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Inspection of maleic anhydride in starch powder using line-scan hyperspectral Raman chemical imaging technique

International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2018年第6期11卷 120-125页

作者： Jianwei Qin Moon S.Kim Kuanglin Chao Lisa Bellato walter f.schmidt Byoung-Kwan Cho Min Huang USDA/ARS Environmental Microbial and food Safety Laboratory Beltsville Agricultural Research Center10300 Baltimore Ave.BeltsvilleMD 20705USA Department of Production Engineering Municipal Education Foundation of Piracicaba(FUMEP)-Piracicaba’s School of Engineering560 Monsenhor Martinho Salgot Ave.PiracicabaSP 13414-040Brazil Department of Biosystems Machinery Engineering College of Agricultural and Life ScienceChungnam National University99 Daehak-roYuseoung-guDaejeon 305-764South Korea Key Laboratory of Advanced Process Control for Light Industry(Ministry of Education) Jiangnan University1800 Lihu AvenueWuxi 214122JiangsuChina

Excessive use of maleic anhydride(MAN)in starch production is potentially harmful for consumers’*** study presents a macro-scale Raman chemical imaging method for detection and quantification of MAN particles mixed in starch *** was mixed into corn starch at eight concentration levels from 50 ppm to 6400 ppm(w/w).Each mixture was put in a sample holder with a 150 mm×100 mm area and a 2 mm depth to create a large surface and a thin layer of the powdery sample for inspection.A 30 W 785 nm line laser was projected on the sample surface,from which hyperspectral images were obtained by a line-scan Raman imaging system with a spatial resolution of 0.2 *** signals generated by laser-sample interactions were eliminated by a mathematical baseline correction method.A unique Raman peak was selected at 1839 cm-1 for the MAN detection,at which single-band fluorescence-corrected images were extracted from the mixture of each concentration and used to generate chemical images for MAN detection and *** MAN detection limit was estimated at 100 ppm based on the Raman imaging measurement *** concentrations of the MAN in the chemical images were found linearly correlated with mass concentrations of the MAN particles in the starch powder,suggesting the Raman chemical imaging method has the potential for quantitative detection of the MAN in the starch-MAN mixtures.

关键词： Raman spectroscopy chemical imaging starch adulteration food authentication

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On COVID-19 and Membrane Lipids and Public Health

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粮油食品科技 2022年第3期30卷 55-58页

作者： Yi-qun WANG Mark JOHNSON walter f.schmidt Hong-wei REN Michael A CRAWfORD Department of Metabolism Digestion and ReproductionChelsea and Westminster Hospital CampusImperial CollegeLondon SW109NHUK United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service BeltsvilleMD 20705USA Division of Virology Department of PathologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridge CB21QPUK

Coronavirus has a lipid *** replication requires hijacking the RNA tools of the host to synthesize virion protein,that then has to be wrapped in a lipid membrane to enable the budding off which extends the *** studies implicate certain essential fatty acids with replication suppression *** lipid membrane is commonly thought of as a fatty barrier to water *** is however highly ordered and compositionally specific to cellular and sub cellular *** will likely also be an optimum specificity for the viral *** DNA,RNA and protein compositions are not affected by diet,the lipid membrane ***,the greater sensitivity of males over females to inadequacy of these essential fatty acids and membrane integrity has been known since the 1960 *** evidence that arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acids exhibiting anti-viral,immune,anti-inflammatory,blood pressure control and resolvin activity,their status needs to be urgently examined in relation to the prevention and therapy for *** would also be advisable to re-assess food *** lipid requirements for the membrane rich systems as in the brain,nervous,vascular and immune systems have not been *** is little doubt these were significant in shaping the human genome over several million *** from such conditions would be predicted to put populations at risk to disorder and infection,with males being more at risk than females.

关键词： coronavirus Covid-19 arachidonic docosahexaenoic membrane lipid male-female risk public health

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Application of dynamic image analysis to the optical characterisation of fibrous bulk material

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Particuology 2024年第7期90卷 51-60页

作者： Johannes Lunewski Eberhard schmidt Institute of Particle Technology University of WuppertalGermany

Dynamic image analysis provides an automated evaluation method to determine the size and shape of multiple particles. This method represents a common application for ordinary bulk material. The latest draft of ISO 13322–2:2021 describes the state of the art, but lacks instructions for handling fibrous bulk material. Interlocking fibres complicate the measurement conditions and require a disentanglement of fibrous samples during a pre-dispersion step. A further error source includes the fibre orientation inside the measurement zone of the device. If the thresholding algorithm fails to differentiate between the fibre projection area and the background, a subsequent image optimisation solves the problem. This article addresses the mentioned problems by analysing cotton cellulose and polyacrylonitrile fibres. Besides the execution of a pre-dispersion step, the experiments compare the discrepancies between dry and wet dispersion. Here, the software packages PAQXOS and ImageJ perform the image evaluation. In this case, the wet dispersion setup with a subsequent image evaluation by ImageJ provides comprehensible results.

关键词： Bootstrap method Dynamic image analysis fibre diameter fibre length distribution Natural fibres Synthetic fibres

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Mechanistic modeling of copper corrosions in data center environments

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Building Simulation 2024年第3期17卷 483-492页

作者： Rui Zhang Jianshun Zhang Roger schmidt Jeremy L.Gilbert Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering College of Engineering and Computer ScienceSyracuse UniversitySyracuseNY13244USA Buildings and Transportation Science Division Oak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTN37830USA SyracuseCoE-New York Center of Excellence in Environmental and Energy Systems Syracuse University727 E.Washington StreetSyracuseNY13244USA Department of Bioengineering Clemson UniversityClemson-Medical University of South Carolina Bioengineering ProgramCharlestonSC29425USA

Air-side economizers are increasingly used to take advantage of“free-cooling”in data centers with the intent of reducing the carbon footprint of ***,they can introduce outdoor pollutants to indoor environment of data centers and cause corrosion damage to the information technology *** evaluate the reliability of information technology equipment under various thermal and air-pollution conditions,a mechanistic model based on multi-ion transport and chemical reactions was *** model was used to predict Cu corrosion caused by Cl_(2)-containing pollutant *** also accounted for the effects of temperature(25℃and 28℃),relative humidity(50%,75%,and 95%),and *** also identified higher air temperature as a corrosion barrier and higher relative humidity as a corrosion accelerator,which agreed well with the experimental *** average root mean square error of the prediction was 13.7Å.The model can be used to evaluate the thermal guideline for data centers design and operation when Cl_(2)is present based on pre-established acceptable risk of corrosion in data centers’environment.

关键词： chloride pollutant mixture copper corrosion model data center temperature relative humidity synergistic effect

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Transfer learning from synthetic data for open-circuit voltage curve reconstruction and state of health estimation of lithium-ion batteries from partial charging segments

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Energy and AI 2024年第3期17卷 80-97页

作者： Tobias Hofmann Jacob Hamar Bastian Mager Simon Erhard Jan Philipp schmidt Chair of Systems Engineering for Electrical Energy Storage University of BayreuthWeiherstraße 26Bayreuth95448BavariaGermany BMW Group Petuelring 130Munich80809BavariaGermany

Data-driven models for battery state estimation require extensive experimental training data,which may not be available or suitable for specific tasks like open-circuit voltage(OCV)reconstruction and subsequent state of health(SOH)*** study addresses this issue by developing a transfer-learning-based OCV reconstruction model using a temporal convolutional long short-term memory(TCN-LSTM)network trained on synthetic data from an automotive nickel cobalt aluminium oxide(NCA)cell generated through a mechanistic model *** data consists of voltage curves at constant temperature,C-rates between C/30 to 1C,and a SOH-range from 70%to 100%.The model is refined via Bayesian optimization and then applied to four use cases with reduced experimental nickel manganese cobalt oxide(NMC)cell training data for higher use *** TL models’performances are compared with models trained solely on experimental data,focusing on different C-rates and voltage *** results demonstrate that the OCV reconstruction mean absolute error(MAE)within the average battery electric vehicle(BEV)home charging window(30%to 85%state of charge(SOC))is less than 22 mV for the first three use cases across all *** SOH estimated from the reconstructed OCV exhibits an mean absolute percentage error(MAPE)below 2.2%for these *** study further investigates the impact of the source domain on TL by incorporating two additional synthetic datasets,a lithium iron phosphate(LfP)cell and an entirely artificial,non-existing,cell,showing that solely the shifting and scaling of gradient changes in the charging curve suffice to transfer knowledge,even between different cell chemistries.A key limitation with respect to extrapolation capability is identified and evidenced in our fourth use case,where the absence of such comprehensive data hindered the TL process.

关键词： Lithium-ion battery State of health estimation Transfer learning OCV curve Partial charging Synthetic data

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A complete reference genome for the soybean ***

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Plant Communications 2024年第2期5卷 19-22页

作者： Yicheng Huang Dal-Hoe Koo Yizhou Mao Eliot M.Herman Jianwei Zhang Monica A.schmidt National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement Hubei Hongshan LaboratoryHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan 430070China Wheat Genetics Resource Center Department of Plant PathologyKansas State UniversityManhattanKS 66506USA BIO5 Institute School of Plant SciencesUniversity of ArizonaTucsonAZ 85721USA

Dear Editors,Soybeans are a global commodity for their edible protein and vegetable *** global population is predicted to be 9.7 billion by 2050(UN,2022),with a concomitant drastic increase in protein *** already 2.4 billion people suffering from food insecurity(fAO et al.,2023),there is an urgent need to meet future production demands for plant-based proteins.

关键词： commodity soybean urgent

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Control and vibration analyses of a sandwich doubly curved micro-composite shell with honeycomb,truss,and corrugated cores based on the fourth-order shear deformation theory

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2024年第10期45卷 1773-1790页

作者： f.SHIRDELAN M.MOHAMMADIMEHR f.BARGOZINI Department of Solid Mechanics Faculty of Mechanical EngineeringUniversity of KashanKashan 87317-53153Iran

Curved shells are increasingly utilized in applied engineering due to their shared characteristics with other sandwich structures,flexibility,and attractive ***,the inability of controlling and regulating vibrations and destroying them afterward is a challenge to *** this paper,the curve shell equations and a linear quadratic regulator are adopted for the state feedback design to manage the structure vibrations in state space forms.A five-layer sandwich doubly curved micro-composite shell,comprising two piezoelectric layers for the sensor and actuator,is modeled by the fourth-order shear deformation *** core(honeycomb,truss,and corrugated)is analyzed for the bearing of transverse shear *** results show that the honeycomb core has a greater effect on the *** the parameters related to the core and the weight percentage of graphene increase,the frequency *** uniform distribution of graphene platelets results in the lowest natural frequency while the natural frequency ***,without taking into account the piezoelectric layers,the third-order shear deformation theory(TSDT)and fourth-order shear deformation theory(fOSDT)align ***,when the piezoelectric layers are incorporated,these two theories diverge significantly,with the frequencies in the fOSDT being lower than those in the TSDT.

关键词： vibration and control doubly curved shell micro-composite honeycomb truss corrugate core

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Temporally Preserving Latent Variable Models:Offline and Online Training for Reconstruction and Interpretation of fault Data for Gearbox Condition Monitoring

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Journal of Dynamics, Monitoring and Diagnostics 2024年第2期3卷 156-177页

作者： Ryan Balshaw P.Stephan Heyns Daniel N.Wilke Stephan schmidt Center for Asset Integrity Management Department of Mechanical and Aeronautical EngineeringUniversity of PretoriaPretoriaSouth Africa

Latent variable models can effectively determine the condition of essential rotating machinery without needing labeled *** models analyze vibration data via an unsupervised learning *** preservation is necessary to obtain an informative latent manifold for the fault diagnosis *** a temporalpreserving context,two approaches exist to develop a condition-monitoring methodology:offline and *** latent variable models,the available training modes are not *** many traditional methods use offline training,online training can dynamically adjust the latent manifold,possibly leading to better fault signature extraction from the vibration *** study explores online training using temporal-preserving latent variable *** online training,there are two main methods:one focuses on reconstructing data and the other on interpreting the data *** are considered to evaluate how they diagnose faults over *** two experimental datasets,the study confirms that models from both training modes can detect changes in machinery health and identify faults even under varying ***,the complementarity of offline and online models is emphasized,reassuring their versatility in fault *** the implications of the training approach and the available model formulations is crucial for further research in latent variable modelbased fault diagnostics.

关键词： Condition monitoring unsupervised learning latent variable models temporal preservation training approaches

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Bolstering integrity in environmental data science and machine learning requires understanding socioecological inequity

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frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2024年第5期18卷 171-179页

作者： Joe f.Bozeman III School of Civil and Environmental Engineering Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA30332USA School of Public Policy Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA30332USA

Socioecological inequity in environmental data science—such as inequities deriving from data-driven approaches and machine learning(ML)—are current issues subject to debate and *** is growing consensus around embedding equity throughout all research and design domains—from inception to administration,while also addressing procedural,distributive,and recognitional ***,practically doing so may seem onerous or daunting to *** current perspective helps to alleviate these types of concerns by providing substantiation for the connection between environmental data science and socioecological inequity,using the Systemic Equity framework,and provides the foundation for a paradigmatic shift toward normalizing the use of equity-centered approaches in environmental data science and ML *** the integrity of environmental data science and ML is just beginning from an equity-centered tool development and rigorous application *** this end,this perspective also provides relevant future directions and challenges by overviewing some meaningful tools and strategies—such as applying the Wells-Du Bois Protocol,employing fairness metrics,and systematically addressing irreproducibility;emerging needs and proposals—such as addressing data-proxy bias and supporting convergence research;and establishes a ten-step path ***,the work that environmental scientists and engineers do ultimately affect the well-being of us all.

关键词： Equity Bias Machine Learning Data Science Justice Systemic Equity

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Premature axon-oligodendrocyte interaction contributes to stalling of experimental axon regeneration after injury to the white matter

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第3期19卷 469-470页

作者： Ephraim f.Trakhtenberg Department of Neuroscience University of Connecticut School of MedicineFarmingtonCTUSA

Studies from nearly 3 decades ago suggested that,in the central nervous system(CNS),myelination of axons by oligodendrocytes not only helps improve axonal conductivity but also stabilizes circuitry(Colello and Schwab,1994).Over the years,myelin sheaths produced by oligodendrocytes have been found to contain multiple molecules that are inhibitory to axonal growth(e.g.,MAG,NogoA,OMgp,Semaphorins)(Yiu and He,2006;Silver et al.,2014).After white matter injury in the adult CNS,myelin debris from damaged axons and dead oligodendrocytes accumulates in the forming glial scar and exposes these myelin-associated axon growth-inhibitory molecules to the injured axonal stumps,thereby contributing to the inhibition of axonal *** development,CNS axons reach their postsynaptic targets and stop growing before oligodendrocytes appear and myelinate them(foran and Peterson,1992;Dangata et al.,1996).Therefore,myelin-associated axon growth-inhibitory molecules interacting with already grown axons during myelination were thought to block axons from promiscuous sprouting and miswiring,thereby stabilizing neural circuitry in the CNS(Colello and Schwab,1994).

关键词： thereby white injury

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