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Root Morphology and Anatomy Affect Cadmium Translocation and Accumulation in Rice

Rice science 2021年第6期28卷 594-604,I0049-I0052页

作者： XIAO Anwen CHEN Danting li wai Chin YE Zhihong School of life Sciences Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510006China Department of Science and Environmental Studies The Education University of Hong Kong999077 Hong KongChina

Paddy fields contaminated with cadmium(Cd)present decreased grain yield and produce Cckcontaminated *** for low-Cd-accumulating cultivars is a useful method to reduce the amount of Cd in the *** present study aimed to examine the roles of the root morphology and an atomy in Cd tran slocati on and accumulati on in rice ***・two rice cultivars were used in the first experiment,after which two cultivars[Zixiangnuo(ZXN)and Jinyou T36(JYT36)]were selected and used in subsequent experiments under hydroponic *** results showed that there were significant differences in Cd concentrations in the shoots(ranging from 4 to 100 mg/kg)and the Cd translocation rates(shoot/root)(from 7%to 102%)among the 22 cultivars,and the shoot Cd concentration was significantly correlated with the Cd translocation rate of the 22 cultivars under 0.1 mg/L Cd *** with cultivar ZXN,JYT36 had greater root Cd uptake and accumulation but lower shoot Cd accumulation and Cd translocation *** number of root tips per surface area of cultivar ZXN was greater than that of JYT36,while the average root diameter was lower than that of *** with ZXN,JYT36 had stronger apoplastic barriers,and the Casparian bands and suberin lamellae in the root endodermis and exodermis were closer to the root apex in both the control and Cd treatments,especially for suberin lamellae in the root exodermis with Cd treatments,with a differenee of 25 *** results also showed that,compared with ZXN,JYT36 had greater percentages of Cd bound in cell walls and intracellular Cd but lower Cd concentrations in the apoplastic fluid under the Cd *** results suggested that Cd translocation,rather than root Cd uptake,is a key process that determi nes Cd accumulati on in the rice *** root morphological and an atomical characteristics evidently affect Cd accumulation in the shoots by inhibiting Cd translocation,especially via the apoplastic *** was pos

关键词： apoplastic pathway Cd stress Cd translocation Cd accumulation rice root morphology and an atomy

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Effects of root morphology and anatomy on cadmium uptake and translocation in rice(Oryza sativa L.)

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2019年第1期31卷 296-306页

作者： Lu Huang wai Chin li Nora Fung Yee Tam Zhihong Ye School of life Sciences Sun Yat-sen University Department of Science and Environmental Studies The Education University of Hong Kong State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution and Department of Chemistry City University of Hong Kong

A clear description of the certain mechanisms of cadmium(Cd) uptake and translocation in rice(Oryza sativa L.) may help to reduce Cd accumulation in rice grain. Hydroponic experiments were carried out to determine the effects of cultivation conditions(aerated and stagnant) on the uptake, translocation and subcellular distribution of Cd in relation to the morphology and anatomy of roots in two rice genotypes with different Cd accumulations in grains. Marked differences in morphology and anatomy were observed between these two genotypes under different cultivation conditions. Genotypes with low Cd accumulation in grains tended to develop fewer root tips per root surface area, larger root porosity and more mature apoplastic barriers. The stagnant cultivation condition decreased the number of root tips per root surface area but increased root porosity and accelerated apoplastic barrier formation in root *** Cd uptake studies revealed that rice plants with fewer number of root tips per root surface area reduced root Cd uptake ability, while mature apoplastic barriers increased root Cd retention in cell walls and the symplast. Thus, the fewer number of root tips per root surface area and the earlier formation of mature apoplastic barriers led to lower Cd uptake and translocation. The results indicated that the morphology and anatomy of roots could play important roles in Cd uptake and translocation in rice, and could be influenced by both genotype and cultivation conditions. The present results would be useful in screening and planting rice plants with low Cd accumulation.

关键词： Apoplastic barriers Cadmium Rice Root morphology

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A Nonparametric and Semiparametric Analysis on Inequality and Development: Evidence from OECD and Non-OECD Countries

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Economic and Political Studies 2013年第2期1卷 55-79页

作者： KUI-wai li XIANBO ZHOU City University of Hong Kong lingnan College Sun Yat-sen University

This paper studies the income inequality and economic development relationship by using unbalanced panel data of OECD and non-OECD countries(regions)for the period *** nonparametric estimation results show that income inequality in OECD countries is almost on the backside of the inverted-U relationship,while non-OECD countries are approximately on the foreside,except that the relationship in both country groups shows an upturn at a high level of *** has an indirect effect on inequality through control variables,but the modes are different in the two country *** model specification tests show that the relationship is not necessarily captured by the conventional quadratic *** cubic and fourthdegree polynomials,respectively,fit the OECD and non-OECD country groups *** finding is robust regardless of whether the specification uses control *** plays a dominant role in mitigating inequality.

关键词： Kuznets inverted-U nonparametric and semiparametric models unbalanced panel data

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Local interests meet global regime:China’s subnational politics in clean development mechanism of Kyoto Protocol

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Economic and Political Studies 2016年第3期4卷 258-277页

作者： Bo Miao Yu-wai Vic li Department of Asian and International Studies City University of Hong KongHong KongChina Department of Social Sciences The Education University of Hong KongChina

As the Kyoto Protocol enters its second commitment phase,local states are adapting to the new *** analysis of the responses of three provincial authorities(Guangdong,Zhejiang and Shanghai)demonstrates that local authorities of China have sought project development that offers capital and technological transfers from Annexe 1 parties made possible by the Clean Development Mechanism(CDM),one of the flexibility mechanisms of the global climate *** from offering technical advisory and assistance to interested firms,extending fiscal incentives and regulatory supports and leveraging their connections with central counterparts and international partners to facilitate the local market development,Guangdong and Shanghai have also been proactively responding to the changing market and policy outlook of the CDM framework,piloting carbon emissions reduction strategies at the local level to foster their *** affirm the relevance of local interests and help complete our understanding of the subnational dynamics underlying the global climate regime.

关键词： Kyoto Protocol China climate change environment local governments

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Arsenic Accumulation in Rice:Sources,Human Health Impact and Probable Mitigation Approaches

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Rice science 2022年第4期29卷 309-327页

作者： Md ROKONUZZAMAN li wai Chin MAN Yu Bon TSANG Yiu Fai YE Zhihong Department of Science and Environmental Studies the Education University of Hong KongHong Kong 999077China School of life Sciences Sun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhou 510006China

The human body loading with arsenic(As)through rice consumption is a global health *** is a crucial need to limit As build-up in rice,either by remediating As accumulation in soils or reducing As levels in irrigation *** conventional approaches have been utilized to alleviate the As accumulation in ***,except for some irrigation practices,those approaches success and the adoption rate are not *** review presents human health risks posed due to consumption of As contaminated rice,evaluates different biomarkers for tracing As loading in the human body,and discusses the latest advancement in As reducing technologies emphasizing the application of seed priming,nanotechnology,and biochar application for limiting As loading in rice *** also evaluate different irrigation techniques to reduce As accumulation in *** water management regimes significantly reduces grain As ***-and nano-priming of rice seeds improve germination and minimize As translocation in rice tissues by protecting cell membrane,building pool around seed coat,methylation and volatilization,or quenching harmful effects of reactive oxygen *** application in the form of nano-adsorbents or nano-fertilizers facilitates nano-remediation of As through the formation of Fe plaque or sorption or oxidation *** biochar in the rice fields significantly reduces As through immobilization,physical adsorption,or surface *** conclusion,As content in cooked rice depends on irrigation source and raw rice As level.

关键词： arsenic rice scalp hair irrigation management seed priming nanotechnology biochar human health

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hale gas reservoir modeling and production evaluation considering complex gas transport mechanisms and dispersed distribution of kerogen

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Petroleum Science 2021年第1期18卷 195-218页

作者： Jie Zeng Jishan liu wai li Yee-Kwong Leong Derek Elsworth Jianchun Guo School of Engineering The University of Western Australia35 Stirling HighwayPerthWA 6009Australia Department of Energy and Mineral Engineering G3 Center and Energy InstituteThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPA 16802USA State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation Southwest Petroleum UniversityChengdu 610500China

Stimulated shale reservoirs consist of kerogen,inorganic matter,secondary and hydraulic *** dispersed distribution of kerogen within matrices and complex gas flow mechanisms make production evaluation *** we establish an analytical method that addresses kerogen-inorganic matter gas transfer,dispersed kerogen distribution,and complex gas flow mechanisms to facilitate evaluating gas *** matrix element is defined as a kerogen core with an exterior inorganic *** most previous models,we merely use boundary conditions to describe kerogen-inorganic matter gas transfer without the instantaneous kerogen gas source *** is closer to real inter-porosity flow conditions between kerogen and inorganic *** diffusion,surface diffusion,adsorption/desorption,and slip corrected flow are involved in matrix gas ***-fracture coupling is realized by using a seven-region linear flow *** model is verified against a published model and field *** reveal that inorganic matrices serve as a major gas source especially at early *** provides limited contributions to production even under a pseudo-steady *** properties’influence starts from the late matrix-fracture inter-porosity flow regime,while inorganic matter properties control almost all flow regimes except the early-mid time fracture linear flow *** contribution of different linear flow regions is also documented.

关键词： Analytical solution Shale gas reservoir Well performance Kerogen and inorganic matter

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Remediation of arsenic-contaminated paddy field by a new iron oxidizing strain(Ochrobactrum sp.)and iron-modified biochar

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2022年第5期34卷 411-421页

作者： Kaikai Wu Chuan Wu Xingxing Jiang Rui Xue Weisong Pan wai-Chin li Xinghua Luo Shengguo Xue School of Metallurgy and Environment Central South UniversityChangsha 410083China Department of Science and Environmental Studies The Education University of Hong KongAdministrative RegionHong KongChina College of Environmental Sciences Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu 611130China College of Bioscience and Biotechnology Hunan Agricultural UniversityChangsha 410125China

Iron-oxidizing strain(FeOB)and iron modified biochars have been shown arsenic(As)reme-diation ability in the ***,due to the complicated soil environment,few field experiment has been *** study was conducted to investigate the potential of iron modified biochar(BC-FeOS)and biomineralization by a new found FeOB to remediate As-contaminated paddy *** with the control,the As contents of G_(B)(BC-FeOS),G_(F)(FeOB),G_(FN)(FeOB and nitrogen fertilizer),G_(BF)(BC-FeOS and FeOB)and G_(BFN)(BC-FeOS,FeOB and nitrogen fertilizer)treatments in pore water decreased by 36.53%-80.03%and the microbial richness of iron-oxidizing bacteria in these treatments increased in soils at the rice maturation *** concentrations of available As of G_(B),G_(F),G_(FN),G_(BF) and G_(BFN) at the tillering stage were significantly decreased by 10.78%-55.48%.The concentrations of non-specifically absorbed and specifically absorbed As fractions of G_(B),G_(F),G_(FN),G_(BF) and G_(BFN) in soils were decreased and the amorphous and poorly crystalline hydrated Fe and Al oxidebound fraction was ***,the As contents of G_(B),G_(F),G_(FN),G_(BF) and G_(BFN) in rice grains were significantly decreased(*Plimit of the National Standard for Food Safety(GB 2762-2017).Compared with the other treatments,G_(BFN) showed the greatest potential for the effective remediation of As-contaminated paddy fields.

关键词： Arsenic Iron-modified biochar Iron-oxidizing strain Field experiment

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Bevacizumab for neovascular age-related macular degeneration in Chinese patients in a clinical setting

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2016年第3期9卷 424-430页

作者： Danny Siu-Chun Ng Alvin Kwan-Ho Kwok Justin Man-Kit Tong Clement wai-Nang Chan Walton wai-Tat li Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences the Chinese University of Hong Kong Department of Ophthalmology Hong Kong Sanatorium and Hospital Department of Ophthalmology United Christian Hospital

AIM：To determine the outcome of non-investigational treatment with intravitreal bevacizumab（IVB） in neovascular age-related macular degeneration（AMD）patients.· METHODS：Retrospective chart review of 81 eyes with neovascular AMD followed-up for at least 12 mo and received 3-monthly loading IVB ***-treat was based upon the individual clinician＇s *** visual acuity（BCVA） and optical coherence tomography measurements of central foveal thickness outcomes were evaluated at 12,24 mo.· RESULTS：Eighty-one eyes（of 75 patients） completed12 mo of follow-up and 44 eyes（of 41 patients） completed24 mo of *** mean baseline logMAR BCVA significantly improved from 0.94±0.69 to 0.85±0.68 at12mo（P〈0.001） and from 0.91±0.65 to 0.85±0.60（P=0.004）at 24 *** proportion of eyes that lost 〈15 logMAR letters at 12 mo was 90.1%and at 24 mo was 81.8%.IVB was effective in improving visual acuity in both treatment naive and previous photodynamic therapy（PDT）-treated *** naive patients required significantly fewer injections than patients with prior *** regression analysis identified that poorer baseline visual acuity was associated with greater improvement in visual acuity（P=0.015）.· CONCLUSION：Fewer injections in clinical practice may result in suboptimal visual outcomes compared with clinical trials of IVB in neovascular AMD *** baseline visual acuity and prior PDT treatment may also improve vision after *** safety and durability of effect was maintained at 24 mo.

关键词： bcvacizumab age-related maculardegeneration Chinese

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Continuous flow synthesis of PbS/CdS quantum dots using substituted thioureas

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Nano Research 2024年第12期17卷 10677-10684页

作者： Pierre Machut Anna Karina Antonini Céline Rivaux Marina Gromova Harinderbir Kaur wai li ling Gabriel Mugny Peter Reiss STMicroelectronics Grenoble 12 Rue Jules HorowitzGrenoble 38019France Univ.Grenoble Alpes CEA GrenobleCNRSGrenoble INPIRIG/SyMMES/STEPGrenoble 38000France Univ.Grenoble Alpes CEA Grenoble/IRIG/MEMGrenoble 38000France Univ.Grenoble Alpes CEACNRSIBSGrenoble 38000France

To enhance the reproducibility and scale up the synthesis of colloidal quantum dots(QDs),continuous flow synthesis is an appealing alternative to the widely used batch *** other advantages,the strongly enhanced heat and mass transfer in small tubular reactors combined with controlled pressure can be ***,the widespread use of this technique is hampered by special requirements such as the absence of solid or gaseous products and the room-temperature solubility of ***,the transfer of established reaction conditions from batch to flow is not straightforward and in most reported works the optical properties of the obtained QDs lag behind those prepared in batch *** is also the case for PbS-based QDs,which are established near infrared(NIR)absorbers/*** we identified experimental conditions giving access to high-quality PbS core and PbS/CdS core/shell QDs obtained in an automated,easily scalable continuous flow *** particular,substituted thioureas have been selected as the sulfur source and ex-situ synthesized lead and cadmium oleate as the metal precursors,and appropriate solvent mixtures have been identified for each *** luminescent PbS/CdS QDs emitting at the target wavelengths 940 and 1130 nm of special interest for NIR light-emitting diodes have been prepared,exhibiting a photoluminescence quantum yield up to 91%.

关键词： quantum dots continuous flow synthesis thioureas PbS/CdS core/shell nanocrystals quantum dots based light-emittingdiodes(QLEDs)

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Exploratory use of ultrasound to determine whether demyelination following carpal tunnel syndrome co-exists with axonal degeneration

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Neural Regeneration Research 2018年第2期13卷 317-323页

作者： Xue Deng Lai-Heung Phoebe Chau Suk-Yee Chiu Kwok-Pui Leung Sheung-wai li Wing-Yuk Ip Department of Orthopedics & Traumatology The University of Hong Kong Clinical Electro-diagnostic Unit Tung Wah Hospital Department of Medicine The University of Hong Kong

Carpal tunnel syndrome （CTS） accompanied by secondary axonal degeneration cannot be clearly dis- criminated using the current cross-validated ultrasound severity classification system. This study aimed at exploring cut-off values of ultrasound parameters, including wrist cross-sectional area （W-CSA）, wrist perimeter （W-P）, ratio of cross-sectional area （R-CSA） and perimeter （R-P）, changes of CSA and P from wrist to one third distal forearm （△CSA＆AP） for differentiation. Seventy-three patients （13 male and 60 female） were assigned into group A （demyelination only, n = 40） and group B （demyelination with secondary axonal degeneration, n = 33） based on the outcomes of nerve conduction studies （NCS）. Receiver Operative Characteristics （ROC） curves were plotted to obtain sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of cut- off values for all the ultrasound parameters. The overall identified cut-off values （W-CSA 12.0 mm2, W-P 16.27 mm, R-CSA 1.85, R-P 1.48, △CSA 6.98 mm2, △P 5.77 mm） had good sensitivity （77.1-88.6%）, fair specificity （40-62.2%） and fair-to-good accuracy （0.676-0.758）. There were also significant differences in demographics （age and severity gradation, P 〈 0.001）, NCS findings （wrist motor latency and conduction velocity, P 〈 0.0001; wrist motor amplitude, P 〈 0.05; distal sensory latency, P 〈 0.05; sensory amplitude, P 〈 0.001） and ultrasound measurements （W-CSA, W-P, R-CSA, R-P, △CSA＆△P, P 〈 0.05） between groups. These findings suggest that ultrasound can be potentially used to differentiate demyelinating CTS with sec- ondary axonal degeneration and provide better treatment guidance.

关键词： carpal tunnel syndrome nerve conduction studies ultrasound receiver operating characteristic curve peripheral nerve compression injury ultrasonography neural conduction axonal degeneration neural regeneration

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