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Rapid testing methods for food contaminants and toxicants

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2015年第11期14卷 2243-2264页

作者： Jiachi Chiou Arthur Ho hon Leung Hang wai Lee Wing-tak Wong Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology Food Safety and Technology Research CenterThe Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Food Biological Safety Control Food Safety and Technology Research CentreThe Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute

Food safety is one of the major concerns in every country regardless of the economic and social development. The frequent occurrence of food scandals in the world has led the Chinese government to implement several strategies to fortify the food supply system to a high food safety standard. This relies heavily on laboratory testing services but conventional methods for detection of food contaminants and toxicants are limited by sophisticated sample preparation procedures, long analysis time, large instruments and professional personnel to meet the increasing demands. In this review, we have incorporated most of the current and potential rapid detection methods for many notorious food contaminants and toxicants including microbial agents, toxic ions, pesticides, veterinary drugs and preservatives, as well as detection of genetically modified food genes and adulterated edible oil. Development of rapid, accurate, easy-to-use and affordable testing methods could urge food handlers and the public to actively screen for food contaminants and toxicants instead of passively relying on monitoring by the government examination facility. This review also provides several recommendations including how to encourage the public to engage in the food safety management system and provide optimal education and financial assistance that may improve the current Chinese food safety control system.

关键词： rapid testing food contaminants and toxins microbial agents pesticides veterinary drugs preservatives formaldehyde nitrite nitrate test strips

Prevalence, correlates, attitude and treatment seeking of erectile dysfunction among type 2 diabetic Chinese men attending primary care outpatient clinics

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2014年第5期16卷 755-760,I0010页

作者： wai hon Lo Sau Nga Fu Carlos King Ho Wong Ee San Chen Department of Family Medicine and Primary Health Care Kowloon West Cluster Hospital Authority Hong Kong China Department of Family Medicine and Primary Care Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China Department of Linguistics School of Humanities University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China

To investigate the prevalence, correlates, attitude and treatment seeking behavior of erectile dysfunction （ED） in type 2 diabetes mellitus （T2DM） patients in the primary care setting, a multi-center cross-sectional survey using a structured anonymous self-administered questionnaire was performed in 10 general outpatient clinics. Of the 603 subjects （91% response rate）, the prevalence of ED men, as defined by the International Index of Erectile Function, was 79.1%. Most subjects had mild ED （28.9%）, followed by mild-to-moderate ED （27.9%）, then moderate ED （13.4%） and severe ED （9%）. Nearly 55% of those with ED did not consider themselves as having ED. Less than 10% of them had ever sought medical treatment, although 76.1% of them wished to receive management from doctor（s） should they be diagnosed with ED. They considered the most important management from doctors to be clinical assessment （41.7%）, followed by management of potential underlying cause （37.8%）, referral to specialist （27.5%）, education （23.9%）, prescription of phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors （16.9%） and referral to ~：ounseling service （6.7%）. The prevalence of ED was strongly associated with subjects who thought they had ED （odds ratio （OR） = 90.49 （20.00-409.48, P 〈 0.001）） and were from the older age group （OR = 1.043 （1.011-1.076, P = 0.008））. In conclusion, ED is highly prevalent among T2DM men. The majority of them wanted management from doctors should they have ED, but only a minority would actually voice out the request. Screening of ED among T2DM men using structural questionnaire allowed the diagnosis of more than half of the ED cases, which otherwise would have gone undiagnosed.

关键词： diabetes mellitus erectile dysfunction prevalence risk factors

Effect of Rorrico, extracted from group of Chinese medicines, on influenza A and H1N1 infections

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Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2016年第6期36卷 701-705页

作者： Shiu hon Chui Yee Hou Wong Ming Yiu Fong Yee Man Chiu Christopher wai Kei Lam State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine Macao Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health Macao University of Science and Technology Clinical Laboratory Diagnostix Medical Center Central

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the therapeutic and preventive effects of Rorrico on influenza, especially influenza A viral infection, including swine flu(H1N1)in ***: Eighty-nine subjects were recruited in hong Kong and Macao, and divided into treatment group(TG) and prevention group(PG) based on their influenza A and swine flu symptoms. All subjects were prescribed Rorrico or placebo, and monitored by a Chinese medicine practitioner. Blood samples were collected before and after 7-day Rorrico or placebo treatment for laboratory ***: After treatment, there were some full recoveries and obvious relief of onset symptoms in the TG. Blood test results showed that Rorrico produced(a) no adverse effects on subjects' renal andliver functions, muscle enzyme and hematological status,(b) no up-regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines tumour necrosis factor-a and interleukin-18 in both TG and PG,(c) mild yet statistically significant elevation of plasma mannose-binding lectin(MBL) in ***: Rorrico has no up-regulating effect on the participants' immune response, or, equally likely, the immuno-modulatory effects of Rorrico do not non-specifically or unnecessarily promote inflammation when not required. It is possible that oral administration of Rorrico can promote hepatic synthesis of MBL in healthy PG subjects, thereby conferring increased protection against infection.

关键词： Rorrico Influenza A Virus H1N1 Subtype Tumor necrosis factor-alpha Interleukin-18

Traditional Chinese medicine poisoning in the emergency departments in hong Kong: Trend, clinical presentation and predictors for poor outcome

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World Journal of Emergency Medicine 2021年第2期12卷 143-150页

作者： Rex Pui Kin Lam Eric Ho Yin Lau wai Lam Yip Joe Kai Shing Leung Matthew Sik hon Tsui Emergency Medicine Unit Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicinethe University of Hong KongHong KongChina Accident and Emergency Department Queen Mary HospitalHong KongChina Accident and Emergency Department Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern HospitalHong KongChina School of Public Health Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicinethe University of Hong KongHong KongChina

Dear editor,Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is popular in many countries,especially in the Chinese population.^([1,2]) In hong Kong,it has been estimated that around 15%of the population consumed Chinese medicine products/herbs in the preceding *** reasons for consumption include regulating bodily functions,curing disease,and building up health.

关键词： has editor curing

NOD2 and TLR2 ligands trigger the activation of basophils and eosinophils by interacting with dermal fibroblasts in atopic dermatitis-like skin inflammation

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2016年第4期13卷 535-550页

作者： Delong Jiao Chun-Kwok Wong Huai-Na Qiu Jie Dong Zhe Cai Man Chu Kam-Lun hon Miranda Sin-Man Tsang Christopher wai-Kei Lam Department of Chemical Pathology The Chinese University of Hong Kong Prince of Wales Hospital Shatin NT Hong Kong China Institute of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China Department of Paediatrics The Chinese University of Hong Kong Prince of Wales Hospital Shatin NT Hong Kong China State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine Macao institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health Macao University of Science and Technology Taipa Macao People's Republic of China

The skin of patients with atopic dermatitis （AD） has a unique predisposition for colonization by Staphylococcus aureus （S. aureus）, which contributes to the inflammation and grim prognosis of AD. Although the mechanism underlying the S. aureus-induced exacerbation of AD remains unclear, recent studies have found a pivotal role for pattern recognition receptors in regulating the inflammatory responses in S. aureus infection. In the present study, we used a typical mouse model of AD-like skin inflammation and found that S. aureus-associated nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 2 （NOD2） and toll-like receptor 2 （TLR2） ligands exacerbated AD-like symptoms, which were further deteriorated by the in vivo expansion of basophils and eosinophils. Subsequent histological analyses revealed that dermal fibroblasts were pervasive in the AD-like skin lesions, Co-culture of human dermal fibroblasts with basophils and eosinophils resulted in a vigorous cytokine/chemokine response to the NOD2/TLR2 ligands and the enhanced expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 on the dermal fibroblasts. Basophils and eosinophils were primarily responsible for the AD-related cytokine/chemokine expression in the co-cultures. Direct intercellular contact was necessary for the crosstalk between basophils and dermal fibroblasts, while soluble mediators were sufficient to mediate the eosinophil-fibroblast interactions. Moreover, the intracellular p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, extracellular signal-regulated kinase, and nuclear factor-kappa B signaling pathways were essential for NOD2/TLR2 ligand-mediated activation of basophils, eosinophils, and dermal fibroblasts in AD-related inflammation. This study provides the evidence of NOD2/TLR2-mediated exacerbation of AD through activation of innate immune cells and therefore sheds light on a novel mechanistic pathway bv which S. aureus contributes to the DathoDhvsiology of AD.

关键词： atopic dermatitis basophils, eosinophils NOD2 TLR2

TAKOTSUBO SYNDROME WITH TRANSIENT COMPLETE ATRIOVENTRICULAR BLOCK

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Chinese Medical Journal 2006年第1期119卷 73-76页

作者： LEE wai Luen Stephen MIAO Li-fu CHAN hon Wah Ryamond CHEN Ming-zhe Division of Cardiology Department of Medicine Queen Mary Hospital Hong Kong China Center of Cardiology First Hospital of Tsinghua University Beijing 100016 China

Takotsubo syndrome （transient left ventricular apical ballooning syndrome） is a novel cardiac syndrome of left ventricular apical ballooning involving reversible left ventricular apical ballooning （during systole） of acute onset with chest pain, electrocardiographic changes, and minimal elevation of cardiac enzymes resembling acute myocardial infarction, but without evidence of myocardial ischemia or injury.

关键词： Takotsubo syndrome transient left ventricular apical ballooning syndrome

An Uncommon Potentially Fatal Complication in a Patient without Predisposing Factor Following Oral Bowel Preparation Commonly Used for Colonoscopy

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Open Journal of Emergency Medicine 2016年第1期4卷 6-10页

作者： Iris wai Sum Li Ling Pong Leung Sik hon Tsui Queen Mary Hospital Hospital Authority Hong Kong China Emergency Medicine Unit Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China Department of Accident & Emergency Queen Mary Hospital Hospital Authority Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Hong Kong China

We described the case report of a patient presented with no known predisposing factor, generalized malaise with vomiting, locked jaw, perioral paraesthesia, carpopedal spasm and a positive Chvostek’s sign which resulted from severe electrolyte disturbance at 5 hours after use of oral sodium phosphate solution (NaPO4) as bowel preparation for colonoscopy. On presentation, she developed hyperphosphatemia and symptomatic hypocalcaemia with serum phosphate of 1.84 mmol/L and adjusted calcium level 1.67 mmol/L respectively. Her symptoms subsided after immediate intravenous calcium gluconate followed by oral calcium supplement. The electrolyte disturbances were normalized with an uneventful clinical course. The potentially fatal complications of sodium phosphate solution which commonly prescribed as bowel preparation for conventional colonoscopy could develop though previously reported as uncommon in patients without predisposing factors, and should not be overlooked. Urgent assessment and immediate correction of electrolyte disturbances are needed. Recommendations on patient selection of use of sodium phosphate to minimize risk of developing adverse events are needed to incorporate in clinical protocols.

关键词： Symptomatic Hypocalcaemia Hyperphosphatemia Sodium Phosphate Solution Bowel

Extensive contact tracing and screening to control the spread of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium ST414 in hong Kong

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Chinese Medical Journal 2012年第19期125卷 3450-3457页

作者： CHENG Vincent Chi-chung TAI Josepha wai-ming NG Modissa Lai-ming CHAN Jasper Fuk-woo WONG Sally Cheuk-ying LI Iris wai-sum CHUNG hon-ping LO wai-kei YUEN Kwok-yung HO Pak-leung Department of Microbiology Queen Mary Hospital Hong Kong Special Administrative Region China Infection Control Team Queen Mary Hospital Hong Kong Special Administrative Region China Department of Surgery Tung Wah Hospital Hong Kong Special Administrative Region China Infection Control Team Tung Wah Hospital Hong Kong Special Administrative Region China

Background Proactive infection control management is crucial in preventing the introduction of multiple drug resistant organisms in the healthcare setting. In hong Kong, where vancomycin-resistant enterococci （VRE） endemicity is not yet established, contact tracing and screening, together with other infection control measures are essential in limiting intra- and inter-hospital transmission. The objective of this study was to illustrate the control measures used to eradicate a VRE outbreak in a hospital network in hong Kong. Methods We described an outbreak of VRE in a healthcare region in hong Kong, involving a University affiliated hospital and a convalescent hospital of 1600 and 550 beds respectively. Computer-assisted analysis was utilized to facilitate contact tracing, followed by VRE screening using chromogenic agar. Multi-locus sequence typing （MLST） was performed to assess the clonality of the VRE strains isolated. A case-control study was conducted to identify the risk factors for nosocomial acquisition of VRE. Results Between November 26 and December 17, 2011, 11 patients （1 exogenous case and 10 secondary cases） in two hospitals with VRE colonization were detected during our outbreak investigation and screening for 361 contact patients, resulting in a clinical attack rate of 2.8% （10/361）. There were 8 males and 3 females with a median age of 78 years （range, 40-87 years）. MLST confirmed sequence type ST414 in all isolates. Case-control analysis demonstrated that VRE positive cases had a significantly longer cumulative length of stay （P 〈0.001）, a higher proportion with chronic cerebral and cardiopulmonary conditions （P=0.001）, underlying malignancies （P 〈0.001）, and presence of urinary catheter （P 〈0.001）, wound or ulcer （P 〈0.001）, and a greater proportion of these patients were receiving β-lactam/ β-1actamase inhibitors （P=0.009）, carbapenem group （P 〈0.001）, fluoroquinolones （P=0.003）, or vancomycin （P=0.001） when compared with the controls. Conclusion

关键词： vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium ST414 outbreak contact tracing screening

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矩阵空间上秩加性的加法保持(英文)

黑龙江大学自然科学学报 2004年第4期21卷 46-49页

作者： wai-Leong chooi Ming-Huat Lim Multimedia大学工程系 SelangorCyberjaya 63100马来西亚 Malaya大学数学科学学院 Kuala Lumpur 50603马来西亚

设F是域,V是或者域F上所有m × n矩阵的空间或者是特征不为2及3的域F上所有n × n对称矩阵的空间.对于每个被固定的正整数s ≥ 2,Qs定义V × V中满足rank(A + B) = rank(A) +rank(B) ≤ s的所有矩阵对(A,B)的集合.刻划了V上满足Ψ(Qs) ?... 详细信息

设F是域,V是或者域F上所有m × n矩阵的空间或者是特征不为2及3的域F上所有n × n对称矩阵的空间.对于每个被固定的正整数s ≥ 2,Qs定义V × V中满足rank(A + B) = rank(A) +rank(B) ≤ s的所有矩阵对(A,B)的集合.刻划了V上满足Ψ(Qs) ? Qs的加法映射Ψ.当charF =2时,也描述了F上从n × n矩阵空间到p × q矩阵空间保秩加性的线性算子的结构.

关键词：加法映射秩可加性张量空间对称空间