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The prediction of exit choice using cumulative prospect value

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Journal of Safety Science and Resilience 2023年第1期4卷 20-25页

作者： Dongli Gao Wei Xie Ruifeng Cao Eric wai Ming Lee Richard Kwok kit Yuen Jingwen Weng Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering City University of Hong KongHong KongChina State Key Laboratory of Fire Science University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230026China

Exit choice is essential for pedestrian safety and evacuation efficiency during the context of an emergency. Cumulative prospect theory is a widespread realistic decision-making theory that can transform choice outcomes and probabilities into subjective terms and integrate them as a parameter of cumulative prospect value (CPV), which determines the decision. The main contribution of this paper is the use of the CPV to predict exit choice. Furthermore, the different decision-making rules including Max, exponential(Expo), and Ratio (i.e., the three variable choice functions) were summarized and examined. This study used a confusion matrix to compare the predicted results with experimental data. Consequently, the parameters of Accuracy and F1-score showed that the predictions from Max and Expo were significantly more realistic while the results from Ratio were much more robust.

关键词： Decision-making behavior Exit choice Evacuation model Cumulative prospect value

Bevacizumab for neovascular age-related macular degeneration in Chinese patients in a clinical setting

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2016年第3期9卷 424-430页

作者： Danny Siu-Chun Ng Alvin Kwan-Ho Kwok Justin Man-kit Tong Clement wai-Nang Chan Walton wai-Tat Li Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences the Chinese University of Hong Kong Department of Ophthalmology Hong Kong Sanatorium and Hospital Department of Ophthalmology United Christian Hospital

AIM：To determine the outcome of non-investigational treatment with intravitreal bevacizumab（IVB） in neovascular age-related macular degeneration（AMD）patients.· METHODS：Retrospective chart review of 81 eyes with neovascular AMD followed-up for at least 12 mo and received 3-monthly loading IVB ***-treat was based upon the individual clinician＇s *** visual acuity（BCVA） and optical coherence tomography measurements of central foveal thickness outcomes were evaluated at 12,24 mo.· RESULTS：Eighty-one eyes（of 75 patients） completed12 mo of follow-up and 44 eyes（of 41 patients） completed24 mo of *** mean baseline logMAR BCVA significantly improved from 0.94±0.69 to 0.85±0.68 at12mo（P〈0.001） and from 0.91±0.65 to 0.85±0.60（P=0.004）at 24 *** proportion of eyes that lost 〈15 logMAR letters at 12 mo was 90.1%and at 24 mo was 81.8%.IVB was effective in improving visual acuity in both treatment naive and previous photodynamic therapy（PDT）-treated *** naive patients required significantly fewer injections than patients with prior *** regression analysis identified that poorer baseline visual acuity was associated with greater improvement in visual acuity（P=0.015）.· CONCLUSION：Fewer injections in clinical practice may result in suboptimal visual outcomes compared with clinical trials of IVB in neovascular AMD *** baseline visual acuity and prior PDT treatment may also improve vision after *** safety and durability of effect was maintained at 24 mo.

关键词： bcvacizumab age-related maculardegeneration Chinese

Study on single-group dynamics in evacuation considering pre-defined and undeclared leadership

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Journal of Safety Science and Resilience 2023年第1期4卷 52-60页

作者： Wei Xie Dongli Gao Ruifeng Cao Eric wai Ming Lee Richard Kwok kit Yuen Jingwen Weng Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering City University of Hong KongKowloon TongHong KongChina State Key Laboratory of Fire Science University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China

Grouping is a common phenomenon that occurs *** leader-follower relationship inside groups has often been qualitatively characterized in previous models using simple ***,a general method is lacking to quantitatively explain leadership in an evacuating *** understand the evolution of single-group dynamics throughout an evacuation,we developed an extended social force model integrated with a group force.A series of single-group evacuations from a room were *** information-theoretic method,transfer entropy(TE),was applied to detect predefined and undeclared leadership among *** results showed that the predefined leader was correctly detected by TE,suggesting its capability in measuring leadership based on time series of evacuees’movement information(e.g.,velocity and acceleration).When evacuees were grouped together,TE was higher than when they were *** presented a monotonically increasing cumulative influence curve over the investigated period,whereas followers showed a diminishing *** found that leadership emergence correlated with evacuees’spatial *** individual located in the foremost part of the group was most likely to become a leader of those in the rear,which concurred with the experimental *** observed how a large group split into smaller ones with undeclared leadership during *** observations were quantitatively verified by TE *** study provides novel insights into quantifying leadership and understanding single-group dynamics during evacuations.

关键词： Evacuation Social force model Group behavior Leadership Transfer entropy

Targeting pancreatic cancer immune evasion by inhibiting histone deacetylases

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2022年第18期28卷 1934-1945页

作者： Wynne Sim Wei-Meng Lim Ling-Wei Hii Chee-Onn leong Chun-wai Mai School of Medicine International Medical UniversityKuala Lumpur 57000Malaysia School of Pharmacy International Medical UniversityKuala Lumpur 57000Malaysia Center for Cancer and Stem Cell Research Institute for ResearchDevelopmentand InnovationInternational Medical UniversityKuala Lumpur 57000Malaysia AGTC Genomics Kuala Lumpur 57000Malaysia State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research CenterRen Ji HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200127China Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Faculty of Pharmaceutical SciencesUCSI UniversityKuala Lumpur 56000Malaysia

The immune system plays a vital role in maintaining the delicate balance between immune recognition and tumor ***,it is not uncommon that cancerous cells can intelligently acquire abilities to bypass the antitumor immune responses,thus allowing continuous tumor growth and *** evasion has emerged as a significant factor contributing to the progression and immune resistance of pancreatic *** with other cancers,pancreatic cancer has a tumor microenvironment that can resist most treatment modalities,including emerging ***,the use of immunotherapy has yet to bring significant clinical breakthrough among pancreatic cancer patients,suggesting that pancreatic cancer has successfully evaded *** this review,we summarize the impact of genetic alteration and epigenetic modification(especially histone deacetylases,HDAC)on immune evasion in pancreatic *** overexpression significantly suppresses tumor suppressor genes,contributing to tumor growth and *** review the evidence on HDAC inhibitors in tumor eradication,improving T cells activation,restoring tumor immunogenicity,and modulating programmed death 1 *** provide our perspective in targeting HDAC as a strategy to reverse immune evasion in pancreatic cancer.

关键词： Histone acetylation Histone deacetylases inhibitors Immune evasion Pancreatic cancers Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma

APACHE system is better than Ranson system in the prediction of severity of acute pancreatitis

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2006年第2期5卷 294-299页

作者： Yuk Pang Yeung Billy Yeung kit Lam Andrew wai Chun Yip Department ot Surgery Kwong Wah Hospital 25 Waterloo Road Kowloon Hong Kong China

BACKGROUND: It has been suggested that addition of obesity score to the APACHE-Ⅱ system can lead to more accurate prediction of severity of acute pancreatitis. However there is scanty information on the usefulness of the combined APACHE-O scoring system in Asian patients. This study aimed to compare the accuracy of Ranson, APACHE-Ⅱ and APACHE-O systems in assessing severity of acute pancreatitis in a local Chinese population. METHODS: One hundred and one consecutive patients with acute pancreatitis were prospectively studied. Body mass index (BMI) was measured on admission. Ranson score, APACHE-Ⅱ and APACHE-O scores were recorded on admission and at 48 hours. By adopting the cut-off levels and definitions advocated in the Atlanta consensus for severe disease, the diagnostic accuracy of the three scoring systems was compared by the area under the curve (AUC) under the receiver operator characteristic curve. RESULTS: Of the 101 patients, 12 (11.9%) patients suffered from severe pancreatitis. Obesity was uncommon and only two patients (2.0%) had BMI >30. Eighty-two (81.2%) patients were normal weight (BMI≤25) whereas 17 (16.8%) were overweight ( BMI 25-30 ). Overweight or obesity (BMI >25) was not associated with severe pancreatitis (P= 0.40). The AUC for admission scores of Ranson, APACHE-Ⅱ, and APACHE-O systems was 0. 549, 0. 904 and 0. 904, respectively. The AUC for 48-hour scores of Ranson, APACHE-Ⅱ and APACHE-O systems was 0.808, 0.955 and 0.951, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The APACHE-Ⅱ scoring system is more accurate than the Ranson scoring system of the prediction of severity in acute pancreatitis. Addition of obesity score does not significantly improve the predictive accuracy of the APACHE-Ⅱ system in our local population with a low prevalence of obesity.

关键词： acute pancreatitis APACHE-Ⅱ score APACHE-O score disease severity Ranson score

Risk Perception and Knowledge in Fire Risk Reduction in a Dong Minority Rural Village in China: A Health-EDRM Education Intervention Study

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2018年第3期9卷 306-318页

作者： Emily Ying Yang Chan Holly Ching Yu Lam Phoebe Pui Wun Chung Zhe Huang Tony Ka Chun Yung Kelvin wai kit Ling Gloria Kwong wai Chan Cheuk Pong Chiu Collaborating Centre for Oxford University and CUHK for Disaster and Medical Humanitarian Response (CCOUC) The Chinese University of Hong Kong Nuffield Department of Medicine University of Oxford The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care The Chinese University of Hong Kong Franois-Xavier Bagnoud Center for Health and Human Rights Harvard University Integrated Research on Disaster Risk (IRDR) International Centre of Excellence–CCOUC (ICoE-CCOUC)

Fire is one of the major disasters in rural communities but evidence of the effectiveness of education interventions against fire risks is limited. This was a 2-year study assessed the effectiveness of face-to-face Health Emergency and Disaster Risk Management(HealthEDRM) education interventions for raising fire risk reduction knowledge in a fire-prone rural ethnic minority community. The study was conducted in various pre-set time points of an intervention-based project in a Dongbased community in Nanjiang Village, Guizhou Province in 2015 and 2016 to increase knowledge among the villagers about how to reduce general-and electrical-fire risks. Pre-and post-intervention questionnaires were used to evaluate the effectiveness of increasing fire risk-related knowledge through these interventions, immediately after the 2015 and 2016 interventions, and 17 months after the 2015 intervention. The knowledge of using fire blanket,recalling the correct emergency telephone number,unplugging unused electrical appliances, and not using water to extinguish electrical fires had immediately improved after the interventions. Subjects demonstrated a better understanding that fire blankets can fight a blaze if used appropriately, and that knowledge was sustained for 17 months. The interventions were effective in improving fire prevention and response knowledge. Targeted interventions should be organized according to communities' culture, the evolution of economic prosperity and lifestyle practices.

关键词： Dong village Fire risk education Fire risk perception Fire risk reduction Health education Rural China Health-EDRM

Pre-Lung transplant reflux testing demonstrates high prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux in cystic fibrosis and reduces chronic rejection risk

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World Journal of Transplantation 2023年第4期13卷 138-146页

作者： wai-kit Lo Ryan Flanagan Nirmal Sharma Hilary J Goldberg Walter W Chan Division of Gastroenterology Hepatology and EndoscopyBrigham and Women's HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Brigham and Women's HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA 02115United States

BACKGROUND Gastroesophageal reflux(GER)has been associated with poor outcomes after lung transplantation for chronic lung disease,including increased risk of chronic *** is common in cystic fibrosis(CF),but factors influencing the likelihood of pre-transplant pH testing,and the impact of testing on clinical management and transplant outcomes in patients with CF are *** To evaluate the role of pre-transplant reflux testing in the evaluation of lung transplant candidates with *** This was a retrospective study from 2007-2019 at a tertiary medical center that included all patients with CF undergoing lung *** with pretransplant anti-reflux surgery were *** characteristics(age at transplantation,gender,race,body mass index),self-reported GER symptoms prior to transplantation,and pre-transplant cardiopulmonary testing results,were *** testing consisted of either 24-h pH-or combined multichannel intraluminal impedance and pH ***-transplant care included a standard immunosuppressive regimen,and regular surveillance bronchoscopy and pulmonary spirometry in accordance with institutional practice as well as in symptomatic *** primary outcome of chronic lung allograft dysfunction(CLAD)was defined clinically and histologically per International Society of Heart and Lung Transplantation *** analysis was performed with Fisher’s exact test to assess differences between cohorts,and time-to-event Cox proportional hazards *** After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria,a total of 60 patients were included in the *** all CF patients,41(68.3%)completed reflux monitoring as part of pre-lung transplant *** evidence of pathologic reflux,defined as acid exposure time>4%,was found in 24 subjects,representing 58%of the tested *** patients with pre-transplant reflux testing were older(35.8 vs 30.1 years,P=0.01)and more commonly reported typical

关键词： Cystic fibrosis Gastroesophageal reflux Lung transplantation pH monitoring

Highly active antiretroviral therapy per se decreased mortality and morbidity of advanced human immunodeficiency virus disease in Hong Kong

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Chinese Medical Journal 2005年第16期118卷 1338-1345页

作者： CHAN Chi-wai CHENG Lai-sim CHAN wai-kit WONG Ka-hing Integrated Treatment Centre Department of Health Hong Kong China

Background Morbidity and mortality of advanced human immunodeficiency virus infection （HIV） have declined in Western industrialized countries since the availability of highly active antiretroviral therapy （HAART）. It is unclear if this has also happened in Hong Kong. Methods We studied a retrospective cohort of patients with advanced HIV disease in Hong Kong, China. First, the mortality of advanced HIV disease per year was calculated for the decade 1993 to 2002, both annually and according to patient observation before and after 1997. Second, the event rates were estimated for the clinical end points of acquired immune deficiency syndrome （AIDS） and death. Univariate and multivariate analyses were then performed to identify associated factors. Results The crude mortality of advanced HIV disease declined from 10. 8 - 30. 4 per 100 patients during 1993 - 1996, to 0. 8 - 6. 9 per 100 patients during 1997 - 2002. A rate ratio of 4. 04 （95% CI, 2. 52 - 6. 47） was evident for those observed in 1993 - 1996, compared to those in 1997 - 2002. In a multivariate analysis where calendar period was adjusted, use of＇highly active antiretroviral therapy was associated with rate ratios of 0. 13 （95% CI, 0. 05 -0. 33） for death after AIDS, 0. 08 （95% CI, 0. 04 -0. 19） for AIDS after a CD4 cell count 〈200/μ1, and 0.21 （95% CI, 0.07 -0.67） for death after CD4 cell count 〈200/μl. In the same analysis, calendar period ceased to be a significant factor after adjustment for use of HAART. Conclusions The mortality and morbidity of advanced human immunodeficiency virus disease have declined in Hong Kong. This improved prognosis was attributable to the use of highly active antiretroviral therapy.

关键词： highly active antiretroviral therapy mortality· morbidity acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

Using recombinant adhesive proteins as durable and green flame-retardant coatings

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Synthetic and Systems Biotechnology 2021年第4期6卷 369-376页

作者： Weng I.leong Owen Lok In Lo Fong Tin Cheng wai Man Cheong Leo Chi U.Seak Pui Ching Middle School(Macao) Edificio Pui Ching7A Av.de Horta e CostaMacao SARChina Department of Physiology Development and NeuroscienceUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB23DYUnited Kingdom The Centre for Inflammation Research University of Edinburgh47 Little France CrescentEdinburghEH164TJUnited Kingdom

Current fire retardants are known to be toxic to humans and our *** environmental-friendly flame retardants(FRs),protein-based flame retardants have been studied extensively recently,even though they are not *** this study,we designed,synthesized and tested a durable protein-based FR through the fusion of the adhesion domain from either mussel foot protein-5(mfp-5)or cellulose-binding domain(CBD)with flame retardant protein(SR protein and alpha casein).We first verified the expression of the recombinant proteins in Escherichia coli using Western ***,we coated the fusion protein(carrying cell lysates)to cotton fabrics and wood and verified with Infrared(IR)*** a vertical burning test and wood flammability test,we confirmed the flame retardancy of the materials after the protein *** the vertical burning test,the SR protein and alpha casein flame retardant proteins with the CBD adhesion domain showed a 50.0%and 43.3%increase in flame *** data is also consistent in the wood flame retardancy *** imaging experiments also suggested these new fire retardants can be preserved on the materials well even after ***,our results showed that flame-retardant proteins with adhesion domains are high potential candidates of green alternative flame retardants.

关键词： Flame retardant protein Cellulose-binding domain(CBD) Mussel foot protein-5(mfp-5)