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Evolution of gully erosion and susceptibility factors in the urban watershed of the Kimemi(Butembo/DR Congo)

Geography and Sustainability 2023年第3期4卷 268-279页

作者： Jonathan Ahadi Mahamba Gloire Mulondi Kayitoghera Moise Kapiri Musubao Géant Basimine Chuma walere muhindo sahani Laboratoire d’Ecologie Géomorphologie et Géomatique(LEGG)UniversitéCatholique du GrabenButemboDemocratic Republic of Congo Faculty of Agricultural Sciences UniversitéCatholique du Graben(UCG)P.O.Box 29 ButemboNorth-KivuDemocratic Republic of Congo Faculty of Agricultural and Environment sciences UniversitéEvangélique en Afrique(UEA)P.O.Box:3323 BukavuSouth-KivuDemocratic Republic of Congo Laplec UR SPHERES Department of GeographyUniversity of LiegeClos Mercator 34000LiègeBelgium

Gully erosion is one of the most intense landscape degradation mechanisms in areas with varying environmental characteristics.Both natural and anthropogenic factors affect the gullying process.Reliable documentation of these processes in tropical African cities is scarce.This study assessed the gully erosion dynamic and the sus-ceptibility factors in the urban watershed of Kimemi in eastern Democratic Republic of Congo(DRC).Data were obtained through a combination of fieldwork and digitization of very high spatial resolution images from Google Earth(from 2011 to 2021).The length,width,and area of large gullies(width≥5 m)were measured for each year of the study.A logistic regression model(LRM)was also used to investigate the influence of both physical and anthropogenic factors on gully susceptibility.The results revealed that the number of gullies has increased from 36 to 61 during the last decade.The gully mean length of 63.9±61.1 m,129.3±104.9 m,and 174.7±153.8 m were obtained for the years 2011,2015,and 2021 respectively.The average density of gully network for the study period was 0.12 km/km^(2),while the degraded land was -1.3 and -1.1 ha/year for 2011-2015 and 2015-2021 for the entire watershed.The significant changes in morphometric parameters(length,width,area)were found only in the bare land and building land uses.A strong and positive relationship between the length(m)and the area(ha)was found.Furthermore,the susceptibility of gullying was significantly influenced by the slope,stream power index(SPI),distance to roads and rivers,land use and land cover(LULC),and normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI).This means the areas located in the bare land and building or close to roads and/or streams are more likely to be gullied.The findings emphasize the impact of urbanization on gully erosion in the Kimemi watershed,highlighting the importance of informed land management decisions with a close attention to anthropogenic factors.

关键词： Soil erosion Gully susceptibility LRM Urbanization Watershed Butembo

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Land Use and Land Cover Dynamics in the Urban Watershed of Kimemi River (Butembo/D.R.C)

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2022年第6期10卷 204-219页

作者： Jonathan Ahadi Mahamba Gloire Kayitoghera Mulondi Moïse Musubao Kapiri walere muhindo sahani Laboratoire d’Ecologie Géomorphologie et Géomatique (LEGG) Butembo Democratic Republic of the Congo Department of Water and Forestry Faculty of Agronomy Université Catholique du Graben (UCG) Butembo Democratic Republic of the Congo

Changes in land use and land cover (LULC) influence hydrological processes in a watershed. This study analyses the dynamics of LULC in the Kimemi watershed from 1987 to 2021. GIS and remote sensing tools as well as landscape pattern analysis were used to achieve this purpose. The results reveal that the LULC change is globally marked by an increase in the bare land and building at the expense of the low vegetation (grassland). Between 1987 and 2011, the bare land and buildings (Tg = 61.33%) and the woodland (Tg = 34.2%) classes increased, whereas the grassland class decreased (Tg = -39.5%). On the other hand, between 2011 and 2015, the bare land and building class still increased (Tg = 29.9%) while that of grassland and woodland decreased with Tg = -37.3% and Tg = -4.9%, respectively. Finally, the dynamics observed from 2015 to 2021 is marked by small changes between classes with Tg values of 2.1%, 1.9% and -8.9%, respectively, for the bare land and building, grassland and woodland classes, respectively. The main spatial transformation processes observed are creation and dissection for the bare land and building class, and the grassland class respectively. In particular, the woodland class underwent the creation process between 1987 and 2011 before undergoing attrition (2011-2015-2021). Reduced vegetated areas give rise to new planning decisions to mitigate the hydrological risks that could result from this situation.

关键词： Land Use and Land Cover Dynamics Watershed Kimemi River Butembo

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Assessment of Land Use and Land Cover Changes (LULC) in the North Talihya River Watershed (Lubero Territory, Eastern DR Congo)

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2023年第1期11卷 189-210页

作者： Moïse Musubao Kapiri Jonathan Ahadi Mahamba Gloire Kayitoghera Mulondi walere muhindo sahani Laboratory of Ecology Geomorphology and Geomatics (LEGG) Butembo Democratic Republic of the Congo Department of Water and Forests Faculty of Agronomic Sciences Université Catholique du Graben (UCG) Butembo Democratic Republic of the Congo

On the Equator, the Talihya North watershed is a vast area of nearly 581.7 km2 that extends from the Cool Highlands on the Congo-Nile Crest in Lubero Territory to the Rift Valley in the Virunga National Park in Beni Territory. This vast territory has an agropastoral vocation. Indeed, agricultural activities combined with the high population density in this watershed generate modifications in the landscape structure. The objective of this paper is to study the dynamics of land use from 1987 to 2020. To achieve this, two Landsat TM+ and ETM+ images and one Sentinel-2 image were analyzed. After the classification of the images based on the Maximum Likelihood algorithm, this study shows that two processes are evident in the landscape of the North Talihya watershed: deforestation and savannization. Forests that occupied 253.11 km2 in 1987 have decreased to 201.12 km2 in 2001 and to 123.04 km2 in 2020. These area balances indicate that the natural forest formations in the North Talihya watershed have been converted primarily to croplands and fallows. The estimated annual deforestation rate between 1987 and 2020 is 2.18%. With this high rate of deforestation, mechanisms to restore degraded forest ecosystems in this watershed will need to be put in place. The sustainable management of residual forest ecosystems that have escaped human pressure is necessary for the conservation of biodiversity for future generations.

关键词： Landscape Deforestation Savannization Cool Highlands Congo-Nile Crest

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