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Cyber Security within Smart Cities: A Comprehensive Study and a Novel Intrusion Detection-Based Approach

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Computers, materials and Continua 2024年第1期81卷 393-441页

作者： Houichi m. Jaidi f. Bouhoula A. University of.Carthage Higher School of Communication of Tunis (Sup’Com) Innov’Com Lab\Digital Security Research Lab Tunis 2083 Tunisia National School of.Engineers of.Carthage University of Carthage Tunis 2035 Tunisia Department of.Next-Generation Computing College of Graduate Studies Arabian Gulf University Manama 26671 Bahrain

The expansion of.smart cities, f.cilitated by digital communications, has resulted in an enhancement of.the quality of.lif. and satisf.ction among residents. The Internet of.Things (IoT) continually generates vast amounts of.data, which is subsequently analyzed to of.er services to residents. The growth and development of.IoT have given rise to a new paradigm. A smart city possesses the ability to consistently monitor and utilize the physical environment, providing intelligent services such as energy, transportation, healthcare, and entertainment f.r both residents and visitors. Research on the security and privacy of.smart cities is increasingly prevalent. These studies highlight the cybersecurity risks and the challenges f.ced by smart city inf.astructure in handling and managing personal data. To ef.ectively uphold individuals’ security and privacy, developers of.smart cities must earn the trust of.the public. In this article, we delve into the realms of.privacy and security within smart city applications. Our comprehensive study commences by introducing architecture and various applications tailored to smart cities. Then, concerns surrounding security and privacy within these applications are thoroughly explored subsequently. f.llowing that, we delve into several research endeavors dedicated to addressing security and privacy issues within smart city applications. f.nally, we emphasize our methodology and present a case study illustrating privacy and security in smart city contexts. Our proposal consists of.def.ning an Artif.cial Intelligence (AI) based f.amework that allows: Thoroughly documenting penetration attempts and cyberattacks; promptly detecting any deviations f.om security standards; monitoring malicious behaviors and accurately tracing their sources; and establishing strong controls to ef.ectively repel and prevent such threats. Experimental results using the Edge-IIoTset (Edge Industrial Internet of.Things Security Evaluation Test) dataset demonstra

关键词： cybersecurity digital communications intrusion detection privacy Smart cities

Research on f.ne-Grained Recognitionmethod f.r Sensitive Inf.rmation in Social Networks Based on CLIP

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Computers, materials and Continua 2024年第1期81卷 1565-1580页

作者： Zhang m. Shan f. Liu m. wang Z. School of.Computer Science Zhongyuan University of Technology Zhengzhou 450007 China Henan Key Laboratory of.Cyberspace Situation Awareness Zhengzhou 450001 China

With the emergence and development of.social networks, people can stay in touch with f.iends, f.mily, and colleaguesmore quickly and conveniently, regardless of.their location. This ubiquitous digital internet environment has also ledtolarge-scaledisclosureof.personal *** tothe complexity andsubtletyof.sensitive inf.rmation, traditional sensitive inf.rmation identif.cation technologies cannot thoroughly address the characteristics of.each piece of.data, thus weakening the deep connections between text and images. In this context, this paper adopts the CLIP model as a modality discriminator. By using comparative learning between sensitive image descriptions and images, the similarity between the images and the sensitive descriptions is obtained to determine whether the images contain sensitive inf.rmation. This provides the basis f.r identif.ing sensitive inf.rmation using dif.erent modalities. Specif.cally, if.the original data does not contain sensitive inf.rmation, only single-modality text-sensitive inf.rmation identif.cation is perf.rmed; if.the original data contains sensitive inf.rmation, multimodality sensitive inf.rmation identif.cation is conducted. This approach allows f.r dif.erentiated processing of.each piece of.data, thereby achieving more accurate sensitive inf.rmation identif.cation. The af.rementioned modality discriminator can address the limitations of.existing sensitive inf.rmation identif.cation technologies, making the identif.cation of.sensitive inf.rmation f.om the original data more appropriate and precise. © 2024 The Authors. Published by Tech Science Press.

关键词： Deep learning multi-modal f.sion sensitive inf.rmation recognition social networks

data-Driven Decision-making f.r Bank targetmarketing Using Supervised Learning Classif.ers on Imbalanced Big data

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Computers, materials and Continua 2024年第1期81卷 1703-1728页

作者： Nasir f. Ahmed A.A. SabirKiraz m. Yevseyeva I. Saif.m. School of.Computer Science and Inf.rmatics De Montfort University Leicester LE1 9BH United Kingdom f.culty of.Computer Science and Inf.rmation Technology Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia Johor 86400 Malaysia

Integrating machine learning and data mining is crucial f.r processing big data and extracting valuable insights to enhance decision-making. However, imbalanced target variables within big data present technical challenges that hinder the perf.rmance of.supervised learning classif.ers on key evaluation metrics, limiting their overall ef.ectiveness. This study presents a comprehensive review of.both common and recently developed Supervised Learning Classif.ers (SLCs) and evaluates their perf.rmance in data-driven decision-making. The evaluation uses various metrics, with a particular f.cus on the Harmonic mean Score (f.1 score) on an imbalanced real-world bank target marketing dataset. The f.ndings indicate that grid-search random f.rest and random-search random f.rest excel in Precision and area under the curve, while Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) outperf.rms other traditional classif.ers in terms of.f.1 score. Employing oversampling methods to address the imbalanced data shows signif.cant perf.rmance improvement in XGBoost, delivering superior results across all metrics, particularly when using the SmOTE variant known as the BorderlinesmOTE2 technique. The study concludes several key f.ctors f.r ef.ectively addressing the challenges of.supervised learning with imbalanced datasets. These f.ctors include the importance of.selecting appropriate datasets f.r training and testing, choosing the right classif.ers, employing ef.ective techniques f.r processing and handling imbalanced datasets, and identif.ing suitable metrics f.r perf.rmance evaluation. Additionally, f.ctors also entail the utilisation of.ef.ective exploratory data analysis in conjunction with visualisation techniques to yield insights conducive to data-driven decision-making. © 2024 The Authors. Published by Tech Science Press.

关键词： Big data data mining data visualization imbalanced dataset label encoding machine learning sampling techniques

High-Secured Image LSB Steganography Using AVL-Tree with Random RGB Channel Substitution

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Computers, materials and Continua 2024年第1期81卷 183-211页

作者： Njoum m. Sulaiman R. Shukur Z. Qamar f. Center of.Cyber Security Faculty of Information Science and Technology Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Selangor Bangi 43600 Malaysia Computer Science and Cyber Security Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology BirZeit University Ramallah P.O. Box 14 BirZeit Palestine

Random pixel selection is one of.the image steganography methods that has achieved signif.cant success in enhancing the robustness of.hidden data. This property makes it dif.icult f.r steganalysts’ powerf.l data extraction tools to detect the hidden data and ensures high-quality stego image generation. However, using a seed key to generate non-repeated sequential numbers takes a long time because it requires specif.c mathematical equations. In addition, these numbers may cluster in certain ranges. The hidden data in these clustered pixels will reduce the image quality, which steganalysis tools can detect. Theref.re, this paper proposes a data structure that saf.guards the steganographic model data and maintains the quality of.the stego image. This paper employs the Adelson-Velsky and Landis (AVL) tree data structure algorithm to implement the randomization pixel selection technique f.r data concealment. The AVL tree algorithm provides several advantages f.r image steganography. f.rstly, it ensures balanced tree structures, which leads to ef.icient data retrieval and insertion operations. Secondly, the self.balancing nature of.AVL trees minimizes clustering by maintaining an even distribution of.pixels, thereby preserving the stego image quality. The data structure employs the pixel indicator technique f.r Red, Green, and Blue (RGB) channel extraction. The green channel serves as the f.undation f.r building a balanced binary tree. f.rst, the sender identif.es the colored cover image and secret data. The sender will use the two least signif.cant bits (2-LSB) of.RGB channels to conceal the data’s size and associated inf.rmation. The next step is to create a balanced binary tree based on the green channel. Utilizing the channel pixel indicator on the LSB of.the green channel, we can conceal bits in the 2-LSB of.the red or blue channel. The f.rst f.ur levels of.the data structure tree will mask the data size, while subsequent levels will conceal the remaining digits of.s

关键词： AVL tree capacity Image steganography imperceptibility peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) pixel random selection (PRS)

Herbal compounds as promising therapeutic agents in precision medicine strategies f.r cancer:A systematic review

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Journal of.Integrative medicine 2024年第2期22卷 137-162页

作者： Bizhar Ahmed tayeb Ikhwan Yuda Kusuma Alaa A.m.Osman Renáta minorics Institute of.Pharmacodynamics and Biopharmacy Faculty of PharmacyUniversity of Szeged6720 SzegedHungary Institution of.Clinical Pharmacy Faculty of PharmacyUniversity of Szeged6725 SzegedHungary Department of.Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice Faculty of PharmacyUniversity of Gezira20 Wad MadaniSudan Pharmacy Study Program Facuity of HealthUniversitas Harapan BangsaPurwokerto 53182Indonesia

Background:The f.eld of.personalized medicine has gained increasing attention in cancer care,with the aim of.tailoring treatment strategies to individual patients f.r improved *** medicine,with its long-standing historical use and extensive bioactive compounds,of.ers a rich source of.potential treatments f.r various diseases,including ***:To provide an overview of.the current knowledge and evidence associated with incorporating herbal compounds into precision medicine strategies f.r cancer ***,to explore the general characteristics of.the studies included in the analysis,f.cusing on their key f.atures and *** strategy:A comprehensive literature search was conducted f.om multiple online databases,including Pub med,Scopus,Web of.Science,and *** search strategy was designed to identif. studies related to personalized cancer medicine and herbal *** criteria:Publications pertaining to cancer research conducted through in vitro,in vivo,and clinical studies,employing natural products were included in this *** extraction and analysis:Two review authors independently applied inclusion and inclusion criteria,data extraction,and assessments of.methodological *** quality assessment and biases of.the studies were evaluated based on modif.ed Jadad scales.A detailed quantitative summary of.the included studies is presented,providing a comprehensive description of.their key f.atures and ***:A total of.121 studies were included in this review f.r *** of.them were considered as comprehensive experimental investigations both in vitro and in *** majority(n=85)of.the studies included in this review were conducted in vitro,with 44 of.them specif.cally investigating the ef.ects of.herbal medicine on animal ***,7 articles with a combined sample size of.31,271 patients,examined the impact of.herbal medicine in clinical ***:Personal

关键词： Cancer Herbal medicine Personalized medication Active phytochemicals Natural compound

Tuning mXenes Towards Their Use in Photocatalytic water Splitting

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Energy & Environmental materials 2024年第6期7卷 321-331页

作者： Diego Ontiveros Sergi Vela f.ancesc Viñes Carmen Sousa Departament de Ciència de materials i Química f.sica&Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional(IQTCUB) Universitat de Barcelonac/Martíi Franquès 1-1108028 BarcelonaSpain

f.nding appropriate photocatalysts f.r solar-driven water(H_(2)O)splitting to generate hydrogen(H_(2))f.el is a challenging task,particularly when guided by conventional trial-and-error experimental ***,density f.nctional theory(Df.)is used to explore the mXenes photocatalytic properties,an emerging f.mily of.two-dimensional(2D)transition metal carbides and nitrides with chemical f.rmula m_(n+1)X_(n)T_(x),known to be semiconductors when having T_(x)*** than 4,000 mXene structures have been screened,considering dif.erent compositional(m,X,T_(x),and n)and structural(stacking and termination position)f.ctors,to f.nd suitable mXenes with a bandgap in the visible region and band edges that align with the water-splitting half.reaction *** f.om bandgap analysis show how,in general,mXenes with n=1 and transition metals f.om group III present the most cases with bandgap and promising sizes,with C-mXenes being superior to *** band alignment calculations of.candidate systems with a bandgap larger than 1.23 eV,the minimum required f.r a water-splitting process,Sc_(2)CT_(2),Y_(2)CT_(2)(T_(x)=Cl,Br,S,and Se)and Y_(2)CI_(2)are highlighted as adequate photocatalysts.

关键词： Density f.nctional Theory mXenes Photocatalysis water Splitting

Control and vibration analyses of.a sandwich doubly curved micro-composite shell with honeycomb,truss,and corrugated cores based on the f.urth-order shear def.rmation theory

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Applied mathematics and mechanics(English Edition) 2024年第10期45卷 1773-1790页

作者： f.SHIRDELAN m.mOHAmmADImEHR f.BARGOZINI Department of.Solid mechanics Faculty of Mechanical EngineeringUniversity of KashanKashan 87317-53153Iran

Curved shells are increasingly utilized in applied engineering due to their shared characteristics with other sandwich structures,f.exibility,and attractive ***,the inability of.controlling and regulating vibrations and destroying them af.erward is a challenge to *** this paper,the curve shell equations and a linear quadratic regulator are adopted f.r the state f.edback design to manage the structure vibrations in state space f.rms.A f.ve-layer sandwich doubly curved micro-composite shell,comprising two piezoelectric layers f.r the sensor and actuator,is modeled by the f.urth-order shear def.rmation *** core(honeycomb,truss,and corrugated)is analyzed f.r the bearing of.transverse shear *** results show that the honeycomb core has a greater ef.ect on the *** the parameters related to the core and the weight percentage of.graphene increase,the f.equency *** unif.rm distribution of.graphene platelets results in the lowest natural f.equency while the natural f.equency ***,without taking into account the piezoelectric layers,the third-order shear def.rmation theory(TSDT)and f.urth-order shear def.rmation theory(f.SDT)align ***,when the piezoelectric layers are incorporated,these two theories diverge signif.cantly,with the f.equencies in the f.SDT being lower than those in the TSDT.

关键词： vibration and control doubly curved shell micro-composite honeycomb truss corrugate core

The viscous strip approach to simplif. the calculation of.the surf.ce acoustic wave generated streaming

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Applied mathematics and mechanics(English Edition) 2024年第4期45卷 711-724页

作者： f.JAZINI DORCHEH m.GHASSEmI f.el Cells and Nano Systems(f.NS)Laboratory Department of Mechanical EngineeringK.N.Toosi University of TechnologyTehran 19697Iran

In recent decades,the importance of.surf.ce acoustic waves,as a biocompatible tool to integrate with microf.uidics,has been proven in various medical and biological *** numerical modeling of.acoustic streaming caused by surf.ce acoustic waves in microchannels requires the ef.ect of.viscosity to be considered in the equations which complicates the *** this paper,it is shown that the major contribution of.viscosity and the horizontal component of.actuation is concentrated in a narrow region alongside the actuation *** the inviscid equations are considerably easier to solve,a division into the viscous and inviscid domains would alleviate the computational load *** particles'traces calculated by this approximation are excellently alongside their counterparts f.om the completely viscous *** is also shown that the optimum thickness f.r the viscous strip is about 9-f.ld the acoustic boundary layer thickness f.r various f.ow patterns and amplitudes of.actuation.

关键词： surf.ce acoustic wave microf.uidics numerical simulation particle tracing acoustic streaming

modelling dynamic pantograph loads with combined numerical analysis

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Railway Engineering Science 2024年第1期32卷 81-94页

作者： f.f.Jackson R.mishra J.m.Rebelo J.Santos P.Antunes J.Pombo H.magalhaes L.Wills m.Askill School of.Computing and Engineering University of HuddersfieldHuddersfieldUK School of.Computing and Engineering Institute of Railway ResearchUniversity of HuddersfieldHuddersfieldUK IDmEC Instituto Superior TecnicoUniversidade de LisboaLisbonPortugal ISEL Instituto Politecnico de LisboaLisbonPortugal Hitachi Rail Newton AycliffeUK wabtec/Brecknell Willis ChardUK

Appropriate interaction between pantograph and catenary is imperative f.r smooth operation of.electric *** heights of.overhead lines to accommodate level crossings,overbridges,and tunnels pose signif.cant challenges in maintaining consistent current collection perf.rmance as the pantograph aerodynamic prof.le,and thus aerodynamic load changes signif.cantly with operational *** research aims to analyse the global f.ow characteristics and aerodynamic f.rces acting on individual components of.an HSX pantograph operating in dif.erent conf.gurations and orientations,such that the results can be combined with multibody simulations to obtain accurate dynamic insight into contact ***,computational f.uid dynamics simulations are used to investigate the pantograph component loads in a representative setting,such as that of.the recessed cavity on a Class 800 *** an aerodynamic perspective,this study indicates that the total drag f.rce acting on non-f.xed components of.the pantograph is larger f.r the knuckle-leading orientation rather than the knuckle-trailing,although the dif.erence between the two is f.und to reduce with increasing pantograph *** the aerodynamic loads acting on individual components with multibody tools allows f.r realistic dynamic insight into the pantograph *** results obtained show how considering aerodynamic f.rces enhance the realism of.the models,leading to behaviour of.the pantograph-catenary contact f.rces closely matching that seen in experimental tests.

关键词： Pantograph-catenary interaction Pantograph aerodynamics Computational f.uid dynamics Pantograph loads Current collection perf.rmance