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waterborne Diseases of Bacterial Origin in Relation to Quality of water in a suburb of Uttar Pradesh

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Biomedical and Environmental sciences 1997年第4期10卷 442-450页

作者： s·m·sAFDARAsAHRAF mOHAmmADYUNUs Facultyofmedicine HamdardTibbi Facultyofmedicine JawaharLalNehruMedicalCollege

waterborne disorders of bacterial origin, e. g. typhoid, bacillary dysentery and diarrheaare one of the major global health problems, especially in developing countries like India. Theprevalence of these diseases is largely dependent on the quality of water consumed by *** qua1ity of water in India is still below the WHO recommendation of zero fecal coliform/100 ml of *** present study was conducted in a suburb of Aligarh District of U. P. (India). A to-tal of l27o persons were selected by paying horne visits and followed up for a period of oneyear. The study revealed that morbidity was higher in standPOst group, i. e., 88. 3 % whilein piped water group it was 51. 8 %. The average episode of typhoid for both source of waterwas one while dysentery had 3 average episodes. The average episodes of diarrhea was 4 instand post and 3 in piped water group. In standPost group the rna jority of peop1e, (87. 6 % )were using unsatisfactory water as compared to 74. 4 % for piped water supply. The frequencyof typhoid was 1. 4 % bacillary dysentery 3. 4 % and diarrhea 7. 7 %. The occurrence of wa-terborne disorders of bacterial origin was common for typhoid in the 5-l2 years age groupbacillary dysentery for the l-5 years, and diarrhea for the o-5 years age group. The mor-bidity rate in standPost group was comparatively higher, i. e., 79. 6 %. The frequency for thestandpost group and piped water group for different diseases were, typhoid 1. 1 % and o. 7 %,bacillary dysentery 2. 7 % and 2. 2 %, and diarrhea 6. 1 % and 5. l %, respectively

关键词： waterborne Diseases of Bacterial Origin in Relation to Quality of water in a suburb of Uttar Pradesh

不同声音对草鱼幼鱼负趋音性行为反应影响研究

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渔业科学进展 2024年第4期45卷 86-96页

作者：何晨睿李晓兵达瓦尼玛旦增张占王艳占慧芬刘媛媛胡晓石小涛刘国勇三峡大学水利与环境学院湖北宜昌443002 湖北省鱼类过坝技术国际科技合作基地湖北宜昌443002 中水北方勘测设计研究有限责任公司天津300222 西藏自治区水利电力规划勘测设计研究院西藏拉萨850000 三峡大学土木与建筑学院湖北宜昌443002

声驱鱼技术作为辅助过鱼措施之一,承担着保证鱼类洄游顺利通过过鱼设施,继而保护鱼类资源和恢复河流连通性的重要作用。本研究采用交替播音的形式,以草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)幼鱼为研究对象进行负趋音性实验,旨在探究草鱼幼鱼面... 详细信息

声驱鱼技术作为辅助过鱼措施之一,承担着保证鱼类洄游顺利通过过鱼设施,继而保护鱼类资源和恢复河流连通性的重要作用。本研究采用交替播音的形式,以草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)幼鱼为研究对象进行负趋音性实验,旨在探究草鱼幼鱼面对不同声音的行为反应。实验水槽(3.6 m×1.1 m×1.0 m)布置于下牢溪周围水域,平均水深为0.5 m,平均流速为0.06 m/s。实验使用1种单频音(1 000 Hz)和5种复杂音(鱼游动声、引擎声、短吻鳄叫声、打桩声和游艇声),声压级(sound pressure level)为(117.69±2.77) dB re 1μPa,对照组为未播放声音时草鱼的行为反应数据。结果显示,播放复杂音时,草鱼的反应次数、趋音速度、运动时间比均显著高于单频音和对照组(Ps;受到引擎声刺激的草鱼初次反应时间最长,为(146.00±7.82) s,显著低于其他复杂音(Ps和(28.76±4.07) s;受到鱼游动声刺激的草鱼平均反应时间最长,为(64.76±17.82)s;复杂音中,受到鱼游动声刺激的草鱼运动时间比最高,为(98.47±0.48)%;受到引擎声刺激的草鱼运动时间比最低,为(94.58±0.54)%;播放单频音时,草鱼的反应次数、初次反应时间、平均反应时间、运动时间比均与对照组无显著差异(P>0.05)。本研究表明,5种复杂音(鱼游动声、引擎声、短吻鳄叫声、打桩声和游艇声)对草鱼幼鱼具有驱赶效果。本研究在丰富鱼类负趋音性研究的同时,为实际工程中声驱鱼辅助过鱼设施的设计和优化提供了科学依据。

关键词：负趋音性草鱼声驱鱼技术开放水域

Baseline survey of pregnant women's knowledge of treatment to prevent mother- to-child human immunodeficiency virus transmission in a resource limited setting

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical medicine 2008年第3期1卷 65-68页

作者： stephen Onwere Obioha Okoro Bright Chigbu Chuks Kamanu Christian Aluka Paul Feyi-wa-boso Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Abia State University Teaching HospitalP.M.B.7004AbaAbia StateNigeria

Despite continuing advances in scientific knowledge about treatments to prevent mother-to-child(mTCT)of the human immune deficiency virus(HIV),there is a paucity of data on pregnant women’s knowledge of treatments to prevent mTCT of HIV in Aba,south Eastern *** investigated pregnant women’s knowledge of the availability of treatments to prevent mTCT of HIV in the low resourced setting of Aba town in south Eastern Nigeria.A descriptive study involving 100 consecutive and consenting patients at the antenatal clinic of Abia state University Teaching Hospital(ABsUTH),Aba,south Eastern Nigeria over the period 1st November, 2007 to 30th November,*** a structured questionnaire,the respondents’sociodemographic data were obtained as well as their knowledge of the availability of treatments to prevent mother to child HIV transmission in pregnant women and self-reported data on their having ever tested for *** regarding availability of treatment to prevent mother to child transmission of HIV was good as 95%of the respondents were aware that such treatment was *** that treatment is available to help someone infected by HIV to live longer was also good as 96% of the respondents were aware of the availability of such *** one percent of the respondents had ever tested for *** levels of knowledge regarding the availability of treatment to prevent mother to child HIV transmission and to help someone infected with HIV are ***, utilization of anti-retroviral prophylaxis amongst HIV infected pregnant women in this community would be expected to be high if the drugs were *** will reduce the impact of HIV,especially in children.

关键词： knowledge treatment prevent human immuno-deficiency virus transmission pregnant women

Towards an actionable One Health approach

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贫困所致传染病(英文) 2024年第2期13卷 1-6页

作者： Zhang Xiao-Xi lederman Zohar Han le-Fei schurer Janna m. Xiao li-Hua Zhang Zhi-Bing Chen Qiu-lan Pfeiffer Dirk ward michael P. sripa Banchob Gabri?l sarah Dhama Kuldeep Acharya Krishna Prasad Robertson lucy J. Deem sharon l. Aenishaenslin Cécile Dantas-Torres Filipe Otranto Domenico Grace Delia wang yang li Peng Fu Chao Poeta Patrícia Rahman md. Tanvir Kassegne Kokouvi Zhu Yong-Zhang Yin Kun liu Jiming wang Zhao-Jun Guo Xiao-Kui Gong Wen-Feng schwartl?nder Bernhard Ren ming-Hui Zhou Xiao-Nong school of Global Health Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai People’s Republic of China Institute of One Health Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai People’s Republic of China medical Ethics and Humanities Unit Hong Kong University Hong Kong People’s Republic of China Center for One Health University of Global Health Equity Butaro Rwanda College of Veterinary medicine South China Agricultural University Guangzhou People’s Republic of China school of Ecology and Environment Hainan University Haikou Hainan People’s Republic of China Branch of animal and vector-borne diseases Division of Infectious Disease Control Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Beijing People’s Republic of China Centre for Applied One Health Research and Policy Advice Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences City University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR People’s Republic of China Department of Pathobiology and Population sciences Royal Veterinary College London United Kingdom sydney school of Veterinary science The University of Sydney Camden Australia Tropical Disease Research Center Department of Tropical Medicine Faculty of Medicine Khon Kaen University Khon Kaen Thailand laboratory of foodborne parasitic zoonoses Department of translational physiology infectiology and public health Chair Faculty Committee on Internationalisation Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Ghent University Merelbeke Belgium Division of Pathology ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI) Bareilly Uttar Pradesh India Department of livestock services Animal Quarantine Office-Kathmandu Budhanilkantha Kathmandu Nepal Parasitology Department of Paraclinical Sciences Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Norwegian University of Life Sciences ?s Norway One Government Drive Saint Louis Zoo Institute for Conservation Medicine St. Louis USA Groupe de Recherche en épidémi

Background Despite the increasing focus on strengthening One Health capacity building on global level, challenges remain in devising and implementing real-world interventions particularly in the Asia-Pacific region. Recognizing these gaps, the One Health Action Commission (OHAC) was established as an academic community for One Health action with an emphasis on research agenda setting to identify actions for highest *** text This viewpoint describes the agenda of, and motivation for, the recently formed OHAC. Recognizing the urgent need for evidence to support the formulation of necessary action plans, OHAC advocates the adoption of both bottom-up and top-down approaches to identify the current gaps in combating zoonoses, antimicrobial resistance, addressing food safety, and to enhance capacity building for context-sensitive One Health *** By promoting broader engagement and connection of multidisciplinary stakeholders, OHAC envisions a collaborative global platform for the generation of innovative One Health knowledge, distilled practical experience and actionable policy advice, guided by strong ethical principles of One Health.

关键词： One Health Global Health One Health Action Commission Research agenda

Finding biomarkers of experience in animals

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Journal of Animal science and Biotechnology 2024年第3期15卷 925-944页

作者： sarah Babington Alan J.Tilbrook shane K.maloney Jill N.Fernandes Tamsyn m.Crowley luoyang Ding Archa H.Fox song Zhang Elise A.Kho Daniel Cozzolino Timothy J.mahony Dominique Blache school of Agriculture and Environment The University of Western AustraliaCrawleyWA 6009Australia Centre for Animal science The Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food InnovationThe University of QueenslandSt LuciaQLD 4072Australia school of Veterinary science The University of QueenslandGattonQLD 4343Australia school of Human sciences The University of Western AustraliaCrawleyWA 6009Australia school of medicine Deakin UniversityGeelongVIC 3217Australia Poultry Hub Australia University of New EnglandArmidaleNSW 2350Australia College of Animal science and Technology Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225009China Centre for Nutrition and Food sciences The Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food InnovationThe University of QueenslandSt LuciaQLD 4072Australia

At a time when there is a growing public interest in animal welfare,it is critical to have objective means to assess the way that an animal experiences a *** is critical to ensure appropriate animal welfare *** behavioural,physiological,and neurobiological indicators that are used to assess animal welfare can verify the absence of extremely negative *** welfare is more than an absence of negative outcomes and an appropriate indicator should reflect the full spectrum of experience of an animal,from negative to *** this review,we draw from the knowledge of human biomedical science to propose a list of candidate biological markers(biomarkers)that should reflect the experiential state of non-human *** proposed biomarkers can be classified on their main function as endocrine,oxidative stress,non-coding molecular,and thermobiological *** also discuss practical challenges that must be addressed before any of these biomarkers can become useful to assess the experience of an animal in real-life.

关键词： Animal experience Animal welfare Biomarker stress Welfare assessment

An Improved Reverse Auction for Addressing water Quality in Agricultural watersheds Using Coupled simulation-Optimization models

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Frontiers of Economics in China-selected Publications from Chinese Universities 2014年第1期9卷 25-51页

作者： s. s. Rabotyagov A. Valcu T. Campbell P. W. Gassman m. Jha C. l. Kiing school of Forest Resources University of Washington Seattle WA 98195-2100 USA Department of Economics Iowa State University Ames IA 50011 USA Centre for Agriculture and Rural Development Iowa State University Ames IA 50011 USA College of Engineering North Carolina A&T State University Greensboro NC 27411 USA

As nutrients and sediment in agricultural watersheds continue to degrade water quality, attention is increasingly given to reverse auctions to cost-effectively address these pollutants. Typically, reverse auctions include a selection process which depends on both the monetary bid and a ranking of the environmental benefit, where the latter is often approximated using simple models, such as the Universal soil loss Equation （UslE）. When the environmental objective is to improve water quality, the cost-effectiveness of such ranking methods cannot always be assured since simple models may poorly approximate the effects on downstream water quality. In this paper, we introduce an alternative reverse auction approach that takes advantage of richer watershed process models and optimization tools that are now much more commonly available. This ＂improved＂ reverse auction allows decision-makers to better consider the cost-effective assignment of conservation practices and to address water quality or other environmental objectives. In a spatially detailed simulation, we demonstrate how this approach can improve the design of a reverse auction for the Raccoon River watershed in Iowa, and estimate the potential gains from using the simulation-optimization approach relative to simpler ranking methods for selecting bids. We also point out that simple bid ranking schemes may not yield sufficient nutrient reductions to achieve water quality goals but bids areeasily selected to achieve any feasible water quality improvement in the ＂improved＂ auction process.

关键词： water quality multiobjective optimization reverse auctions,cost-effectiveness agricultural nonpoint-source pollution simulation-optimizationapproaches

A compact electro-absorption modulator based on graphene photonic crystal fiber

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Chinese Physics B 2020年第3期29卷 238-244页

作者： Guangwei Fu Ying wang Bilin wang Kaili yang Xiaoyu wang Xinghu Fu wa Jin Weihong Bi school of Information science and Engineering Key Laboratory for Special Fiber and Fiber Sensor of Hebei ProvinceYanshan UniversityQinhuangdao 066004China

A compact electro-absorption modulator based on graphene photonic crystal fiber is proposed. To enhance the graphene–light interaction efficiency, the innermost six air-holes of photonic crystal fiber are replaced by two large semicircular holes, and monolayer graphene is deposited on the two large semicircular holes. By optimizing the structure parameters, a strong graphene–light interaction is obtained. moreover, the switch on–off point of the modulator is unchangeable,which is only related to the frequency of the incident light. The influence factors of this composite structure have been analyzed. The proposed modulator is compared with other graphene-based modulators, and the results show that it is filled without dielectric spacer. There are some excellent performances, such as an extinction ratio 7 dB of y-polarization mode,3-dB modulation bandwidth of 70 GHz with small footprint of 205 μm, and a consumption of energy per bit 59 pJ/bit.

关键词： graphene electro-absorption modulator finite element method

survey of international experts on research priorities to improve care for healthy ageing

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Family medicine and Community Health 2024年第3期12卷 36-39页

作者： matteo Cesari Yuka sumi Hyobum Jang Jotheeswaran Amuthavalli Thiyagarajan Yejin lee Rachel Albone marco Canevelli monica R Perracini Andrew m Briggs Anshu Banerjee Department of maternal NewbornChild and Adolescent Health and AgeingWorld Health OrganizationGenevaSwitzerland Department of Clinical sciences and Community Health University of MilanMilanItaly Department of Human Neuroscience Universitàdegli Studi di Roma La SapienzaRomeItaly Department of Neurobiology Care Sciences and SocietyStockholm UniversityStockholmSweden National Center for Disease Prevention and Health Promotion Italian National Institute of HealthRomeItaly master's and Doctoral Program in Physical Therapy Universidade Cidade de São PauloSão PauloBrazil Curtin school of Allied Health Curtin enAble InstituteCurtin UniversityPerthWAAustralia

INTRODUCTION The United Nations(UN)Decade of Healthy Ageing(2021–2030),coordinated by the World Health Organization(WHO),1 is a global collaborative initiative aimed at improving the lives of older people,their families and the communities.23 The Action Areas 3(ie,‘deliver person-centred,integrated care and primary health services responsive to older people’)and 4(ie,‘provide access to long-term care(lTC)for older people who need it’)of the Decade’s work programme focus on reorienting health and care systems to promote‘ageing in place’and the delivery of personalised interventions in a seamless continuum of care.

关键词： services ageing centre

Dynamics of water Flow in the Atmosphere-Aerial Roots Continuum

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Open Journal of Fluid Dynamics 2018年第4期8卷 404-415页

作者： médéhouénou Enagnon Alexis Kounouhéwa Bruno Basile Koutchadé Clément Centre Béninoise de la Recherche scientifique et de l’Innovation (CBRsI)-IRITEsE Université d’Abomey-Calavi (UAC) Faculté des sciences et Technique (FAsT) laboratoire de Physique du Rayonnement (lPR)

The study of the parameters influencing the absorption of atmospheric humidity not condensed by plants with aerial roots is a challenge in the current context of climatic disturbance where methods of adapting plants to water stress have become the concern of many scientific researchers. Based on Poiseuille and Fick laws, leaf water potential depending on solar radiation and atmospheric water potential around aerial roots;the influence of temperature, relative humidity, inclination angle of roots and solar radiation wavelength on the radial and axial water flow through a root segment is simulated. The various simulations show that a low temperature of the air surrounding the root favors a significant entry of water into the root as well as a relative humidity of the high air approaching 100%. The angle of inclination has an influence on the quantity of water entering the root and that rising in the xylem. These different streams of water are optimized for root tilting of 60°. The wavelength of the red radiation received by the leaves favors more entry and rise of water in the root. Future studies for transgenes should be taken into account the influence of all these parameters.

关键词： Plant Aerial Root Absorption Atmospheric Humidity