(KS) calculations.A kernel expansion for the one-body density matrix analogous to the kernel expansion for energy is defined,and is then converted into a normalizedprojector by using the Clinton *** normalized projectors are factorizable into linear combination of atomic orbitals(LCAO) matrices that deliver full-molecule Kohn-Sham molecular orbitals in the atomic orbital *** straightforward KEM energies and energies from a normalized,idempotent density matrix obtained from a density matrix kernel expansion to which the Clinton algorithm has been applied are compared to reference energies obtained from calculations on the full system without any kernel *** were performed both for a simple proof-of-concept system consisting of three atoms in a linear configuration and for a water cluster consisting of twelve water *** the case of the proof-of-concept system,calculations were performed using the STO-3 G and6-31 G(d,p) bases over a range of atomic separations,some very far from *** water cluster was calculated in the 6-31 G(d,p) basis at an equilibrium *** normalized projector density energies are more accurate than the straightforward KEM energy results in nearly all *** the case of the water cluster,the energy of the normalized projector is approximately four times more accurate than the straightforwa

关键词： Kohn Sham density matrix Kernel energy method N-representability Quantum crystallography Watercluster

Normal families and fixed points of iterates

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Science China Mathematics 2010年第3期53卷 593-596页

作者： BerGWEILer walter Mathematisches Seminar der Christian–Albrechts–Universitt zu Kiel

Let F be a family of holomorphic functions and suppose that there exists ε > 0 such that if f ∈ F, then |(f 2 ) (ξ)|≤4-ε for all fixed points ξ of the second iterate f 2 . We show that then F is normal. This is deduced from a result which says that if p is a polynomial of degree at least 2, then p 2 has a fixed point ξ such that |(p 2 ) (ξ)|≥4. The results are motivated by a problem posed by Yang Lo.

关键词： fixed point multiplier normality iteration periodic point

Evaluating the Impact of the Universal Test and Treat Strategy on the Survival of patients in the Northwest Region of Cameroon

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World Journal of AIDS 2024年第3期14卷 45-60页

作者： Emmanuel Mboh Nshom Bereynuy Jude Cholong Kum Kang walter Khan Eveline Mboh Keng Vitalis Noela F. Ijang Gwendoline Nkenu Nsom Mirabel Mbueh Vifeme Esther Bonje Kuni Monju Johnson Vishi Gladys Enih Fosah pius Muffih Tih AIDS Care and prevention program Cameroon Baptist Convention Health Services Bamenda Cameroon Regional Technical Group for the Fight against HIV and AID Northwest Region Cameroon

Introduction: The main outcome of efficiently implemented universal test and treat (UTT) program is improved survival. UTT implementation has been ongoing in Cameroon since 2016 but evaluation data are scarce. This study aims to assess the survival of antiretroviral therapy (ART) patients initiated under UTT in Northwest region of Cameroon. Methods: This retrospective cohort study included HIV-positive patients initiated in 2016 at 27 purposefully selected sites and followed until 2021. Data was anonymously abstracted from ART registers and patients’ charts. Kaplan-Meier survival estimates and Cox model were used to compare the survival of patients initiated under UTT with those initiated otherwise, using stata version 14.0. Results: In total, 2490 HIV-positive patients (median age 42.7 years, 94.7% adults, and 69.0% female) participated in the study. Of 1389 patients with viral load (VL) test results, 55% were initiated on ART late. The VL suppression rate of patients initiated late and those initiated early were similar. During follow-up, 1020 (40.9%) participants censored. The survival curves of patients initiated early on ART and those initiated late were similar during the first 2.5 years of follow-up but significantly (p Conclusions: This study confirms the expected impact of UTT. programs only need to close existing implementation gaps along the critical pathways (diagnosis and treatment) of UTT, focusing more on males.

关键词： Universal Test and Treat Viral Load Survival Northwest Cameroon

potential of Zimbabwean commercial probiotic products and strains of Lactobacillus plantarum as prophylaxis and therapy against diarrhoea caused by Escherichia coli in children

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Asian pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2017年第1期10卷 57-62页

作者： walter Chingwaru Jerneja Vidmar Department of Biological Sciences Faculty of ScienceBindura University Science EducationP.Bag 1020BinduraZimbabwe Maribor Institute of Biomedical Sciences Žitna ulica 102000 MariborSlovenia Institute Ceres/Zavod Ceres Lahovna 163000 CeljeSlovenia Department of plastic and Reconstructive Surgery University Medical Centre MariborLjubljanska 52000 MariborSlovenia

Objective: To evaluate the potential of commercial fermented products sold in the country,and strains of Lactobacillus plantarum(L,plantarum)as prophylaxis and therapy against diarrhoea in children,Methods: The antimicrobial potential of cultures of lactobacilli enriched from 4 Zimbabwean commercial food/beverage products: Dairibord Lacto sour milk(DLSM),probrand sour milk(pSM),Kefalos Vuka cheese(KVC) and Chibuku opaque beer(COB); and four strains of L,plantarum obtained from Balkan traditional cheeses against clinical strains of Escherichia coli(E,coli) was assayed using the well diffusion method,Three commercial paediatric antidiarrhoeal drug products: Biogaia(BG),prolife(pL) and probio Junior(pJ) and a mutant strain of E,coli [strain 11105(ATCC)- a vitamin B-12 auxotroph and penicillin G acylase-producing strain] were used as controls,An agar diffusion assay and a competitive exclusion assay were carried out on Mueller Hinton agar,Results: Crude cultures of putative lactobacillus strains obtained from Zimbabwean dairy products(probrand sour milk,Kefalos Vuka vuka cheese and Chibuku opaque beer) had significantly higher antimicrobial activities against clinical strains of E,coli than strains of L,plantarum isolated from Balkan cheeses(CLp1,CLp2 or CLp3) and crude microbial cultures from commercial paediatric probiotic products(BG,pJ and pL) of a culture of Lactobacillus rhamnosus LGG(pputative Lactobacilli from four commercial Zimbabwean dairy products(probrand sour milk,Kefalos Vuka vuka cheese and Chibuku opaque beer),and three strains of L,plantarum from Balkan cheeses(CLp1,CLp2 or CLp3) exhibited high antibacterial activities that can be harnessed to control paediatric diarrhoea that is caused by pathogenic strains of E,coli,Studies to characterise the probiotic potential of the live cultures in the products and the new strains of L,plantarum are underway.

关键词： probiotic Inhibition Escherichia coli Lactobacillus plantarum Diarrhoea paediatric

Terahertz Spectroscopic Characterization and Thickness Evaluation of Internal Delamination Defects in GFRp Composites

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Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering 2023年第1期36卷 190-210页

作者： walter Nsengiyumva Shuncong Zhong Manting Luo Bing Wang Fujian provincial Key Laboratory of Terahertz Functional Devices and Intelligent Sensing School of Mechanical Engineering and AutomationFuzhou UniversityFuzhou350108China Institute of precision Instrument and Intelligent Measurement&Control Fuzhou UniversityFuzhou350108P.R.China School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Putian UniversityPutian351100China

The use of terahertz time-domain spectroscopy(THz-TDS)for the nondestructive testing and evaluation(NDT&E)of materials and structural systems has attracted significant attention over the past two decades due to its superior spatial resolution and capabilities of detecting and characterizing defects and structural damage in non-conducting *** this study,the THz-TDS system is used to detect,localize and evaluate hidden multi-delamination defects(i.e.,a three-level multi-delamination system)in multilayered GFRp composite *** obtain accurate results,a wavelet shrinkage de-noising algorithm is used to remove the noise from the measured time-of-flight(TOF)*** thickness and location of each delamination defect in the z-direction(i.e.,through-the-thickness direction)are calculated from the de-noised TOF signals considering the interaction between the pulsed THz waves and the different interfaces in the GFRp composite laminates.A comparison between the actual and the measured thickness values of the delamination defects before and after the wavelet shrinkage denoising process indicates that the latter provides better results with less than 3.712%relative error,while the relative error of the non-de-noised signals reaches 16.388%.Also,the power and absorbance levels of the THz waves at every interface with different refractive indices in the GFRp composite laminates are evaluated based on analytical and experimental *** present study provides an adequate theoretical analysis that could help NDT&E specialists to estimate the maximum thickness of GFRp composite materials and/or structures with different interfaces that can be evaluated by the ***,the accuracy of the obtained results highlights the capabilities of the THz-TDS for the NDT&E of multilayered GFRp composite laminates.

关键词： Glass-fiber-reinforced polymer-matrix(GFRp)composites Terahertz time-domain spectroscopy(THz-TDS) Nondestructive testing and evaluation(NDT&E) Stationary wavelet transform(SWT) Thickness evaluation Delamination defects

Rare earth elements(lanthanum,cerium and erbium)doped black oxygen deficient Bi_(2)O_(3)-Bi_(2)O_(3-x) as novel photocatalysts enhanced photocatalytic performance

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Journal of Rare Earths 2022年第7期40卷 1053-1062页

作者： Jin Tang Zhili Chen Xiaolong Yu walter ZTang College of Environmental Science and Engineering Guilin University of TechnologyGuilin 541006China Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Florida International UniversityMiamiFL33174USA Guangdong provincial Key Laboratory of petrochemical pollution processes and Control School of Environmental Science and EngineeringGuangdong University of Petrochemical TechnologyMaoming 525000China

Novel black oxygen deficient bismuth oxide(Bi_(2)O_(3)-Bi_(2)O_(3-x))photocatalytic material was successfully prepared by a two zone temperature controlled muffle furnace *** lanthanum,cerium and erbium ions are successfully doped into Bi_(2)O_(3)-Bi_(2)O_(3-x) with the average contents of 10.77 wt%,7.62 wt%and 8,14 wt%,*** re sults show that a large number of oxygen vacancies exist in Bi_(2)O_(3)-Bi_(2)O_(3-x).La^(3+)Ce^(3+)and er^(3+)act as electron acceptors to temporarily trap the photo-generated *** XpS spectrum show Bi-O band in Bi_(2)O_(3)-Bi_(2)O_(3-x) and the O 1s peak of Ce/Bi_(2)O_(3)-Bi_(2)O_(3-x) move toward the direction of low binding *** phenomena fully prove that the separation of photogenerated electron-hole pairs will be more effectual,so as to reduce the possibility of charge carrier *** radical scavenging experiments and electron spin resonance detections confirm that the conduction band of the original Bi_(2)O_(3)can easily receive photogenerated electrons,while the valence band of the modified Bi_(2)O_(3)-Bi_(2)O_(3-x) tends to accept photogenerated holes and then forms the circulation ***,Ce/Bi_(2)O_(3)-Bi_(2)O_(3-x) can degrade tetracycline hydrochloride up to 90.15%.This research provides some new insights into developing green and recyclable photocatalysts for the remediation of antibiotic contamination.

关键词： Oxygen deficient Rare earth doping photocatalysis Degradation mechanism Tetracycline hydrochloride

Cathodoluminescence Microscopy of Zircon in Hp-and UHpMetamorphic Rocks: A Fundamental Technique for Assessing the problem of Inclusions versus pseudo-Inclusions

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Journal of Earth Science 2019年第6期30卷 1095-1107页

作者： Hans-peter Schertl Andreas Hertwig walter VMaresch Institute of Geology Mineralogy and GeophysicsRuhr-University BochumP-44780 BochumGermany College of Earth Science and Engineering Shandong University of Science and TechnologyQingdao 266590China Department of Earth Planetaryand Space SciencesUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90095USA

This paper shows how a faulty approach to the study of mineral inclusions in zircon can lead to misleading interpretations of the geological *** present and discuss two well-documented *** grains separated from Hp metamorphic jadeitite of the Rio San Juan Complex,Dominican Republic,and from UHp pyrope quartzite of the Dora Maira Massif,northern Italy,were studied using cathodoluminescence(CL)techniques,in combination with mineral inclusion and age *** general,zircon from both localities shows inherited magmatic core domains with oscillatory zoning and metamorphic *** magmatic cores of zircon from the jadeitite yield ages of 115–117 Ma and host jadeite and omphacite which are of metamorphic origin and formed at about 78 *** from lawsonite blueschist,representing the country rock of the jadeitite,contains domains with oscillatory zoning that are nearly identical in age to the zircon cores from the adjacent jadeitite,and also contains younger metamorphic minerals such as lawsonite,albite,phengite(Si3.68),chlorite,and *** observations were made on the magmatic cores of zircon from the pyrope *** are about 275 Ma in age and host pyrope,phengite(Si3.55),talc,and kyanite,all of which formed during UHp metamorphism at about 35 *** from the biotite-phengite-gneiss country rock(metagranite)shows oscillatory zoning and yields ages that are identical to those of the magmatic cores of zircon from pyrope quartzite,which thus reflect granitic intrusion *** country-rock zircon also encloses metamorphic minerals with ages of about 35 *** minerals are,for example,garnet and phengite,as well as a polymineralic assemblage of clinopyroxene+garnet+phengite+quartz,that point to formation at UHp metamorphic conditions around 40 kbar/750℃.Based on these examples we suggest an effective approach centered on key evidence from CL studies to show that magmatic domains of zircon may actually contain pseudo-inclusions whic

关键词： zircon cathodoluminescence inclusion pseudo-inclusion jadeitite pyrope-quarzite whiteschist