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数据库管理系统模糊测试技术研究综述

软件学报 2025年第1期36卷 399-423页

作者：梁杰吴志镛符景洲朱娟姜宇孙家广清华大学软件学院湖北文理学院物理与电子工程学院

数据库管理系统(DBMS)是用于高效存储、管理、分析数据的基础软件,在现代数据密集型应用中起着举足轻重的作用.数据库管理系统中存在的漏洞则对数据的安全性和应用的正常运行造成巨大威胁.模糊测试是当前最为流行的动态漏洞检测技术之一... 详细信息

数据库管理系统(DBMS)是用于高效存储、管理、分析数据的基础软件,在现代数据密集型应用中起着举足轻重的作用.数据库管理系统中存在的漏洞则对数据的安全性和应用的正常运行造成巨大威胁.模糊测试是当前最为流行的动态漏洞检测技术之一,它已经被应用于分析DBMS,并发现许多漏洞.分析DBMS的测试需求和难点,提出对DBMS进行模糊测试的一般框架,同时分析DBMS模糊测试工具面临的挑战和需要支持的维度;接着从挖掘不同类型漏洞的角度介绍典型的DBMS模糊测试工具;然后总结包括SQL表达式合成、代码覆盖追踪、测试准则构建在内的DBMS模糊测试的关键技术.接着就测试的覆盖率,生成测试用例的语法语义正确性和漏洞的发现能力对当前的几个流行模糊测试工具进行评估.最后,讨论当前DBMS模糊测试技术研究和实践中面临的问题,并对未来的研究方向进行展望.

关键词：数据库管理系统模糊测试漏洞挖掘

Effects of combined immune therapy on survival and Th1/Th2 cytokine balance in rat orthotopic liver transplantation

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Chinese Medical Journal 2007年第20期120卷 1809-1812页

作者： CAO Hui LIU Hua wu zhi-yong Department of General Surgery Renji Hospital Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai 200127 China

Background The induction of immune tolerance and suppression of allograft rejection has become the focus in the study of liver transplantation. The effect of immune therapy with anti-CD40L mAb alone or in combination with cyclosporine A （CsA） on the recipient survival and Th1/Th2 cytokine profile was studied to elucidate its immunological mechanism and role in rat orthotopic liver transplantation.Methods The model of rat orthotopic liver transplantation was established by modified Kamada＇s technique. Recipients were divided into group A （control group）： SD→SD; group B （group of rejection）： SD→Wistar without any treatment; group C： SD→Wistar with CsA monotherapy from day 1 to day 5; and group D： SD→Wistar with CsA from day 1 to day 5 and anti-CD40L mAb on day 0 and day 2. The survival of the recipients in all groups was observed and ELISA technique was used to detect the level of cytokines in peripheral blood on post-transplant day 7.Results The survival period of recipients in groups A （〉60 days） and D （〉60 days） was significantly longer than that in group B （13.8±2.4 days）. The serum levels of interleukin 2 （IL-2） and interferon y in group B were significantly higher than those in other groups; the level of tumor necrosis factor a was higher but not statistically significant. In contrast, the serum levels of IL-4 and IL-10 in group D were elevated more significantly than those in group B （P〈0.05）.Conclusions Combined immune therapy can prolong the survival of al log rafts. Increased expression of Th2 cytokines, which is closely related to the induction of tolerance and suppression of rejection, is beneficial to the long-term survival of recipients and allografts.

关键词： immune therapy orthotopic liver transplantation recipient survival Th1/Th2 cytokines

Operative treatment for patients with cholelithiasis and liver cirrhosis

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2007年第5期6卷 479-482页

作者： Xu, Qing Gu, Lei wu, zhi-yong Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ Sch Med Dept Gen Surg Renji Hosp Shanghai 200127 Peoples R China

BACKGROUND: Liver cirrhosis and cholelithiasis are both familiar diseases in China. However, the rates of operative complications and death are still high in patients with these diseases. This study was designed to determine the operative indications as well as suitable procedures in the treatment of patients with cholelithiasis and liver cirrhosis. METHODS: We studied retrospectively 60 patients with cholelithiasis and liver cirrhosis who had undergone operation from January 2000 to July 2006. We analyzed the loss of blood during operation, postoperative complications and death rate to determine the proper treatment. RESULTS: Fifty patients were cured and 10 (16.7%) died postoperatively, i.e., six patients died from hepatic-renal failure and multisystem organ dysfunction and 4 from massive bleeding in the gallbladder bed. The 10 patients were clearly correlated with the Child-Pugh classification: Child A (8%), Child B (20%) and Child C (30%). Postoperative bleeding occurred in 10 patients (16.7%), intraabdominal in 6 and gastrointestinal in 4. Seven of the 10 patients with bleeding died postoperatively. CONCLUSIONS: The proper perioperative management of patients with cholelithiasis and liver cirrhosis can decrease the mortality. Cholelithiasis should be managed first by emergency operation. It is safe for the patients of Child A to undergo laparoscopy. It is very safe for patients with cirrhosis and cholelithiasis to undergo devascularization and shunt operation followed by biliary tract surgery.

关键词： cholelithiasis liver cirrhosis portal hypertension operation bleeding operative indications

Treatment of a patient with obstructive jaundice and extrahepatic portal hypertension

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2009年第4期8卷 428-430页

作者： Xu, Qing Gu, Lei wu, zhi-yong Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ Sch Med Renji Hosp Dept Gen Surg Shanghai 200127 Peoples R China

BACKGROUND: Recurrence of inflammation in the extrahepatic bile duct can lead to bile duct stenosis' obstructive jaundice and cavernous transformation of the portal vein. The latter can develop into extrahepatic portal hypertension (PHT). It is difficult to establish the correct method for treating these conditions. METHODS: At another hospital, a 51-year-old man developed PHT as a result of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and endoscopic nasobiliary drainage to relieve cholelithiasis and obstructive jaundice. We dealt with the biliary tract obstruction through percutaneous transhepatic cholangial drainage (PTCD), followed by selective devascularization and a shunt operation 2 weeks after the disappearance of jaundice. Three months after cholecystojejunostomy, there were no obvious changes around the bile duct. RESULT: The patient recovered uneventfully and was discharged 14 days after operation. CONCLUSION: For this patient, surgery in stages was the best choice. The most suitable method to decrease jaundice is PTCD.

关键词： biliary obstruction extrahepatic portal hypertension surgical procedure damage control surgery

Role of nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase in hyperdynamic splanchnic circulation of portal hypertension

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2008年第5期7卷 503-508页

作者： Xu, Jia Cao, Hui Liu, Hua wu, zhi-yong Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ Dept Gen Surg Renji Hosp Sch Med Shanghai 200127 Peoples R China

BACKGROUND: Nitric oxide (NO) and prostacyclin (PGI(2)) are both powerful vasoactive substances correlated with the hyperhemodynamics of portal hypertension (PHT), a common syndrome characterized by a pathological increase in portal venous pressure. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the possible interaction between these two endothelial vasodilators, together with their respective roles in the hyperdynamic splanchnic circulation of PHT. METHODS: Ninety-six male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups: intrahepatic portal hypertension (IHPH) induced by injection of CCI4 (n=31), prehepatic portal hypertension (PHPH) induced by partial stenosis of the portal vein (n=33), and sham-operated controls (SO) (n=32). Animals of each group received indomethacin (INDO), a cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor, either short-term (7 days) or long-term (15 days), with saline as control. Free portal pressure (FPP), together with the concentration of NO and PGI(2) in serum were measured. The activity of constitutive nitric oxide synthase (cNOS) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in the abdominal aorta and small intestine were determined by spectrophotometry. RT-PCR was performed to measure the levels of cNOS and iNOS mRNA in the arteries and small intestines. RESULTS: Compared with SO rats, the concentrations of NO and PGI(2) in PHT rats were elevated, which were consistent with the increased FPP (P<0.05). Although administration of INDO persistently decreased the concentration of PGI(2) in serum (P<0.05), the long-term INDO-treated IHPH and PHPH groups had restored splanchnic hyperdynamic circulation, demonstrated by the enhanced FPP (P<0.05). Furthermore, the changes of dynamic circulatory state in both IHPH and PHPH rats were concomitant with the expression and activity of iNOS and the concentration of NO (P<0.05). Although the expression and activity of cNOS in abdominal aorta of PHT rats were higher than in SO rats (P<0.05), there was no diff

关键词： portal hypertension hyperdynamic circulation nitric oxide synthase prostacyclin

Computed tomography in diagnosing vascular invasion in pancreatic and periampullary cancers: a systematic review and meta-analysis

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2009年第5期8卷 457-464页

作者： Zhao, Wen-Yi Luo, Meng Sun, yong-Wei Xu, Qing Chen, Wei Zhao, Gang wu, zhi-yong Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ Sch Med Dept Gen Surg Renji Hosp Shanghai 200127 Peoples R China

BACKGROUND: Preoperative diagnosis of local vascular invasion is very important to the selection of therapeutic protocols and prediction of the prognosis of pancreatic and periampullary cancers. This meta-analysis was designed to evaluate the accuracy of computed tomography (CT) in diagnosing vascular invasion in patients with pancreatic and periampullary cancers. DATA SOURCES: English-language articles reporting diagnostic accuracy of CT for vascular invasion in pancreatic and periampullary cancers were searched from the MEDLINE and PubMed databases. A meta-analysis was conducted to estimate pooled sensitivity, specificity, likelihood ratios, and diagnostic odds ratios. RESULTS: Data were extracted from 18 studies that met the inclusion criteria. The pooled sensitivity and specificity of CT in diagnosing vascular invasion were 77% and 81%. Since CT technology improved in different periods, in the recent five years (2004-2008) CT has shown a higher diagnostic accuracy, and the pooled sensitivity and specificity increased to 85% and 82%, respectively. Subgroup analysis of CT studies was made to determine the involvement of different vessels, and the pooled sensitivities for the invasion of the venous system, portal vein, and arterial system were 75%, 75%, and 68%, and the pooled specificities were 84%, 91%, and 92%, respectively. For CT imaging with vascular reconstruction, the pooled sensitivity and specificity were 84% and 85%, higher than the estimates in studies without reconstruction. CONCLUSIONS: Developed CT technology with vascular reconstruction is used as an imaging modality for diagnosing vascular invasion at present. Further combined application of various imaging modalities may improve the accuracy of diagnosis, especially for smaller vessel involvement, such as the superior mesenteric vein or artery, which are difficult to demarcate.

关键词： pancreatic neoplasms diagnosis computed tomography surgery

Role of 2-dimensional Doppler echo-cardiography in screening portopulmonary hypertension in portal hypertension patients

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2009年第2期8卷 157-161页

作者： Hua, Rong Sun, yong-Wei wu, zhi-yong Cheng, Wei Xu, Qing Cao, Hui Luo, Meng Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ Sch Med Renji Hosp Dept Gen Surg Shanghai 200127 Peoples R China

BACKGROUND: Portopulmonary hypertension (PPH) is difficult to recognize in the early and middle stages because it is frequently asymptomatic. As right ventricular function is impaired in patients with moderate and severe PPH, any dramatic hemodynamic changes in liver transplantation or other procedures may result in death from pulmonary and cardiac events. In this study, we investigated the prevalence of PPH in patients with portal hypertension (PHT) mainly caused by hepatitis B virus, and evaluated the effect of 2-dimensional Doppler echocardiography (2D-ECHO) in screening for PPH. METHODS: One hundred and five PHT patients received transthoracic 2D-ECHO preoperatively, systolic pulmonary arterial pressure (SPAP, normal range = 120 msec) were measured to screen for PPH (positive result: SPAP >= 30 mmHg and/or PAT 30 mmHg. The mean PAT of all patients was 140 23 msec and 5 were <100 msec. Twenty-two patients were screened out by 2D-ECHO and 4 were diagnosed by RHC. A positive significant correlation (r=0.55, P<0.01) was found between SPAP measured by 2D-ECHO and mean pulmonary artery pressure (MPAP) measured by RHC, and a weak but significant negative correlation (r=-0.27, P=0.005) existed between PAT and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR). The sensitivity, specificity, agreement rate, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of the screening test were 100%, 82%, 83%, 18% and 100%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of PPH in th

关键词： portopulmonary hypertension 2-dimensional Doppler echocardiography right heart catheterization prevalence diagnosis

Evaluation of surgical procedure selection based on intraoperative free portal pressure measurement in patients with portal hypertension

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2010年第3期9卷 269-274页

作者： Sun, yong-Wei Chen, Wei Luo, Meng Hua, Rong Liu, Wei Huo, Yan-Miao wu, zhi-yong Cao, Hui Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ Renji Hosp Dept Gen Surg Sch Med Shanghai 200127 Peoples R China

BACKGROUND: Various surgical procedures can be used to treat liver cirrhosis and portal hypertension. How to select the most appropriate procedure for patients with portal hypertension has become a difficult problem. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between the value of intraoperative free portal pressure (FPP) and postoperative complications, and to explore the significance of intraoperative FPP measurement with respect to surgical procedure selection. METHODS: The clinical data of 187 patients with portal hypertension who received pericardial devascularization and proximal splenorenal shunt combined with devascularization (combined operation) at the Department of General Surgery in our hospital from January 2001 to September 2008 were retrospectively analyzed. Among the patients who received pericardial devascularization, those with a postoperative FPP >= 22 mmHg were included in a high-pressure group (n=68), and those with FPP <22 mmHg were in a low-pressure group (n=49). Seventy patients who received the combined operation comprised a combined group. The intraoperative FPP measurement changes at different times, and the incidence of postoperative complications in the three groups of patients were compared. RESULTS. The postoperative FPP value in the high-pressure group was 27.5 +/- 2.3 mmHg, which was significantly higher than that of the low-pressure (20.9 +/- 1.8 mmHg) or combined groups (21.7 +/- 2.5 mmHg). The rebleeding rate in the high-pressure group was significantly higher than that in the low-pressure and combined groups. The incidence rates of postoperative hepatic encephalopathy and liver failure were not statistically different among the three groups. The mortality due to rebleeding in the low-pressure and combined groups (0.84%) was significantly lower than that of the high-pressure group. CONCLUSIONS: The study demonstrates that FPP is a critical measurement for surgical procedure selection in patients with portal hypertension. A FPP va

关键词： hypertension, portal hemodynamics devascularization splenorenal shunt, surgical

Trends of Extreme Flood Events in the Pearl River Basin during 1951-2010

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Advances in Climate Change Research 2013年第2期4卷 110-116页

作者： wu zhi-yong LU Gui-Hua LIU zhi-Yu WANG Jin-Xing XIAO Heng Institute of Water Problems Hohai University National Engineering Research Center of Water Resources Effcient Utilization and Engineering Safety HohaiUniversity Water Resources Information Center of the Ministry of Water Resources

The study investigated the trend of extreme flood events in the Pearl River basin during 1951-2010. Stream flow data at 23 gauging stations were used for the study. The Pearson type III distribution was selected for the flood frequency analysis. Results indicate that extreme flood events increase significantly in the Pearl River Basin since 1980. At the 23 gauging stations, there are 16 (70%) stations show positive (increasing) trends in 1981-2010. Most of the 16 stations are located along the West River and North River. While 7 (30%) stations show negative (decreasing) trends, and are found in the East River and the southeast region of the West River Basin.

关键词： flood trend climate change Pearl River Basin