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Theory of an Optimal Dynamical Water Resource Management Policy

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2023年第3期15卷 85-113页

作者： Muhammad Ashfaq Ahmed nasreen Nawaz Federal Board of Revenue Islamabad Pakistan

Water markets even though not perfect and require a lot of effort to establish are considered as a robust tool to address water management issues around the world. However, the existing literature does not provide an optimal water resource management policy. To create a perfect water market, the government needs to identify the potential number of suppliers/producers and consumers of water against various extraction/supply/production rates of water, i.e., to identify a supply and a demand curve for number of suppliers/producers of water against each production rate in economy. This article presents a theory which is practically applicable for an optimal dynamical water resource management policy (JEL H20, H23, H27).

关键词： Water Market Production Rate Dynamic Efficiency Adjustment Path Equilibrium

A Sufficient Statistical Test for Dynamic Stability

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Journal of Data Analysis and Information Processing 2023年第2期11卷 144-174页

作者： Muhammad Ashfaq Ahmed nasreen Nawaz Federal Board of Revenue Islamabad Pakistan

In the existing Statistics and Econometrics literature, there does not exist a statistical test which may test for all kinds of roots of the characteristic polynomial leading to an unstable dynamic response, i.e., positive and negative real unit roots, complex unit roots and the roots lying inside the unit circle. This paper develops a test which is sufficient to prove dynamic stability (in the context of roots of the characteristic polynomial) of a univariate as well as a multivariate time series without having a structural break. It covers all roots (positive and negative real unit roots, complex unit roots and the roots inside the unit circle whether single or multiple) which may lead to an unstable dynamic response. Furthermore, it also indicates the number of roots causing instability in the time series. The test is much simpler in its application as compared to the existing tests as the series is strictly stationary under the null (C01, C12).

关键词： Dynamic Stability Real and Complex Roots Unit Circle

Marine Green Algae as a Supplement for Chlorophyll and Other Nutrients in Vigna Radiata under UV-C Radiation-Induced Stress

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Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering 2010年第5期4卷 1-7页

作者： Rafia Azmat Hajra nasreen Department of Chemistry Jinnah University for Women 5C Nazimabad Karaehi 74600 Pakistan Department Of Botany Jinnah University for Women 5C Nazimabad Karachi 74600 Pakistan

The potential protective effect of marine green algae （Codium iyengerii） was examined in UV-C treated seedlings of Vigna radiata. The study comprises of three treatments of UV-C radiation （100-290 nm） dose for one min in alternative days. This results in deformed morphological parameters, including： decrease in plant height, fresh mass of leaves, shoots and roots, as well as leaf areas, which may be attributed with decreased in the relative growth rate, carbohydrate, amino acids, and protein contents of plant. A drastic effect of UV-C radiation was found on the photosynthetic apparatus where increase in red pigmentations on the leaves surface indicates the presence of UV-C absorbing pigments instead of chloroplast pigments. Visible spectrum of leaves chlorophyll showed reduced concentration of visible absorbing pigments which showed the deleterious effect of these radiations on physiological processes of seedlings. These negative effects of UV-C radiation on plant growth were found to be decreased by the application of green seaweed （Codium iyengerii）, and absorption spectrums of chloroplast contents showed that UV-C radiation inducing damages were appropriately managed by enhanced concentration of seaweeds which significantly increased morphological and physiological parameters like leaf, stem, root biomass, and plant height under UV-C radiation were observed.

关键词： Survival UV-C radiation codium iyengerii spectrums morphological and physiological parameterss.

Estimation of erosion induced nutrients loss under different land uses: A case study in Miandam Valley, Swat Pakistan

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2021年第2期14卷 135-141页

作者： Nowsher Yousaf Bushra Khan Dennis C.Flanagan Ishaq Ahmad Mian Javaid Iqbal Irfan Rashid Salma Khalid nasreen Ghaffar Sadaf Manzoor Muhammad Bilal Department of Environmental Sciences University of PeshawarKhyber Pakhtunkhwa 25120Pakistan USDA-Agricultural Research Service National Soil Erosion Research LaboratoryPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN 47907USA Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences The University of AgriculturePeshawarKhyber Pakhtunkhwa 25000Pakistan Department of Botany University of KashmirSrinagarJ&K 190006India Prime Institute of Public Health Prime FoundationRiphah International UniversityIslamabad 44000Pakistan Islamia College Peshawar Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 25120Pakistan

In order to design Sustainable Land Management(SLM)plans or interventions it is important to understand the land use change and subsequent *** basic aim of this study was to assess the impact of land use land cover(LULC)change on soil physico-chemical properties and nutrients loss under different land use/land cover changes within Miandam watershed of Swat valley,*** study area was divided into three major types on the basis LULC type(Dense forest,Moderate forest and Agriculture land).A total of 81 soil samples were collected from the study area(27 from each land use)through stratified random sampling and were transferred to the *** prepared soil samples were then tested for various physico-chemical properties such as pH,electrical conductivity,contents of organic matter,organic carbon,sand,silt,clay,nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium,iron,copper and *** showed that LULC significantly affected all soil parameters except electrical conductivity and *** all the nutrients assessed,the enrichment ratio was greater than 1 which showed that the most fertile layer of the soil in the cropped areas was transported through soil *** this study,time-series satellite images were used to determine the spatiotemporal changes in the LULC of Miandam valley of Swat,Pakistan,and the possible effect of LULC on soil properties was *** information generated on the soil properties as indicators of soil health could be used to inform the stakeholders about the effect of LULC change in the study ***-temporal image acquired by Landsat sensors for the year 2018 was used for quantifying changes in the study *** Landsat images for the year 2018 were classified into six land cover/land use *** increase in agricultural activities caused an increase in the land farming areas which led to an increase in the rate of deforestation in the ***,the present study results reveal that the use of the soil for agriculture i

关键词： land use/land cover soil properties soil nutrients Miandam Swat valley

<i>L</i>(0, 1)-Labelling of Cactus Graphs

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Communications and Network 2012年第1期4卷 18-29页

作者： nasreen Khan Madhumangal Pal Anita Pal Department of Applied Mathematics with Oceanology and Computer Programming Vidyasagar University Midnapore India Department of Mathematics National Institute of Technology Durgapur Durgapur India

An L(0,1)-labelling of a graph G is an assignment of nonnegative integers to the vertices of G such that the difference between the labels assigned to any two adjacent vertices is at least zero and the difference between the labels assigned to any two vertices which are at distance two is at least one. The span of an L(0,1)-labelling is the maximum label number assigned to any vertex of G. The L(0,1)-labelling number of a graph G, denoted by λ0.1(G) is the least integer k such that G has an L(0,1)-labelling of span k. This labelling has an application to a computer code assignment problem. The task is to assign integer control codes to a network of computer stations with distance restrictions. A cactus graph is a connected graph in which every block is either an edge or a cycle. In this paper, we label the vertices of a cactus graph by L(0,1)-labelling and have shown that, △-1≤λ0.1(G)≤△ for a cactus graph, where △ is the degree of the graph G.

关键词： Graph Labelling Code Assignment L(0 1)-Labelling Cactus Graph

Suppressed response to hormonal contraceptives in women of Khairpur, Sindh, Pakistan

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Health 2013年第11期5卷 1848-1852页

作者： Yasmeen Faiz Kazi Sobia Saleem nasreen Kazi Department of Microbiology Shah Abdul Latif University Khairpur Pakistan Department of Pharmacology Liaqat University of Medical and Health Sciences Jamshoro Pakistan

Objective: Contraception has gained gradual popularity in many parts of the developing world including Pakistan. Despite this increase in acceptance, the birth rate remains high. Failure of contraception has been reported in the literature, which made us aim to conduct this study. The efficiency of hormonal contraceptives in the study area was assessed and this is the first report from Pakistan. Methods: A total of 200 women (aged 20-30 and 31-40 years;n = 100 each) with minimum consistent use of hormonal contraceptives in the form of pills (Combined oral contraceptives) for 12 months were enrolled in this study. Blood samples were collected from women of each age group and corresponding control groups (n = 100) from local hospitals and reproductive health service center. Serum levels of the fertility hormones viz leutinizing and follicle stimulating hormones were measured through ELISA technique. Results: Our data revealed that over all in the both age groups, 72% women had normal, 16% increased and 12% showed decreased levels of leutinizing hormone (p > 0.05) and 67% women showed normal, 33% showed decreased and no increased levels were found for follicle stimulating hormone (p > 0.05). No age-wise significant difference in response was observed among both the age groups tested. Conclusion: Statistically insignificant difference in serum leutinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone seen among both the age groups of hormonal contraceptive users and control group indicates less effective hormonal contraception response in the study area.

关键词： Contraceptive Women Response

反相高效液相色谱法同时测定片剂中的加替沙星与盐酸氨溴索(英文)

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色谱 2008年第3期26卷 358-361页

作者： SHAHED Mirza NANDA Rabindra DEHGHAN Muhammad Hassan nasreen Huda FEROZ Shaikh Maulana Azad Educational Trust’s Y.B.Chavan College of Pharmacy Dr.Rafiq Zakaria CampusRauza BaghAurangabad-431001Maharashtra StateIndia Maulana Azad Educational Trust’s Y.B.Chavan College of Pharmacy Dr.Rafiq Zakaria CampusRauza BaghAurangabad-431001 Maharashtra StateIndia

A reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was developed, validated, and used for the quantitative determination of gatifloxacin (GA) and ambroxol hydrochloride (AM), from its tablet dosage form. Chromatographic separation was performed on a HiQ Sil C18 column (250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm), with a mobile phase comprising of a mixture of 0.01 mol/L potassium dihydrogen orthophosphate buffer and acetonitrile (70∶30, v/v), and pH adjusted to 3 with orthophosphoric acid, at a flow rate of 1 mL/min, with detection at 247 nm. Separation was completed in less than 10 min. As per International Conference on Harmonisation (ICH) guidelines the method was validated for linearity, accuracy, precision, limit of quantitation, limit of detection, and robustness. Linearity of GA was found to be in the range of 10-60 μg/mL and that for AM was found to be 5-30 μg/mL. The correlation coefficients were 0.999 6 and 0.999 3 for GA and AM respectively. The results of the tablet analysis (n=5) were found to be 99.94% with ±0.25% standard deviation (SD) and 99.98% with±0.36% SD for GA and AM respectively. Percent recovery of GA was found to be 99.92%-100.02% and that of AM was 99.86%-100.16%. The assay experiment shows that the method is free from interference of excipients. This demonstrates that the developed HPLC method is simple, linear, precise, and accurate, and can be conveniently adopted for the routine quality control analysis of the tablet.

关键词：氢氯化物高效液体色谱分析分析方法药物剂量

Computing Structured Singular Values for Delay and Polynomial Eigenvalue Problems

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Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2017年第7期7卷 348-364页

作者： Mutti-Ur Rehman Danish Majeed Naila nasreen Shabana Tabassum Department of Mathematics and Statistics The University of Lahore Gujrat Campus Gujrat Pakistan Department of Applied Physics Federal Urdu University of Arts Science and Technology Islamabad Pakistan Department of Mathematics COMSATS Institute of Information Technology Islamabad Campus Islamabad Pakistan

In this article the computation of the Structured Singular Values (SSV) for the delay eigenvalue problems and polynomial eigenvalue problems is presented and investigated. The comparison of bounds of SSV with the well... 详细信息

关键词： μ-Values Block Diagonal Uncertainties Spectral Radius Low-Rank Approximation Delay Eigenvalue Problems Polynomial Eigenvalue Problems

Analysis of Immune Responses and Serological Cross Reactivities among Vibrio cholerae O1,Shigella flexneri 2a and Haemophilus influenzae b

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2008年第5期5卷 393-396页

作者： Fazle Rabbi nasreen Sultana Tasmina Rahman H. M. Al-Emran M. Nizam Uddin Mahbub Hossain Kazi Selim Anwar Mahmuda Yasmin Jamalun Nessa Chowdhury R. Ahsan Department of Microbiology University of Dhaka Department of Pharmacy University of Asia Pacific Institute of Public Health Mohakhali

Antigenic determinants expressed on the bacterial cell surface are of importance in the serological characterization and microbiological diagnosis. The bacterial strains carrying these identical or similar antigenic epitopes might react with antibodies produced against other strains. In this study, strong immunogenicity and antigenic cross reactivity were demonstrated among V. cholerae O1, S. flexnerii 2a and H. influenzae b surface components. The enzyme linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） results were supported by Western blot analysis, where at least 20 antigenic bands, were obtained in each of the reactions, when the surface components were reacted with the homologous antisera. The indirect ELISA results also demonstrated high degree of antigenic relatedness between the surface components of these species, where each surface component was reacted with the heterologous antisera. Western blot analysis also revealed cross reactions between the surface components suggesting common distribution of antigens/epitopes in these bacterial species. This study, thus, gave a clear idea of the level of antigenic sharing and variations among the pathogenic V. cholerae O1, S. flexneri 2a and H. influenzae b strains, which in future, may help in selecting a proper candidate for vaccines and immunodiagnostics development.

关键词： V. cholerae O1 S. flexnerii 2a H. influenzae b cross antigen