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Application of PCR and real-time PCR for monitoring cyanobacteria, Microcystis spp. and Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii in Macao freshwater reservoir

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Frontiers of Earth Science 2014年第2期8卷 291-301页

作者： Weiying ZHANG Inchio LOU wai kin UNG Yijun KONG Kai Meng MOK Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty of Science and Technology University of Macao Macao SAR China Laboratory & Research Center Macao Water Co. Ltd. Macao SAR China

Freshwater algal blooms have become a growing concern world-wide. They are caused by a high level ofcyanobacteria, predominantly Microcystis spp. and Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii, which can produce microcystin and cylindrospermopsin, respectively. Longtime exposure to these cyanotoxins may affect public health, thus reliable detection, quantification, and enumeration of these harmful algae species has become a priority in water quality management. Traditional manual enumeration of algal bloom cells primarily involves microscopic identification which limited by inaccuracy and time-consumption. With the development of molecular techniques and an increasing number of microbial sequences available in the Genbank database, the use of molecular methods can be used for more rapid, reliable, and accurate detection and quantification. In this study, multiplex polymerase chain reaction （PCR） and real-time quantitative PCR （qPCR） techniques were developed and applied for monitoring cyanobacteria Microcystis spp. and C. raciborskii in the Macao Storage Reservoir （MSR）. The results showed that the techniques were successful for identifying and quantifying the species in pure cultures and mixed cultures, and proved to be a potential application for water sampling in MSR. When the target species were above 1 million cells/L, similar cell numbers estimated by microscopic enumeration and qPCR were obtained. Further quantification in water samples indicated that the ratio of the estimated number of cell by microscopy and qPCR was 0.4-12.9 for cyanobacteria and 0.2-3.9 for C. raciborskii. However, Microcystis spp. was not observed by manual enumeration, while it was detected at low levels by qPCR, suggesting that qPCR is more sensitive and accurate. Thus the molecular approaches provide an additional reliable monitoring option to traditional micro- scopic enumeration for the ecosystems monitoring program.

关键词： cyanobacteria Microcystis spp. C. racibors-kii microscopy PCR and real-time PCR

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Long-Term Trends in Pre-Summer Daytime and Nocturnal Extreme Hourly Rainfall in a Coastal City of South China

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Journal of Tropical Meteorology 2023年第1期29卷 39-54页

作者：苏琳李俊鲁黄伟健冯志雄 School of Atmospheric Sciences Sun Yat-sen Universityand Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Zhuhai)ZhuhaiGuangdong 519082 China Key Laboratory of Tropical Atmospheric-Ocean System Ministry of EducationZhuhaiGuangdong 519082 China Earth OceanAtmosphere Sciences ThrustThe Hong Kong University of Science and Technology(Guangzhou):Guangzhou 511453 China Hong Kong Observatory Hong Kong Special Administrative Region(SAR)China Division of Environment and Sustainability The Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyHong Kong SARChina Department of Mathematics The Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyHong Kong SARChina

The long-term trends in the occurrence frequency of pre-summer daytime and nocturnal extreme hourly rainfall(EXHR) during 1988-2018 in Hong Kong and their spatial distributions are examined and analyzed. Despite a significant increasing trend observed in the occurrence frequency of pre-summer EXHRs during the investigated period,the increase in daytime and nocturnal EXHRs show distinct spatial patterns. Nocturnal EXHRs show uniform increasing trends over the entire Hong Kong. However, the increase in daytime EXHRs is concentrated over the northern or eastern areas of Hong Kong, indicating a downstream shift of pre-summer EXHRs in Hong Kong with regard to the prevailing southwesterly monsoonal flows in south China. The clustering of weather types associated with daytime and nocturnal EXHRs further reveals that the increase in EXHRs over Hong Kong are mainly contributed by the increase of the events associated with southwesterly monsoonal flows with relatively high speeds. During the past few decades, the southwesterly monsoonal flows at coastal south China have undergone a substantial weakening due to the increased surface roughness induced by the urbanization over the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area since 1990s,leading to enhanced low-level convergence and thus significant increase in EXHRs at coastal south China. Meanwhile,daytime sea-wind circulation at coastal south China is markedly enhanced during the investigated period, which is the main reason for the northward shift of daytime EXHRs in Hong Kong. In addition, the blocked southwesterly monsoonal flows at coastal south China are detoured eastward, leading to stronger convergence and increase in EXHRs at eastern coast of Hong Kong, especially during daytime, when the easterly sea winds prevail at the region.

关键词： extreme hourly rainfall diurnal rainfall cycle linear trend coastal Pearl River Delta

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ON MANAGERIAL DECISION PROBLEM OF THE AUCTION SITES*

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Journal of Systems Science & Complexity 2006年第3期19卷 340-351页

作者： kin Keung lai Jun MA Shouyang WANG Department of Management Sciences City University of Hong KongTat Chee AuenueKowloonHong Kong School of Business University of International Business and EconomicsBeijing 100029China Institute of Systems Science Academy of Mathematics and Systems ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100080China

这篇论文学习拍卖地点的一个经理的决定问题：怎么把惩罚与委员会相结合？它被看那什么时候在那里存在第二等的拍卖市场，其惩罚是卖主的委员会的线性功能的拍卖将是比有仅仅委员会而是没有惩罚的拍卖更有效的。因为卖主，拍卖地点和他... 详细信息

这篇论文学习拍卖地点的一个经理的决定问题：怎么把惩罚与委员会相结合？它被看那什么时候在那里存在第二等的拍卖市场，其惩罚是卖主的委员会的线性功能的拍卖将是比有仅仅委员会而是没有惩罚的拍卖更有效的。因为卖主，拍卖地点和他们的总数期望收入，使用这策略才能最大化期望的收入。

关键词：拍卖行委托拍卖二级市场行政决定

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Retailers’ Order Strategies in Transshipments in Disruption Risks of Supply Chains

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Journal of Systems Science & Complexity 2018年第5期31卷 1273-1301页

作者： SHU Tong YANG Xirui CHEN Shou WANG Shouyang lai kin Keung YANG Honglin Business School Hunan University Changsha 410082 China Logistics Department of Huangpi Wuhan430000 China Academy of Mathematics and System Science Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190China International Business School Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710062 China

This article investigates the order problem in a two-stage supply chain consisting of retailers, primary suppliers and backup suppliers. From retailers’ perspectives, the optimal offering strategies in unidirectional transshipments are analyzed on the basis of disruption risks in supply chains. With a focus on retailers’ profits, it develops the decision model of retailers’ orders in the dual sourcing mode and in the mode of capacity options, to maximize the retailers’ expected profits. The simulation shows that retailers’ optimal order decisions are not correlated with the joint disruption probability in the two order modes without service constraints; retailers’ optimal decisions are influenced by the joint disruption probability in the two order modes with service constraints, and the impact of the joint disruption probability of the primary suppliers’ optimal order from retailers differs in the two modes. Retailers’ order decisions in respect of backup suppliers are more sensitive to the changing volumes of transshipments. The contribution of this article is the impact of main parameters on retailers’ decisions, providing some guidance for enterprises to make order decisions.

关键词：零售商供应链转运风险供应商 ers 单向性最大化

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Characteristics of patients with erectile dysfunction in a family physicianled erectile dysfunction clinic:Retrospective case series

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Family Medicine and Community Health 2017年第1期5卷 85-91页

作者： Lap kin Chiang Cheuk-wai Kam kin-Chung Michael Yau Lorna Ng Family Medicine and General Outpatient Department Kwong Wah HospitalMongkokHong KongChina

Objectives:*** examine the characteristics of patients with erectile dysfunction in a family physician led erectile dysfunction clinic;*** review association of chronic disease spectrum and erectile dysfunction;*** review initial treatment pattern and ***:Retrospective case series ***:All consecutive patients seen in a regional hospital family physician led erectile dysfunction clinic from April 2014 to March *** outcome measures:*** severity of erectile dysfunction,based on International Index of Erectile Function(IIEF-5).*** associated chronic comorbidities of *** patterns and patient ***:One hundred and eighty three patients presented with erectile dysfunction(ED)with mean age 58.7(range 23 to 82)years old were seen during the study *** hundred and twenty seven patients(69.4%)had comorbidity of chronic diseases,including 50.8%had hypertension,38.8%had diabetes mellitus and 33.9%had *** mean body mass index was 25.2 kg/m2,the mean blood pressure was 137.3/79.5 mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa).According to IIEF-5 score,50.3%,30.6%and 18.6%had severe,moderate and mild erectile dysfunction *** average duration of ED before seeking medical help was 3.9 *** 5(PDE5)inhibitors were prescribed to 119 patients(65%),and 57.1%of them achieved good *** nine patients(15.8%)were referred to other specialty for further management,including 27.6%had contraindication for PDE5 ***:High proportion of erectile dysfunction patients had comorbitiy of chronic dis-eases.57.1%of those patients receiving PDE5 inhibitors showed good response.

关键词： Erectile dysfunction chronic diseases family physician

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Dual prognostic role of 2-oxoglutarate-dependent oxygenases in ten cancer types:implications for cell cycle regulation and cell adhesion maintenance

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Cancer Communications 2019年第1期39卷 214-227页

作者： wai Hoong Chang Donall Forde Alvina G.lai Nuffield Department of Medicine University of OxfordOld Road CampusOxford OX37FZUK

Background: Tumor hypoxia is associated with metastasis and resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Genes involved in oxygen-sensing are clinically relevant and have significant implications for prognosis. In this study, we examined the pan-cancer prognostic significance of oxygen-sensing genes from the 2-oxoglutarate-dependent oxygenase family. Methods: A multi-cohort, retrospective study of transcriptional profiles of 20,752 samples of 25 types of cancer was performed to identify pan-cancer prognostic signatures of 2-oxoglutarate-dependent oxygenase gene family (a family of oxygen-dependent enzymes consisting of 61 genes). We defined minimal prognostic gene sets using three independent pancreatic cancer cohorts (n = 681). We identified two signatures, each consisting of 5 genes. The ability of the signa-tures in predicting survival was tested using Cox regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses. Results: Signature 1 (KDM8, KDM6B, P4HTM, ALKBH4, ALKBH7) and signature 2 (KDM3A, P4HA1, ASPH, PLOD1, PLOD2) were associated with good and poor prognosis. Signature 1 was prognostic in 8 cohorts representing 6 cancer types (n = 2627): bladder urothelial carcinoma (P = 0.039), renal papillary cell carcinoma (P = 0.013), liver cancer (P = 0.033 and P = 0.025), lung adenocarcinoma (P = 0.014), pancreatic adenocarcinoma (P < 0.001 and P = 0.040), and uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma (P < 0.001). Signature 2 was prognostic in 12 cohorts representing 9 cancer types (n = 4134): bladder urothelial carcinoma (P = 0.039), cervical squamous cell carcinoma and endocervical adenocar-cinoma (P = 0.035), head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (P = 0.038), renal clear cell carcinoma (P = 0.012), renal papillary cell carcinoma (P = 0.002), liver cancer (P < 0.001, P < 0.001), lung adenocarcinoma (P = 0.011), pancreatic adenocarcinoma (P = 0.002, P = 0.018, P < 0.001), and gastric adenocarcinoma (P = 0.004). Multivariate Cox regression confirmed independen

关键词： Oxygen-sensing gene 2-Oxoglutarate-dependent oxygenase Pan-cancer Prognosis Hypoxia KDM8 HNF4A

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Colonoscopy in Hong Kong Chinese children

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第9期16卷 1119-1122页

作者： Yuk Him Tam Kim Hung Lee kin wai Chan Jennifer Dart Yin Sihoe Sing Tak Cheung Jennifer wai Cheung Mou Division of Paediatric Surgery & Paediatric Urology Department of SurgeryPrince of Wales HospitalThe Chinese University of Hong Kong

AIM:To investigate the safety and diagnostic yield of colonoscopy in Chinese children in whom the procedure is not often ***:We conducted a retrospective review of all colonoscopies in consecutive children who underwent their fi rst diagnostic colonoscopy from Jan 2003 to ***:Seventy-nine children (48 boys,31 girls;mean age 9.2 ± 4.2 years) were identified and reviewed with a total of 82 colonoscopies *** caecal and ileal intubation rates were 97.6% and 75.6% *** patients (50.6%) had a positive diagnosis made in colonoscopy and that included colonic polyps (23),Crohn's disease (12),ulcerative colitis (1),and miscellaneous causes (4).80% of polyps were in the rectosigmoid *** but one were juvenile hamartomatous *** exceptionwas an adenomatous *** mean ages for children with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and polyps were 11.3 and 4.3 years *** was no procedure-related ***:Colonoscopy is a safe procedure in our Chinese *** increasing diagnosis of IBD in recent decades may reflect a rising incidence of the disease in our children.

关键词： Colonoscopy Children Inflammatory bowel disease Colonic polyps

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Characterizing ionic species in PM_(2.5) and PM_(10) in four Pearl River Delta cities,South China

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2007年第8期19卷 939-947页

作者： lai Sen-chao ZOU Shi-chun CAO Jun-ji LEE Shun-cheng HO kin-fai School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510275 China. Department of Civil and Structural Engineering The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology Institute of Earth Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences Xi＇ an 710075 China

PM2.5 and PM10 samples were collected at four major cities in the Pearl River Delta （PRD）, South China, during winter and summer in 2002. Six water-soluble ions, Na^＋, NH4＋, K^＋, Cl^-, NO3^- and SO4^2- were measured using ion chromatography. On average, ionic species accounted for 53.3% and 40.5% for PM2.5 and PM10, respectively in winter and 39.4% and 35.2%, respectively in summer. Secondary ions such as sulfate, nitrate and ammonium accounted for the major part of the total ionic species. Sulfate was the most abundant species followed by nitrate. Overall, a regional pollution tendency was shown that there were higher concentrations of sulfate, nitrate and ammonium in Guangzhou City than those in the other PRD cities. Significant seasonal variations were also observed with higher levels of species in winter but lower in summer. The Asian monsoon system was favorable for removal and diffusion of air pollutants in PRD in summer while highly loading of local industrial emissions tended to deteriorate the air quality as well. NO3^-/SO4^2- ratio indicated that mobile sources have considerably contribution to the urban aerosol, and stationary sources should not be neglected. Besides the primary emissions, complex atmospheric reactions under favorable weather conditions should be paid more attention for the control of primary emission in the PRD region.

关键词： water-soluble ions seasonal and spatial variations Pearl River Delta

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A 5-year analysis of endothelial vs penetrating keratoplasty graft survival in Chinese patients

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2020年第9期13卷 1374-1377页

作者： Anita lai Wah Li Rachel Pui wai Kwok Ka wai Kam Alvin Lerrmann Young Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Prince of Wales Hospital&Alice Ho Miu Ling Nethersole HospitalNew Territories East ClusterHospital Authoritythe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina

AIM:To determine if there is any difference in longterm graft survival between Descemet’s stripping endothelial keratoplasty(DSEK)and penetrating keratoplasty(PK).METHODS:A retrospective 5-year cases analysis of bullous keratopathy secondary to Fuchs’endothelial dystrophy or pseudophakic bullous keratopathy,receiving either DSEK or PK.A total of 42 DSEK cases and 25 PK cases were included in the ***:In the 5-year analysis,graft survival rates were very similar in the two groups(DSEK 77.1%vs PK76.0%.P=0.918.95%CI:-6.3 to 33.4).Sub-analyses at 1y(DSEK 81%vs PK 95%.P=0.085.95%CI:-29 to 3.6)and 2y(DSEK 81%vs PK 88%.P=0.381.95%CI:-25.9 to 11.8)show a trend towards lower survival rates of DSEK vs PK,but the results were not statistically ***:Longterm 5-year graft survival is similar between the DSEK and PK methods of corneal transplant in Chinese patients with bullous keratopathy.

关键词： cornea endothelial keratoplasty corneal graft

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TAX EVASION:MODELS WITH SELF-AUDIT

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Journal of Systems Science & Complexity 2008年第4期21卷 487-518页

作者： kin Keung lai Department of Management Sciences City University of Hong Kong College of Business Management Hunan University

与传统的税审计不同，有自我审计的管理是由纳税人的审计的联合他自己和由税权威的审计。这篇论文主要与自我审计和它的相关性质在管理下面学习一个纳税人逃税的最佳的政策，以便推出一些有效建议和理论底制止逃税。当审计被执行时，假... 详细信息

与传统的税审计不同，有自我审计的管理是由纳税人的审计的联合他自己和由税权威的审计。这篇论文主要与自我审计和它的相关性质在管理下面学习一个纳税人逃税的最佳的政策，以便推出一些有效建议和理论底制止逃税。当审计被执行时，假设仅仅避的税的某个比例能被发现，作者首先与自我审计提出一个静态的模型。这个模型被划分成二个阶段。在第一个阶段，纳税人声明他们的税，然后，税权威选择审计目标基于已知的可能性，并且宣布结果；如果纳税人被选择，他将进入第二个阶段，他在期间有一个机会缴避的税和相应迟了的费用然后被税权威审计。作者在第一个阶段和最佳的比例显示出逃税的最佳的数量的存在和唯一到在第二个阶段自我暴露。作者也讨论内部解决方案的相关性质，并且在一些参数上做弹性分析。而且，作者把静态的模型扩大到相应二时期的模型，并且学习扩大模型的答案的存在和唯一。在当审计被执行时，逃税能仅仅与某个概率被发现的假设下面，最后，作者与自我审计提出另一个静态的模型并且调查它的性质。

关键词：存在性唯一性自我审查静态模型税务部门

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