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Machine Intelligence Research 2023年第3期20卷 318-334页

作者： wai-chung kwan Hong-Ru Wang Hui-Min Wang Kam-Fai Wong The Systems Engineering and Engineering Management Department The Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong 999077China

Dialogue policy learning(DPL)is a key component in a task-oriented dialogue(TOD)*** goal is to decide the next action of the dialogue system,given the dialogue state at each turn based on a learned dialogue *** learning(RL)is widely used to optimize this dialogue *** the learning process,the user is regarded as the environment and the system as the *** this paper,we present an overview of the recent advances and challenges in dialogue policy from the perspective of *** specifically,we identify the problems and summarize corresponding solutions for RL-based dialogue policy *** addition,we provide a comprehensive survey of applying RL to DPL by categorizing recent methods into five basic elements in *** believe this survey can shed light on future research in DPL.

关键词： Dialogue policy learning(DPL) task-oriented dialogue system(TOD) reinforcement learning(RL) dialogue system Markov decision process

Autocompletion of repetitive stroking with image guidance

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Computational Visual Media 2023年第3期9卷 581-596页

作者： Yilan Chen Kin chung kwan Hongbo Fu School of Creative Media City University of Hong KongTat Chee AvenueKowloonHong Kong SARChina University of Konstanz University Street 1078464 KonstanzGermany

Image-guided drawing can compensate for a lack of skill but often requires a significant number of repetitive strokes to create *** automatic stroke synthesis methods are usually limited to predefined styles or require indirect manipulation that may break the spontaneous flow of *** present an assisted drawing system to autocomplete repetitive short strokes during a user's normal drawing *** draw over a reference image as usual;at the same time,our system silently analyzes the input strokes and the reference to infer strokes that follow the user's input style when certain repetition is *** can accept,modify,or ignore the system's predictions and continue drawing,thus maintaining fluid control over *** key idea is to jointly analyze image regions and user input history to detect and predict *** proposed system can effectively reduce the user's workload when drawing repetitive short strokes,helping users to create results with rich patterns.

关键词： interaction autocompletion digital drawing prediction texture synthesis

Role of Intrahepatic Regional Immunity in Post-Transplant Cancer Recurrence

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Engineering 2022年第3期8卷 57-64页

作者： Jiang Liu chung Mau Lo kwan Man Hepatopancreatobiliary Center Beijing Tsinghua Changgung HospitalTsinghua UniversityBeijing 102218China Department of Surgery HKU-Shenzhen Hospital&LKS Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong Kong 999077China

Hepatic malignancy is a major indication for liver transplantation;however,post-tra ns plant cancer recurrence is an emerging clinical challenge affecting long-term ***-tra ns plant tumor biology,staging,and post-transplant immunosuppression regimens have been elucidated as risk factors for recurrent liver ***,increasing evidence indicates that hepatic ischemia and reperfusion(IR)injury to allografts are crucial to providing a favorable immunologic microenvironment for cancer cell invasiveness and metastasis after liver *** association of severe graft injury in marginal grafts,such as small-for-size or fatty grafts,with lower recurrence-free survival rates in living donor liver transplantations,substantiates the correlation between hepatic IR injury and cancer *** has been demonstrated to trigger intrahepatic immunological microenvironment remodeling,including pro-inflammatory responses exacerbating graft injury and anti-inflammatory responses promoting tissue ***,the role of regional immunity in post-transplant cancer recurrence is not comprehensively *** review describes the up-to-date evidence of the intrahepatic humoral microenvironment and regional regulatory immunological microenvironment induced by IR injury,as well as their roles in cancer recurrence after liver transplantation.A comprehensive understanding of regional immunity will provide novel precise diagnostic,therapeutic,and prognostic strategies for post-transplant cancer recurrence.

关键词： Liver transplantation Liver cancer Recurrence Immunology

Monday blues of deceased-donor liver transplantation

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2011年第1期10卷 26-29页

作者： See Ching Chan Wing Chiu Dai chung Mau Lo Banny Lam Yuen Man kwan wai Yi Ho Sheung Tat Fan Department of Surgery Queen Mary HospitalThe University of Hong Kong

BACKGROUND:There is a constant and global shortage of deceased-donor organs for *** to identify areas for securing potential deceased-donor organs may improve the supply and hence benefit more patients in need of transplantation. METHODS:We looked into the disparity of the number of deceased-donor liver transplantation(DDLT)performed at our hospital on different days of the weeks from January 2000 to the end of December 2009(237 DDLTs).The number of DDLT performed on each day was compared with the other days of the week. RESULTS:It was apparent that there were fewer DDLTs on Mondays,as shown by the numbers of DDLT performed on different days of the week in an ascending order:Monday 18(7.6%),Sunday 30(12.7%),Thursday 34(14.3%),Friday 36(15.2%),Wednesday 38(16.0%),Tuesday 40(16.9%), and Saturday 41(17.3%).The difference reached statistical significance when Monday was compared with Tuesday (P=0.019),Wednesday(P=0.010),Friday(P=0.021),and Saturday(P=0.007).It was twice as unlikely a DDLT would be performed on Monday as compared with other *** a trend did not change even with an increase in the number of deceased-donor liver grafts in the last *** consent to donation was obtained from the donor family the day before DDLT,fewer consents were thus obtained on ***:These findings suggested that deceased-donor organ donation activities were less active on Sundays and could be *** further raises the concern of possible wastage of potential cases of organ donation.

关键词： deceased-donor liver transplantation graft shortage organ donation

Bevacizumab for neovascular age-related macular degeneration in Chinese patients in a clinical setting

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2016年第3期9卷 424-430页

作者： Danny Siu-Chun Ng Alvin kwan-Ho Kwok Justin Man-Kit Tong Clement wai-Nang Chan Walton wai-Tat Li Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences the Chinese University of Hong Kong Department of Ophthalmology Hong Kong Sanatorium and Hospital Department of Ophthalmology United Christian Hospital

AIM：To determine the outcome of non-investigational treatment with intravitreal bevacizumab（IVB） in neovascular age-related macular degeneration（AMD）patients.· METHODS：Retrospective chart review of 81 eyes with neovascular AMD followed-up for at least 12 mo and received 3-monthly loading IVB ***-treat was based upon the individual clinician＇s *** visual acuity（BCVA） and optical coherence tomography measurements of central foveal thickness outcomes were evaluated at 12,24 mo.· RESULTS：Eighty-one eyes（of 75 patients） completed12 mo of follow-up and 44 eyes（of 41 patients） completed24 mo of *** mean baseline logMAR BCVA significantly improved from 0.94±0.69 to 0.85±0.68 at12mo（P〈0.001） and from 0.91±0.65 to 0.85±0.60（P=0.004）at 24 *** proportion of eyes that lost 〈15 logMAR letters at 12 mo was 90.1%and at 24 mo was 81.8%.IVB was effective in improving visual acuity in both treatment naive and previous photodynamic therapy（PDT）-treated *** naive patients required significantly fewer injections than patients with prior *** regression analysis identified that poorer baseline visual acuity was associated with greater improvement in visual acuity（P=0.015）.· CONCLUSION：Fewer injections in clinical practice may result in suboptimal visual outcomes compared with clinical trials of IVB in neovascular AMD *** baseline visual acuity and prior PDT treatment may also improve vision after *** safety and durability of effect was maintained at 24 mo.

关键词： bcvacizumab age-related maculardegeneration Chinese

Intravenous fluid selection rationales in acute clinical management

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World Journal of Emergency Medicine 2018年第1期9卷 13-19页

作者： Wing Yan Shirley Cheung wai kwan Cheung Chun Ho Lam Yeuk wai Chan Hau Ching Chow Ka Lok Cheng Yau Hang Wong Chak Wah Kam Accident and Emergency Department Tuen Mun Hospital

BACKGROUND: Intravenous fluid(IVF) is commonly used in acute clinical management. This study aimed to review the choice and primary considerations in IVF prescriptions and to evaluate the adequacy of guidelines and trainings on it in the New Territories West Cluster(NTWC) of Hong ***: This is a descriptive study based on data collected from an online survey. Data were processed by SPSS for statistical analysis. This study focused on a general description and doctor-nurse between group comparison. Participants were asked the choice of IVF for nine acute clinical scenarios and provide reason. A 1–10 scale was used to assess the sufficiency of guideline, training and information, and time for revision on IVF ***: 0.9% sodium chloride was the most familiar IVF(36%), followed by 5% Dextrose solution(26%). In the nine scenarios, the most chosen IVF was 0.9% sodium chloride(37%–61%). There was significant difference in the choice of IVF between doctors and nurses in 7 cases. The second most chosen IVF for doctors was Plasma-Lyte A while that for nurses was Gelofusine. Departmental practice was the most chosen reason to account for the prescription. The adequacy of guideline, information and training, and time for revision was rated 5. Doctors had significantly more time at work than nurses to update knowledge in IVF prescription(5.41 versus 4.57).CONCLUSION: 0.9% sodium chloride was mostly chosen. The choice of IVF was mainly based on departmental practice. Adequacy of guideline, information and training, and time for revision on IVF prescription were average, indicating significant training deficit.

关键词： Intravenous fluid Acute care Resuscitation

The dual effects of ethylene on the negative gravicurvature of arabidopsis inflorescence, an intriguing action model for the plant hormone ethylene

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2001年第4期46卷 279-283页

作者： LU Bingwen PEI Lai kwan CHAN wai-Kin ZHANG Hong ZHU Guang LI Jiayang LI Ning Department of Biology The Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyClear Water BayKowloonHong Kong SARChina Department of Mathematics The Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyClear Water BayKowloonHong Kong SARChina Department of Biochemistry The Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyClear Water BayKowloonHong Kong SARChina Institute of Genetics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China

Ethylene was found to alter the shoot gravitropic response a century ago. However, its actual effects remained controversial over the century. In the present study, we investigated the effects of ethylene on the gravitropic response of Arabidopsis inflorescence and discovered that although the intact Arabidopsis inflorescence bent upward at the rate of 43° ±3°/h in the first 1.5 h under the given control growth conditions, it bent upward at a rate of 20°±3° and 64°±14°/h in the presence of exogenous ethylene if the plants were pretreated for 0.5 and 12 h, respectively, before the initiation of gravistimulation. The increase in gravicur-vature rate is proportional to the length of ethylene pre-treatment. The minimum ethylene pretreatment time required for achieving the maximum curvature rate is 10 -11 h with removal of exogenous ethylene. The stimulatory effect of ethylene on the inflorescence gravicurvature requires a latent period of time (1h) to become measurable. In contrast, the inhibitory

关键词： ethylene negative gravitropism inflorescence Arabidop-sis dual effects Yin and Yang hormonal action.

Transcanal endoscopic assisted skull base endolymphatic sac tumor resection: A rare disease with advanced technology

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Journal of Otology 2020年第1期15卷 1-5页

作者： wai Tsz Chang Ka Yue Tam Hung Yao kwan Ho Chow Michael Chi Fai Tong Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgerythe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong Department of Pathology Princess Margaret HospitalHong Kong Department of Neurosurgery Princess Margaret HospitalHong Kong

Endolymphatic sac tumors(ELSTs) are rare, papillary adenomatous tumors that arise from the endothelium of the endolymphatic sac. We demonstrate a difficult case of endolymphatic sac tumor and how it is managed via transcanal endoscopic assisted technique, with discussion of feasibility of transcanal approach to lateral skull base tumor.

关键词： Endolymphatic sac Lateral skull base Transcanal endoscopic assisted technique Transcanal combined endoscopic microscopic approach

Learning of medical pharmacology via innovation:a personal experience at McMaster and in Asia

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Acta Pharmacologica Sinica 2004年第9期25卷 84-92页

作者： Chiu-yin kwan Canada Department of Medicine HSC-4N40 Faculty of Health Sciences Hamilton L8N 3Z5 McMaster University Ontario

Pharmacology in the traditional medical curriculum has been treated as a discrete "preclinical" discipline identifying itself distinctly different from the other preclinical sciences or clinical subjects in knowledge base as well as learning/teaching instructions. It is usually run in series with other pre-clinical courses (eg, anatomy, biochemistry, physiology etc), but in parallel with other paraclinical courses such as pathology, microbiology and community medicine. Clinical pharmacology was only introduced relatively recently designed to overcome the perceived deficiency in "preclinical" pharmacology regarding its therapeutic relevance and application to medicine. In many universities, both preclinical and clinical pharmacology courses co-exist, usually independently offered by two separate, sometimes non-interacting Departments of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology. In this model, pharmacology is generally taught in a teacher-centered, discipline-oriented, and knowledge-based curriculum. Further

关键词： problem-based learning pharmacology medical education self-directed learning small group tutorial

Petrology and geochemistry at the Lower zone-Middle zone transition of the Panzhihua intrusion,SW China:Implications for differentiation and oxide ore genesis

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Geoscience Frontiers 2013年第5期4卷 517-533页

作者： kwan-Nang Pang Mei-Fu Zhou Liang Qi Sun-Lin chung Chiu-Hong Chu Hao-Yang Lee Department of Geosciences National Taiwan University Department of Earth Sciences The University of Hong Kong Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences

A sequence of gabbros showing isotropic,layered and fine-grained textures is exposed in the Nalaqing mine at the southern tip of the～260 Ma Panzhihua intrusion,SW *** field relations,structure,texture and mineralogy of the rocks indicate that the sequence represents the transition between the Lower zone and Middle zone of the *** gabbros characteristic of the Lower zone pass upward to layered gabbros of the Middle zone through a～5 m-thick microgabbro sheet,within and close to which small-scaled, concordant Fe-Ti oxide ore horizons are *** fractionation between HFSE and REE in a subset of samples is ascribed to cumulus titanomagnetite into which HFSE are preferentially incorporated over REE,as reflected in the parallel relations between Nb/La,Hf/Sm and Ti/Ti＊.Both the isotropic and layered gabbros display cumulate textures and have similar mineral compositions（Mg# of clinopyroxene =～76-79 and An59-61）,isotopic compositions[（87Sr/86Sr）i = 0.7044-0.7045 andεNd（t） = ＋2.4 to ＋3.9]and trapped liquid contents inferred from Zr abundance（～17-34 ppm）.However,there are substantial variations in elemental abundances（V,Cr and PGE） and ratios（Ti/V,La/Yb,Ba/Y and Cu/Pd） between the two types of gabbros,features that cannot be explained by cumulate formation from a common magma in a closed *** microgabbros generally resemble high-Ti Emeishan basalts in major element compositions,but their low trace element abundances indicate some lost of residual liquid is inevitable despite rapid nucleation and *** with available data and observations,we propose a model involving in-situ crystallization,followed by magma recharge and closed-system fractionation to explain the formation of texturally distinctive gabbros at Nalaqing and the evolution of the lower part of the Panzhihua intrusion.

关键词： Fe-Ti oxides Layered intrusion Microgabbro Panzhihua Emeishan