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Comprehensive analysis of the role of ubiquitin-specific peptidases in colorectal cancer:A systematic review

World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2024年第1期16卷 197-213页

作者： Eman Al-Balushi Amina Al marzouqi Shima Tavoosi Amir Hossein Baghsheikhi Arash Sadri Leyla Sharifi Aliabadi mohammad-mahdi Salarabedi Syed Azizur rahman Nabeel Al-Yateem Alireza mosavi Jarrahi Aram Halimi mohammad Ahmadvand wael m abdel-rahman College of Health Sciences University of SharjahSharjah 27272United Arab Emirates Department of Biology Faculty of SciencesUniversity of IsfahanIsfahan 81746-73441Iran Department of Biology Science and Research BranchIslamic Azad UniversityTehran 11365/4435Iran Students’Scientific Research Center Tehran University of Medical SciencesTehran ***Iran Cell Therapy and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center Research Institute for OncologyHematologyand Cell TherapyTehran University of Medical SciencesTehran ***Iran Student Research Committee School of MedicineShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehran ***Iran Department of Nursing University of SharjahSharjah 27272United Arab Emirates Cancer Research Centre Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehran ***Iran Department of medical Laboratory Sciences University of SharjahSharjah 27272United Arab Emirates

BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer(CRC)is the third most frequent and the second most fatal *** search for more effective drugs to treat this disease is ongoing.A better understanding of the mechanisms of CRC development and progression may reveal new therapeutic ***-specific peptidases(USPs),the largest group of the deubiquitinase protein family,have long been implicated in various *** have been numerous studies on the role of USPs in CRC;however,a comprehensive view of this role is *** To provide a systematic review of the studies investigating the roles and functions of USPs in *** We systematically queried the mEDLINE(via Pubmed),Scopus,and Web of Science *** Our study highlights the pivotal role of various USPs in several processes implicated in CRC:Regulation of the cell cycle,apoptosis,cancer stemness,epithelial–mesenchymal transition,metastasis,DNA repair,and drug *** findings of this study suggest that USPs have great potential as drug targets and noninvasive biomarkers in *** dysregulation of USPs in CRC contributes to drug resistance through multiple *** Targeting specific USPs involved in drug resistance pathways could provide a novel therapeutic strategy for overcoming resistance to current treatment regimens in CRC.

关键词： Ubiquitin-specific peptidases Colorectal cancer Deubiquitinase protein family Drug target discovery Biomarker discovery

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Differential roles of EPS8 in carcinogenesis:Loss of protein expression in a subset of colorectal carcinoma and adenoma

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2012年第29期18卷 3896-3903页

作者： wael m abdel-rahman Salla Ruosaari Sakari Knuutila Pivi Peltomki Department of medical Laboratory Sciences College of Health SciencesUniversity of SharjahSharjah 27272United Arab Emirates Department of medical Genetics University of HelsinkiFIN-00014 HelsinkiFinland Department of Pathology Haartman InstituteUniversity of HelsinkiFIN-00014 HelsinkiFinland HUSLAB Helsinki University Central HospitalFIN-00014 HelsinkiFinland

AIm:To analyze the epidermal growth factor receptor pathway substrate 8(EPS8) expression status and role in colorectal carcinogenesis given that EPS8 has a conserved actin barbed-end capping function that is required for proper maturation in intestinal ***:We studied 8 colon cancer cell lines and 58 colorectal tumors(19 adenomas and 39 carcinomas).We performed expression microarray analysis of colon cancer cell lines followed by loss of heterozygosity(LOH)analysis and immunohistochemistry for EPS8 expression in colon ***,we performed mutation analysis by direct sequencing and methylation analysis by bisulfite sequencing and methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction ***:Expression microarray analysis of colon cancer cell lines showed overexpression of EPS8 transcript in all lines but *** wide loss of heterozygosity(LOH) analysis of colon tumors,showed considerable LOH at the EPS8 gene ***,EPS8 was constitutively expressed in normal colonic mucosa with a dot-like supranuclear localization with accentuation at the luminal surface supporting its proposed role in epithelial *** colon tumors(4 adenoma,15 carcinoma) out of 51(37%) showed strikingly tumor specific EPS8 protein *** the remaining tumors,5/51(2 adenoma,and 3 carcinoma,10%) showed marked overexpression,while 27/51 tumors(53%) showed retained *** analysis revealed a missense mutation(c.794C>T,p.R265C) in exon 8 in *** EPS8 promoter was also methylated in RKO,but there was no significant methylation in other cell lines or carcinoma ***:The loss of EPS8 expression in colorectal adenomas and carcinomas suggests that down regulation of this gene contributes to the development of a subset of colorectal cancers,a finding which could have applications in diagnosis and treatment.

关键词： Actin capping Colon cancer Epidermal growth factor receptor pathway substrate 8 Hypermethylation Immunohistochemistry RKO

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Calponin 3 promotes invasion and drug resistance of colon cancer cells

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2019年第11期11卷 971-982页

作者： Vidhya A Nair Noura A Al-khayyal Sivaramakrishnan Sivaperumal wael m abdel-rahman Environment and Cancer Research Group Sharjah Institute for Medical ResearchUniversity of SharjahSharjah 27272United Arab Emirates College of medicine and Sharjah Institute for medical Research University of SharjahSharjah 27272United Arab Emirates Department of Biotechnology Bharathidasan UniversityTiruchirappalli 620024India Department of medical Laboratory Sciences College of Health Sciences and Environment and Cancer Research GroupSharjah Institute for Medical ResearchUniversity of SharjahSharjah 27272United Arab Emirates

BACKGROUND Calponin 3(CNN3)is an actin-binding protein expressed in smooth muscle and non-smooth muscle *** is required for cytoskeletal rearrangement and wound *** To dissect the role of CNN3 in carcinogenesis with a focus on colon *** A total of 20 cancer cell lines(8 breast,11 colon,and HeLa cervical cancer cell as a positive control for mesenchymal phenotype)and 57 formalin-fixed,paraffinembedded sections from archived sporadic colorectal carcinomas were included in this ***3 expression analysis by western blot or immunohistochemistry was followed by functional *** CNN3 gene was silenced by specific small interfering RNA(commonly known as siRNA),followed by confirmation of the silencing efficiency by western ***,the silenced cells and control siRNA-transfected cells were analyzed for changes in epithelial and mesenchymal markers,invasion,and response to 5-fluoruracil *** also performed proteomics analysis using a phospho-kinase array-based panel of 45 *** CNN3 showed positive expression in 6/8 breast and 9/11 colon cancer lines and in HeLa ***,the colorectal adenocarcinoma line SW480 was negative,while the cell line developed from its matching lymph node metastasis(SW620)was positive for ***3 expression was fairly consistent with the metastatic phenotype in colon cancer because it was absent in one other colon cell line from a primary site and expressed in all *** selected SW620 for subsequent functional ***3-silenced SW620 cells showed a reduction in collagen invasion and loss of mesenchymal ***3 silencing caused an increase in the SW620 colon cancer cell sensitivity to *** array-based proteomics analysis showed that CNN3 silencing in SW620 reduced extracellular signal-regulated kinase,β-Catenin,mutant p53,c-Jun,and heat shock protein 60 activities but increased that of checkpoint kinase ***3 was expressed in 20/57(35%)co

关键词： β-Catenin Calponin 3 Colon cancer Epithelial-mesenchymal transition Invasion metastasis

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Role of AXL in invasion and drug resistance of colon and breast cancer cells and its association with p53 alterations

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第19期23卷 3440-3448页

作者： wael m abdel-rahman Noura A Al-khayyal Vidhya A Nair S R Aravind maha Saber-Ayad Department of medical Laboratory Sciences College of Health Sciences and Sharjah Institute for Medical ResearchUniversity of Sharjah College of medicine and Sharjah Institute for medical Research University of Sharjah Environment and Cancer Research Group Sharjah Institute for Medical ResearchUniversity of Sharjah Department of Basic medical Sciences College of Medicineand Sharjah Institute for medical ResearchUniversity of SharjahSharjah Cairo University

To characterize AXL receptor tyrosine kinase (AXL) expression in relationship to tumor protein P53 (TP53 gene, p53 protein) and its role in tumor invasion and response to *** used 14 cell lines, including 3 isogenic pairs carrying mutant/knockout p53, to gain insight into the relationship between AXL and TP53. These included HCT116, HCT116.p53 mutant, RKO, and RKO.p53-/- lines (all from colon cancers) as well as breast cancer cell lines mCF7 and 1001 (mCF7-p53 mutant clone). HeLa cell line was used as a positive control for epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EmT). AXL expression was determined by Western blotting using rabbit monoclonal antibody clone C89E7. AXL siRNA silencing was performed and followed by collagen invasion assay. Cell viability analysis using the sulforhodamine B assay and the invasion assay were performed after exposure to chemotherapeutic agents (doxorubicin for breast cancer cells; 5FU or irinotecan for colon cancer cells).RESULTSWe showed that the introduction of p53 mutations or knockout increased expression levels of AXL in isogenic cells compared to the matching p53 wild-type parental cells. Overall, we found a trend for correlation between the potential EmT candidate AXL, p53 alterations, and EmT markers in colorectal and breast cancers. The expression of AXL in RKO cells, a rare colon cancer cell line with inactive Wnt signaling, suggests that the AXL oncogene might provide an alternative genetic pathway for colorectal carcinogenesis in the absence of Wnt signaling activation and TP53 mutation. AXL silencing in the TP53 mutant isogenic cell lines 1001, HCT116.p53 mutant and RKO.P53-/- was > 95% efficient and the silenced cells were less invasive compared to the parental TP53 wild-type cells. AXL silencing showed a subtle trend to restore colon cancer cell sensitivity to 5FU or irinotecan. Importantly, AXL expressing cells developed more invasive potential after exposure to chemotherapy compared to th

关键词： AXL Breast cancer Chemotherapy Colon cancer Invasion

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Emerging role of caldesmon in cancer:A potential biomarker for colorectal cancer and other cancers

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2022年第9期14卷 1637-1653页

作者： Alya R Alnuaimi Vidhya A Nair Lara J Bou malhab Eman Abu-Gharbieh Anu Vinod Ranade Gianfranco Pintus mohamad Hamad Hauke Busch Jutta Kirfel Rifat Hamoudi wael m abdel-rahman Sharjah Institute for medical Research University of SharjahSharjah 27272United Arab Emirates College of medicine University of SharjahSharjah 27272United Arab Emirates Department of Clinical Sciences University of SharjahSharjah 27272United Arab Emirates Department of Basic medical Sciences University of SharjahSharjah 27272United Arab Emirates Department of medical Laboratory Sciences University of SharjahSharjah 27272United Arab Emirates Department of Biomedical Sciences University of SassariSassari 07100Italy University Cancer Center Schleswig-Holstein and Luebeck Institute for Experimental Dermatology University of LuebeckLuebeck 23560Germany Institute of Pathology University Hospital Schleswig-HolsteinLuebeck 23560Germany Division of Surgery and Interventional Science University College LondonLondon WC1E 6BTUnited Kingdom

Colorectal cancer(CRC) is a devastating disease, mainly because of metastasis. As a result, there is a need to better understand the molecular basis of invasion and metastasis and to identify new biomarkers and therapeutic targets to aid in managing these tumors. The actin cytoskeleton and actin-binding proteins are known to play an important role in the process of cancer metastasis because they control and execute essential steps in cell motility and contractility as well as cell division. Caldesmon(CaD) is an actin-binding protein encoded by the CALD1 gene as multiple transcripts that mainly encode two protein isoforms: High-molecular-weight CaD, expressed in smooth muscle, and low-molecular weight CaD(l-CaD), expressed in nonsmooth muscle cells. According to our comprehensive review of the literature, CaD, particularly l-CaD, plays a key role in the development, metastasis, and resistance to chemoradiotherapy in colorectal, breast, and urinary bladder cancers and gliomas, among other malignancies. CaD is involved in many aspects of the carcinogenic hallmarks, including epithelial mesenchymal transition via transforming growth factor-beta signaling, angiogenesis, resistance to hormonal therapy, and immune evasion. Recent data show that CaD is expressed in tumor cells as well as in stromal cells, such as cancerassociated fibroblasts, where it modulates the tumor microenvironment to favor the tumor. Interestingly, CaD undergoes selective tumor-specific splicing, and the resulting isoforms are generally not expressed in normal tissues, making these transcripts ideal targets for drug design. In this review, we will analyze these features of CaD with a focus on CRC and show how the currently available data qualify CaD as a potential candidate for targeted therapy in addition to its role in the diagnosis and prognosis of cancer.

关键词： Bladder cancer CALD1 Caldesmon Chemoresistance Colorectal cancer Gastric cancer Glioma Epithelial to mesenchymal transition Invasion metastasis

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Leveraging User-Generated Comments and Fused BiLSTm models to Detect and Predict Issues with mobile Apps

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Computers, materials & Continua 2024年第4期79卷 735-759页

作者： wael m.S.Yafooz Abdullah Alsaeedi Department of Computer Science College of Computer Science and EngineeringTaibah UniversityMedina42353Saudi Arabia

In the last decade, technical advancements and faster Internet speeds have also led to an increasing number ofmobile devices and users. Thus, all contributors to society, whether young or old members, can use these mobileapps. The use of these apps eases our daily lives, and all customers who need any type of service can accessit easily, comfortably, and efficiently through mobile apps. Particularly, Saudi Arabia greatly depends on digitalservices to assist people and visitors. Such mobile devices are used in organizing daily work schedules and services,particularly during two large occasions, Umrah and Hajj. However, pilgrims encounter mobile app issues such asslowness, conflict, unreliability, or user-unfriendliness. Pilgrims comment on these issues on mobile app platformsthrough reviews of their experiences with these digital services. Scholars have made several attempts to solve suchmobile issues by reporting bugs or non-functional requirements by utilizing user ***, solving suchissues is a great challenge, and the issues still exist. Therefore, this study aims to propose a hybrid deep learningmodel to classify and predict mobile app software issues encountered by millions of pilgrims during the Hajj andUmrah periods from the user perspective. Firstly, a dataset was constructed using user-generated comments fromrelevant mobile apps using natural language processing methods, including information extraction, the annotationprocess, and pre-processing steps, considering a multi-class classification problem. Then, several experimentswere conducted using common machine learning classifiers, Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), Long Short-Termmemory (LSTm), and Convolutional Neural Network Long Short-Term memory (CNN-LSTm) architectures, toexamine the performance of the proposed model. Results show 96% in F1-score and accuracy, and the proposedmodel outperformed the mentioned models.

关键词： mobile apps issues play store user comments deep learning LSTm bidirectional LSTm

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Results of Open Surgical Treatment of Humeral Paddle Fractures about 63 Cases

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Open Journal of Orthopedics 2024年第1期14卷 83-91页

作者： mansi Zied Chermiti Wajdi Rbai Hedi Saadana Jacem Zaidi Bacem Sindi Sihem Gazzah wael Department of Orthopedics-Traumatology Ibn El Jazzar Hospital of Kairouan Kairouan Tunisia Department of Orthopaedics-Traumatology Sahloul Hospital of Sousse Sousse Tunisia Department of Orthopedics-Traumatology Fattouma Bourguiba Hospital of Monastir Monastir Tunisia Department of General Surgery Ibn El Jazzar Hospital of Kairouan Kairouan Tunisia Department of Urology Ibn El Jazzar Hospital of Kairouan Kairouan Tunisia

Fractures of the humeral paddle, common to young adults, are most often complex, linked to violence and an increase in road accidents. The objective of our work is to evaluate our functional results, in the medium term, correlated with a review of the literature. This is a retrospective study of 63 patients, carried out in the traumatology-orthopedics department 1 of the IBN EL JAZZAR hospital in KAIROUAN, over a period of 7 years from January 2015 to December 2021. The average age of patients was 39 years (17 - 68 years). Predominantly male. The etiologies are dominated by falls and accidents on public roads. Fractures are classified according to the müller and Allgöwer classification where type C is found in 51% of cases. All our patients undergo an olecranon osteotomy in 71% of cases. Osteosynthesis using a Lecestre plate combined with screwing or plugging is used in 84% of cases. The evolution is marked by complications observed in eight patients (16%), including two cases of sepsis, four cases of elbow stiffness (8%), one case of joint callus and one case of pseudarthrosis. Our results are evaluated according to the mayo Elbow Performance Score, they are excellent and good in 71% of cases, average in 18% of cases and poor in 11% of cases. Fractures of the humeral paddle are fractures with a satisfactory functional prognosis, requiring ad integrum anatomical restoration and solid osteosynthesis allowing early rehabilitation of the elbow. One case of joint callus and one case of pseudarthrosis.

关键词： Fracture Humeral Paddle Surgical Treatment

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Stereotactic radiosurgery for haemorrhagic cerebral cavernous malformation:a multi-institutional,retrospective study

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Stroke & Vascular Neurology 2024年第3期9卷 221-229,I0130,I0131页

作者： Chloe Dumot Georgios mantziaris Sam Dayawansa Zhiyuan Xu Stylianos Pikis Selcuk Peker Yavuz Samanci Gokce D Ardor Ahmed m Nabeel wael A Reda Sameh R Tawadros Khaled abdelkarim Amr m N El-Shehaby Reem m Emad Eldin Ahmed H Elazzazi Nuria martínez moreno Roberto martínezÁlvarez Roman Liscak Jaromir may David mathieu Jean-Nicolas Tourigny manjul Tripathi Akshay Rajput Narendra Kumar Rupinder Kaur Piero Picozzi Andrea Franzini Herwin Speckter Wenceslao Hernandez Anderson Brito Ronald E Warnick Juan Alzate Douglas Kondziolka Greg N Bowden Samir Patel Jason Sheehan Department of Neurological Surgery Hospices Civils de LyonLyonFrance Department of Neurological Surgery University of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVirginiaUSA Department of Neurosurgery Koc University School of MedicineIstanbulTurkey Gamma-knife Center Nasser institute HospitalCairoEgypt Neurosurgery Department Benha UniversityBenhaEgypt Departments of Neurosurgery Ain Shams UniversityCairoEgypt Department of Clinical Oncology Ain Shams UniversityCairoEgypt Department of Radiation Oncology National Cancer InstituteCairo UniversityGizaEgypt Faculty of medicine Extended Modular ProgramAin Shams UniversityCairoEgypt Department of Radiosurgery Rúber Internacional HospitalMadridSpain Department of Stereotactic and Radiation Neurosurgery Na Homolce HospitalPragueCzech Republic Neurosurgery Centre de recherche du CHUSUniversitéde SherbrookeSherbrookeQuebecCanada Neurosurgery PGIMERChandigarhChandigarhIndia Radiation Therapy PGIMERChandigarhChandigarhIndia Neurosurgery IRCCS Istituto Clinico HumanitasRozzanoMilanItaly Dominican Gamma Knife Center and Radiology Department CEDIMATSanto DomingoDominican Republic Gamma Knife Center Mayfield ClinicThe Jewish Hospital-Mercy HealthCincinnatiOhioUSA Neurosurgery NYU Langone HealthNew YorkNew YorkUSA Neurosurgery University of AlbertaEdmontonAlbertaCanada Division of Radiation Oncology Department of OncologyUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonAlbertaCanada

Background Cerebral cavernous malformations(CCms)frequently manifest with *** radiosurgery(SRS)has been employed for CCm not suitable for *** effect on reducing haemorrhage risk is still *** aim of this study was to expand on the safety and efficacy of SRS for haemorrhagic *** This retrospective multicentric study included CCm with at least one haemorrhage treated with single-session *** annual haemorrhagic rate(AHR)was calculated before and after *** event analysis and Cox regression were used to evaluate factors associated with *** radiation effects(AREs)and occurrence of new neurological deficits were *** The study included 381 patients (median age:37.5 years(Q1–Q3:25.8–51.9))with 414 *** AHR from diagnosis to SRS excluding the first haemorrhage was 11.08 per 100 CCm-years and was reduced to 2.7 per 100 CCm-years after *** recurrent event analysis,SRS,HR 0.27(95%CI 0.17 to 0.44),pmorrhage,and the presence of developmental venous anomaly(DVA)with an increased risk,HR 1.60(95%CI 1.07 to 2.40),p=*** cumulative risk of first haemorrhage after SRS was 9.4%(95%CI 6%to 12.6%)at 5 years and 15.6%(95%CI%9 to 21.8%)at 10 *** doses>13 Gy,HR 2.27(95%CI 1.20 to 4.32),p=0.012 and the presence of DVA,HR 2.08(95%CI 1.00 to 4.31),p=0.049 were factors associated with higher probability of post-SRS ***-SRS haemorrhage was symptomatic in 22 out of 381(5.8%)patients,presenting with transient(15/381)or permanent(7/381)neurological *** occurred in 11.1%(46/414)CCm and was responsible for transient neurological deficit in 3.9%(15/381)of the patients and permanent deficit in 1.1%(4/381)of the *** doses>13 Gy and CCm volume>0.7 cc were associated with increased risk of ARE.

关键词： doses haemorrhagic diagnosis

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Spinal dural arteriovenous fistula:a comprehensive review of the history,classification systems,management,and prognosis

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Chinese Neurosurgical Journal 2024年第1期10卷 48-56页

作者： Ali Alkhaibary Ahoud Alharbi Nada Alnefaie Hajar Alammar Alshaymaa m.Arishy Noor Alghanim Yazeed m.Aldhfyan Arwa Albaiahy Yahya H.Khormi wael Alshaya Saad AlQahatani Ahmed Aloraidi Ahmed Alkhani Sami Khairy College of medicine King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health SciencesRiyadhSaudi Arabia King Abdullah International medical Research Center RiyadhSaudi Arabia Division of Neurosurgery Department of SurgeryKing Abdulaziz Medical CityMinistry of National Guard-Health AffairsRiyadhSaudi Arabia Department of Neurosurgery National Neurosciences InstituteKing Fahad Medical CityRiyadhSaudi Arabia College of medicine Jazan UniversityJazanSaudi Arabia Department of Neurosurgery King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research CenterRiyadhSaudi Arabia Department of Surgery Faculty of MedicineJazan UniversityJazanSaudi Arabia

Spinal dural arteriovenous fistulas account for the majority of spinal vascular *** are typically located in the thoracolumbar region and are diagnosed in the middle-aged and elderly *** spinal dural arteriovenous fistulas have been postulated to be acquired,their exact development remains ***,the arteriovenous shunt is situated close to the spinal nerve root,inside the dura mater,where the blood from the radiculomeningeal artery and radicular vein *** history,there have been multiple classification systems of spinal arteriovenous shunts since *** were mainly based on the evolution of diagnostic studies as well as the treatment of these *** classification systems have undergone significant changes over the *** intracranial dural arteriovenous fistula,spinal dural arteriovenous fistula is progressive in *** neurological manifestations,due to venous congestion,tend to be insidious as well as *** include sensory deficits,such as paresthesia,bilateral and/or unilateral radicular pain affecting the lower limbs,and gait *** dural arteriovenous fistulas can be suspected on magnetic resonance imaging/magnetic resonance angiography and confirmed by digital subtraction angiography(DSA).The management includes surgery,endovascular therapy,and in selected cases,*** treatment goal of spinal dural arteriovenous fistula is to halt the progression of the *** prognosis depends on both the duration of symptoms as well as the clinical condition prior to *** present article comprehensively reviews the pathophysiology,changes in classification systems,natural history,clinical manifestations,radiological features,management,and prognosis.

关键词： Connection Endovascular myelopathy Vascular

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Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of New 2,5-Disubstituted 1,3,4-Oxadiazoles and 1,2,4-Triazoles and Their Sugar Derivatives

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Chinese Journal of Chemistry 2012年第1期30卷 77-83页

作者： EI-Sayed, wael A. Ali, Omar m Hendy, Hend A AbdeI-rahman, Adel A.-H.t Department of Photochemistry National Research Centre Cairo Egypt Chemistry Department Northern Border University Afar Saudi Arabia Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Menoufia University Shebin El-Koam Egypt

A series of new 2,5-disubstituted-l,3,4-oxadiazole and 1,2,4-triazole derivatives were synthesized by hetero- cyclization of acid hydrazide I and thiosemicarbazide derivative 2. Furthermore, the acyclic C-nucleoside analogs were prepared by cyclization of their corresponding sugar hydrazones by reaction with acetic anhydride. The antimicrobial activity of the prepared compounds was evaluated and some of the synthesized compounds revealed good activities against fungi.

关键词： 1,3,4-oxadiazoles 1,2,4-triazoles sugar hydrazones acyclic nucleosides antimicrobial activity

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