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***,motor and cognitive factors related to braille reading performance in aging:a scoping review

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Annals of Eye Science 2018年第1期 504-504页

作者： Natalie Martiniello walter wittich School of Optometry Universitéde MontréalQCCanada CRIR/Centre de réadaptation MAB-Mackay du CIUSSS du Centre-Ouest-de-l’Île-de-Montréal MontréalQCCanada CRIR/Institut Nazareth et Louis-Braille du CISSS de la Montérégie-Centre QCCanada

Background:A growing number of older adults with vision loss require vision rehabilitation services to address reading *** may be the most appropriate option for those with functional blindness,poor visual prognoses or dual sensory *** standardized braille assessment and training protocols are in place to guide interventions with children,there is a high degree of inconsistency and a lack of evidence-based knowledge about best practices to use with adults and seniors who require braille ***-related declines in tactile acuity,motor dexterity and cognition present unique barriers to braille training,but very little is known about the impact of aging on factors related to braille reading *** aim of this scoping review is to identify the perceptual,motor,and cognitive factors related to braille reading performance and to determine how these factors have been assessed or measured among blind adults and elderly individuals in prior ***:Using the scoping review method,a comprehensive search was conducted in three databases:PubMed,Educational Resource Information Center(ERIC),and the Cochrane *** reviewers screened articles for inclusion to ensure internal agreement,based on identified exclusion ***:The initial search resulted in 1,565 qualitative and quantitative *** results synthesize the perceptual,motor and cognitive factors known to predict braille reading performance,how these variables are impacted by the aging process,and how they have been measured in prior ***:This scoping review is the first step in working towards the development of evidence-based assessment and training protocols to standardized practice with adult and senior clients who require braille *** also serves to clarify where current knowledge gaps exist in order to guide future studies on braille reading and aging.

关键词： Blind braille reading aging

*** the facilitators and barriers encountered by adults and seniors with acquired vision loss who pursue braille training

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Annals of Eye Science 2019年第1期 206-206页

作者： Natalie Martiniello walter wittich School of Optometry University of MontrealMontrealQCCanada RIR/Centre de réadaptation MAB-Mackay du CIUSSS du Centre-Ouest-de-l’Île-de-Montréal MontrealQCCanada

Background:As the prevalence of age-related vision loss continues to increase,vision rehabilitation practitioners will encounter a growing number of older adults who experience reading-related *** may be considered as an alternative to sight enhancement options for clients with progressive or significant visual ***,little is known about the impact of aging on braille reading *** goal of this research was to explore the experiences of older adults with acquired vision loss who have learned braille later in life,and to better understand the facilitators and barriers encountered throughout this ***:Qualitative interviews were conducted by telephone with 14 participants from across Canada(age 40-72,Mdn=55.5,7 female).All participants learned braille in adulthood(starting age 33-60,Mdn=46.5).Recorded interviews were transcribed verbatim and later analyzed by two independent researchers based on the phenomenological method of ***:Personal,social and environmental factors were shown to influence the braille-learning *** particular,prior learning experiences(both positive and negative)were shown to impact both the decision to learn braille and participant training *** highlighted the importance of perceived support from family and friends,and reactions towards braille from the general public posed a barrier to those still adjusting to vision *** also highlighted the value of knowing others who learned braille later in ***,a reoccurring environmental barrier that emerged was the perceived response from rehabilitation practitioners who believed that clients should not or could not learn braille due to their age,as well as the lack of available resources to facilitate ***:Results highlight the need to explore the influence of stereotypes associated with aging,blindness and braille,and the degree to which this may impact opportunities for

关键词： Braille aging rehabilitation blindness vision loss

*** findings from the COMPASS-ND study:reading acuity and contrast sensitivity at different levels of cognitive impairment

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Annals of Eye Science 2019年第1期 212-212页

作者： Faisal Al-Yawer Natalie Phillips walter wittich Department of Psychology Concordia UniversityMontrealQCCanada School of Optometry University of MontrealMontrealQCCanada

Background:Declines in visual function have been reported in individuals with Alzheimer’s disease(AD)and other neurological disorders,and have been associated with cognitive decline seen in those *** we report preliminary visual findings from the COMPASS-ND study of the Canadian Consortium on Neurodegeneration in Aging(CCNA)in a diverse group of individuals at various stages of cognitive impairment,diagnosed via clinical consensus and stringent ***:Participants were 109 older adults(age range,60-89,M=72.94,SD=7.01)that are part of the CCNA cohort at different stages of cognitive decline(subjective cognitive impairment,SCI,n=24;mild cognitive impairment,MCI,n=64;mild AD,n=21).Reading acuity(MNRead)and contrast sensitivity(Mars test)were tested with habitual *** additionally report scores on the Montreal Cognitive Assessment(MoCA)scale for the three ***:Out of all the participants,25%had reduced reading acuity[>0.5 logMAR(20/63)]and 23%presented with moderate to severe loss of contrast sensitivity[<1.48 log CS(3.3%contrast)].Only 6.5%of participants had combined reduced reading acuity and moderate to severe contrast ***,only 8.3%of individuals with SCI presented with reduced reading acuity,compared to 32.3%and 23.8%of those with MCI and AD,respectively(χ2=5.28,P=0.071).Lower contrast sensitivity was observed in AD participants relative to those with MCI and SCI(P=0.04,ω2=0.04;Figure 1),after adjusting for age,sex and *** differences in reading acuity were observed(P=0.46,ω2=0.004).Conclusions:Using the Mars test,a measure of the processing of low spatial frequencies,we were able to replicate previous reports of declines in contrast sensitivity in individuals with AD compared to those with MCI and *** also observed higher rates of reduced reading acuity in the AD and MCI groups relative to those reported in the general *** results set the groundwork for examining the relationship betw

关键词： Cognitive impairment cognition visual acuity contrast sensitivity

*** of the international reading speed texts in a Canadian sample

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Annals of Eye Science 2018年第1期 510-510页

作者： Elliott Morrice Julian Hughes walter wittich Aaron Johnson Department of Psychology Concordia UniversityMontrealQCCanada CRIR/Centre de réadaptation MAB-Mackay du CIUSSS du Centre-Ouest-de-l’Île-de-Montréal MontréalQCCanada School of Optometry Universitéde MontréalMontréalQCCanada CRIR/Institut Nazareth et Louis-Braille du CISSS de la Montérégie-Centre LongueuilQCCanada

Background:The International Reading Speed Texts(IReST)were developed in Europe as a standardized measure to assess continuous reading in normally sighted and visually impaired *** IReST is used throughout the United States and Canada to assess reading speed;however,the normative values may not be valid in North America(NA).Additionally there are no normative values for individuals with visual *** aim of this study was to validate the IReSTs in a normally sighted English-speaking NA sample with and without a simulated reduction in visual ***:Fifty undergraduate students from Concordia University participated in this *** were systematically assigned to a counterbalanced order of testing conditions and were asked to read all 10 IReSTs *** normal and impaired vision conditions were counterbalanced such that the first set of five IReSTs were read with either the participants normal/corrected-to-normal vision or with a simulated 20/80 visual ***:Multiple two-sample dependent t-tests using a Holm-Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons were used to compare the IReST values(means and standard deviations)to the current sample;the results showed statistically significant differences between the current samples mean reading speed and the values provided by the *** all cases,P were equal to or less than *** difference scores ranged from 14.87 to 30.05 wpm,with 95%confidence intervals ranging from 4.82 to *** of effect size using bias corrected Hedge’s g*ranged from 0.83 to 1.32,with 95%confidence intervals ranging from 0.25 to *** two-sample dependent t-tests using a Holm-Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons were used to compare the mean reading speed in wpm of the normal and impaired vision conditions;the results showed statistically significant differences between the mean reading speeds of the normal vision condition and the simulated impairment conditio

关键词： International Reading Speed Texts(IReST) reading speed simulated impairment assessment

*** and facilitators related to the use of optical low vision aids,a scoping review

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Annals of Eye Science 2018年第1期 503-503页

作者： Marie-Céline Lorenzini Jonathan Jarry walter wittich School of Optometry Universitéde MontréalQCCanada CRIR/Institut Nazareth et Louis-Braille du CISSS de la Montérégie-Centre QCCanada CRIR/Centre de réadaptation MAB-Mackay du CIUSSS du Centre-Ouest-de-l’Île-de-Montréal QCCanada

Background:In recent decades,several studies have been performed in the field of(non-)use of assistive technology devices(ATs)and have found that many variables are likely to be involved in the decision-making process of whether a person with a disability uses or abandons their *** low vision rehabilitation,high variability rates and a variety of reasons for non-use of low vision aids has been *** of non-use of ATs have previously been categorized into personal factors,ATs factors,environmental factors of the user,and intervention *** is probable that some of these factors are also associated with the use of optical low vision aids(OLVAs).Thus,using a framework about adherence with medical interventions,the aim of this scoping review was to explore barriers and facilitators related to OLVAs(non-)***:Existing guidelines of the scoping review Methods were used to examine and summarize the extent,range,and nature of findings regarding factor categories associated to OLVAs *** were conducted using the following online databases:Embase,MedLine,and ERIC without limitation on publication dates.A combination of key words and MeSH terms was used based upon the identified core concepts of the research question:(I)low vision;(II)assistive technology;and(III)adherence.A charting form,a flow chart of the study selection process,and a combination of a descriptive numerical analysis and a thematic analysis of 24 studies were ***:The results of this review indicate high variability rates(range:13-50%,M=24%,SD=10%)of people possessing OLVAs but not using *** authors do not use a precise definition of“non-use”,and when a definition is provided,the terminology is *** expected,the four categories of variables identified are likely to be involved in OLVAs’(non-)use:(I)the largest number of concerns were personal *** aspects regarding personal characteristics were identified,such as demographic,ph

关键词： Low vision assistive technology optical low vision aid(OLVA) adherence

*** study on the actual lighting assessment method and the use of a standardized tool(LuxIQTM)

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Annals of Eye Science 2018年第1期 509-509页

作者： Rebecca Henry walter wittich Marie-Chantal Wanet-Defalque School of Optometry Universitéde MontréalQCCanada CRIR/Institut Nazareth et Louis-Braille du CISSS de la Montérégie-Centre LongueuilQCCanada CRIR/Centre de réadaptation MAB-Mackay du CIUSSS du Centre-Ouest-de-l’Île-de-Montréal MontréalQCCanada

Background:With the arrival of a new standardized tool and considering the multiple disadvantages of the actual method used for assesses lighting needs,the goal of the study was to compare the actual lighting assessment method used by the clinicians working in a rehabilitation center with the use of the *** reading is found to be the main difficulty mentioned by the majority of the clients at the rehabilitation centre and that past studies have shown the impact of lighting on improving reading speed and deceasing print size,the hypothesis stated that the use of the standardized tool would be statistically significantly superior than the use of the standard method on the variables on reading speed,print size,ocular fatigue,application of the recommendations and satisfaction of the length of time ***:Three clinicians proceeded to home lighting assessments for 28 participants aged from 19 to 100 years(mean=75,SD=27)old diagnosed with age-related macular degeneration or *** study evaluated and compared pre and post results between the two ***:The intervention did not have a statistically significant impact on any of the variables *** lighting assessment itself,with either the standard method or using the LuxIQ,statistically significantly decreased print size for reading(P<0.001,ω2=0.47).Conclusions:Lighting has a significant impact on reading print *** value the assessment but encounter various obstacles that prevent them from applying the lighting *** the positive impact of lighting,finding a solution so participants may profit from the benefits of this intervention is crucial.

关键词： Lighting LuxIQ age-related macular degeneration(AMD) reading speed print size

*** interview based assessment’s sensitivity and specificity for identifying dual vision and hearing loss in older adults with and without risk of Mild Cognitive Impairment

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Annals of Eye Science 2019年第1期 211-211页

作者： Andrea Urqueta Alfaro Cathy MacGraw walter wittich Dawn Guthrie School of Optometry Universitéde MontréalMontrealQCCanada CRIR/Centre de réadaptation MAB-Mackay du CIUSSS du Centre-Ouest-de-l’Île-de-Montréal MontréalQCCanada CRIR/Institut Nazareth et Louis-Braille du CISSS de la Montérégie-Centre LongueuilQCCanada Wilfrid Laurier University WaterlooONCanada

Background:Dual vision and hearing loss or dual sensory impairment(DSI)negatively impacts a person’s ability to communicate,acquire information,and perform daily *** the incidence of DSI is higher in older adults(65+),and the fact that most developed countries are aging,there is expected increase in DSI *** detection and evaluation of DSI is of utmost importance because several aspects of health care delivery,and communication with health professionals,depend on *** DSI in older adults can be more difficult when they present with mild cognitive impairment(MCI),which may limit their ability to report sensory loss,potentially resulting on medical professionals failing to detect *** interRAI CHA is the only standardized interview instrument for adults(18+)that helps first-line health care providers to identify and assess *** study evaluated this instrument’s sensitivity and specificity for detecting vision and or hearing loss in older adults with and without risk of ***:The study sample consisted of 200 adults aged 64+that were receiving rehabilitation services for either vision loss only,hearing loss only,or *** measurements were collected:(I)interRAI CHA,which consists of roughly 150 closed-ended questions,two of which are used to identify DSI;(II)Montreal Cognitive Assessment(MoCA),a 10-minute screening test that assess cognitive function and identifies individuals at risk of *** interRA CHA sensitivity and specificity for identifying DSI was calculated in comparison to gold standard objective measurements of vision and hearing obtained from participants’medical *** and specificity results were stratified based on risk of MCI,as assessed by the ***:Sensitivity for DSI was slightly better for respondents that were not at risk of MCI(97.4%)compared to those who were at risk of MCI(96.2%).Likewise,sensitivity for HL only was slightly better for respondents that were not at risk of MC

关键词： Dual sensory impairment deafblindness screening

*** closed-circuit TV versus iPad in spot reading tasks

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Annals of Eye Science 2018年第1期 507-507页

作者： walter wittich Jonathan Jarry Julie-AndréMarinier Aaron Johnson School of Optometry Universitéde MontréalMontréalQCCanada CRIR/Centre de réadaptation MAB-Mackay du CIUSSS du Centre-Ouest-de-l’Île-de-Montréal MontréalQCCanada CRIR/Institut Nazareth et Louis-Braille du CISSS de la Montérégie-Centre LongueuilQCCanada Department of Psychology Concordia UniversityMontrealQCCanada

Background:Spot reading,the ability to obtain short pieces of visual information,can easily be rehabilitated with magnification devices,such as loupes or portable closed-circuit TVs(CCTVs).However,they have limitations such as screen size and price and have previously been shown to be stigmatizing when used in *** arrival of tablet computers provides an alternative with greater magnification at a reduced *** present preliminary results on the objective and subjective comparison of the iPad and a portable CCTV for spot-reading ***:Twenty-three men and 30 women aged 19-93 years,with impaired visual acuity(4.05,median=−0.043,95%credible interval(−0.21,0.234)].Choosing one device over the other may simply depend on preference which,in our cohort,was divided(39.6%iPad,56.6%CCTV,3.8%neither)and which could be influenced by factors such as device size,usability or ***:The data indicate that,for certain spot reading tasks and levels of difficulty,the use of a tablet computer may be as efficient and effective as a traditional device such as a portable *** investigations will further examine device preference as we predict that it may influence device success and continuation of use.

关键词： Portable CCTV iPad spot reading

*** for vision and hearing loss in patients with dementia:recommendations from interviews with sensory experts

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Annals of Eye Science 2018年第1期 506-506页

作者： walter wittich Jonathan Jarry Fiona Höbler Katherine McGilton School of Optometry Universitéde MontréalQCCanada CRIR/Centre de réadaptation MAB-Mackay du CIUSSS du Centre-Ouest-de-l’Île-de-Montréal MontréalQCCanada CRIR/Institut Nazareth et Louis-Braille du CISSS de la Montérégie-Centre LongueuilQCCanada Department of Research Toronto Rehabilitation Institute-University Health NetworkTorontoONCanada Department of Speech-Language Pathology University of TorontoTorontoONCanada Lawrence S.Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing University of TorontoONCanada

Background:Dementia is a syndrome that affects a person’s ability to understand and express *** higher prevalence of vision and/or hearing losses among persons with dementia in long-term care(LTC)facilities interferes with the ability of nurses to provide optimal care because communication is ***,the detection and screening for sensory impairment is of the utmost importance in LTC facilities;however,there is currently no agreement among nursing professionals on how to best identify such losses for the purpose of further referral,and the need for a validated screening measure suitable for nurses in LTC facilities is *** present project aims to close this gap by investigating the screening recommendations of vision-and hearing-care professionals working with clients affected by ***:Eleven experts in audiology,optometry,deafblindness,and technology participated in individual semi-structured interviews on the topic of tools and strategies that can be used to screen individuals with dementia for sensory *** transcripts were coded by two evaluators using verbal agreement and consensus ***:Three main themes emerged from the interviews with experts:barriers,facilitators,and *** to sensory screening were often mentioned,particularly impaired communication and lack of staff *** consisted uniquely of people,such as family members,intervenors,and *** for sensory screening in this population consisted of improving communication through repetition and encouragements;considerations based on familiarity;and inferring an impairment on the basis of patient *** of our interviewees were knowledgeable on the topic of screening ***:Our findings,to be integrated with a similar environmental scan conducted among LTC nurses,can inform the administration of sensory impairment screening tests among a population with dementia in order to optimize ca

关键词： Low vision reading rehabilitation assistive technology tablet computer iPad spot reading