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Aridity/humidity status of land surface in china {1.ring the last three decades

Science china Earth {1. 2005年第9期48卷 1510-1518页

作者： wu shaohong1, yin yunhe1,2. {2. du1 & yang qinye1 1. institute of geographical sciences and Natural Resources research, chinese academy of sciences (CAS), beijing 100101,{12. 2. Graduate School of the CAS, beijing 10003.,{12. institute of {1. {2. and Natural Resources {3. Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Beijing China Graduate School of the CAS Beijing China

To clarify aridity/humidity status of land surface is helpful for studying environmental background and regional differences, seeking causes of environmental change, and providing a scientific basis for {1.es on climate change in the future. In this paper, the authors calcu- lated potential evapotranspiration of{2. using data from 61. meteorological stations during the period of 1.71.2.00 with the Penman-Monteith model recommanded by FAO in 1.98. Vy- sothkii’s model was used to calculate aridity/humidity index. Then the calculated results of sta- tions were interpolated to land surface using ArcGIS. Results show that the annual average po- tential evapotranspiration is 400―1.00 mm in the whole country, 600―800 mm in most parts of it; and 3.0―1.00 mm in growing season (April―Octobor), which is nearly 2.0 mm less than the annual average. According to the aridity/humidity indexes of 1.0, 1.5 and 4.0, the aridity/humidity status is categorized to four types, namely, humid, subhumid, semiarid and arid. A majority of stations (76%) are more humid in growing season than the annual average. Results of com- prisons between the distribution map of aridity/humidity index with that of precipitation and vegetation indicate a good consistence of aridity/humidity status with natural environment. Therefore potential evapotranspiration calculated with modified FAO’s Penman-Monteith model in combination with aridity/humidity index that considers water balance can more reasonably explain the actual land surface aridity/humidity status of{2..

关键词： potential evapotranspiration, aridity/humidity status, land surface, regional differences, Penman-Monteith.

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STATISTICAL RELATIONS BETWEEN GEOMORPHIC PARAMETERS——A CASE STUDY OF THE YUNNAN REACH OF THE LANCANGJIANG RIVER IN SOUTHWESTERN china

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International Journal of Sediment research 2007年第2期22卷 131-141页

作者： Suiji WANG1, shaohong wu2.and Erfu DAI3.,3.Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes, {2. of geographical sciences and Natural Resources research, chinese academy of sciences, beijing, 100101, china, 2.Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes, {2. of geographical sciences and Natural Resources research, chinese academy of sciences, beijing, 100101, china, chinese Acad Sci Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res Key Lab Water Cycle & Related Land Surface Proc Beijing 100101 Peoples R China

The properties of rivers and their catchments can be expressed by statistical relationships between geomorphic parameters. These statistical relationships may reveal some inherent differences in geomorphic evolution for different reaches or different order tributaries of a river basin. A case study was undertaken of the Yunnan reach of the Langcangjiang River. The catchment area, channel length and gradient of the first-, second- and third-order tributaries all with catchment areas larger than 1.0 km2.in the Yunnan reach were the main geomorphic parameters evaluated. The correlation between catchment area and channel length as well as between catchment area and channel gradient with respect to the total tributaries, different reach tributaries, and different order tributaries were revealed using statistical methods. In general, the channel length as a function of catchment area, was best expressed by a quadratic function where channel length increases with increasing catchment area (half parabola), while the channel gradient as a function of catchment area is best expressed by an exponential decay function. Comparison of the best-fit formulas revealed the following phenomena: the lower Yunnan reach tributaries and the first-order tributaries have a dominant effect on geomorphic parameters of the total tributaries. In addition, the statistical relationships indicate that the river geomorphic system in the upper and lower Yunnan reaches evolved differently. This study method used to differentiate river characteristics by determining statistical relationships between geomorphic parameters may be extended to other rivers and their catchments.

关键词： River catchment Geomorphic parameter Correlation River characteristics

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Regional difference of aridity/humidity conditions change over china {1.ring the last thirty years

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chinese Science Bulletin 2005年第19期50卷 2226-2233页

作者： yin {1. {2. {3. zheng du yang Qingye institute of {1. {2. and Natural Resources {3. Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China Graduate School of the {1. academy of Sclences.'{{3. 1.003. China institute of Tibetan Plateau {1. Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 China

The meteorological data of 61. stations in china were used to calculate the potential evapotranspira-tion and aridity/humidity index by appl{1.g the modified FAO-Penman-Monteith model. Regional difference of trends in precipitation, potential evapotranspiration and arid-ity/humidity index over china and their interdecadal varia-tions were analyzed from 1.71.to 2.00. The results show that all the four climatic factors trends have obvious regional difference and interdecadal variations. Annual precipitation during the 3.-year period shows an increasing trend over most regions of china, with decreasing trends in potential evapotranspiration and aridity/humidity index. Most regions in china become more humid, especially significant in northern Xinjiang, eastern Tibet, western Sichuan, and northern Yunnan. The average value over china would mask the regional difference of climate change because of the com-plex environmental condition in china. Therefore regional difference should be analyzed to further understand climate change and its impacts. Both water supply and demand need to be considered when attempting to study regional arid-ity/humidity conditions.

关键词：土壤水分蒸发损失总量干旱现象湿度气候因素

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Climatic trends over the Tibetan Plateau during 1.71.{1.00

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Journal of geographical {1. 2007年第2期17卷 141-151页

作者： wu {1. {2. {3. zheng du yang qinye institute of Geographic {1. and Natural Resources {2. CAS Beijing 100101 China institute of Tibetan Plateau {1. CAS Beijing 100085 China

Trends of annual and monthly temperature, precipitation, potential evapotranspiration and aridity index were analyzed to understand climate change during the period 1.71.{1.00 over the Tibetan Plateau which is one of the most special regions sensitive to global climate change. FAO56-Penmen-Monteith model was modified to calculate potential evapotranspiration which integrated many climatic elements including maximum and minimum temperatures, solar radiation, relative humidity and wind speed. Results indicate generally warming trends of the annual averaged and monthly temperatures, increasing trends of precipitation except in April and September, decreasing trends of annual and monthly potential evapotranspiration, and increasing aridity index except in September. It is not the isolated climatic elements that are important to moisture conditions, but their integrated and simultaneous effect. Moreover, potential evapotranspiration often changes the effect of precipitation on moisture conditions. The climate trends suggest an important warm and humid tendency averaged over the southern plateau in annual period and in August. Moisture conditions would probably get drier at large area in the headwater region of the three rivers in annual average and months from April to November, and the northeast of the plateau from July to September. Complicated climatic trends over the Tibetan Plateau reveal that climatic factors have nonlinear relationships, and resulte in much uncertainty together with the scarcity of observation data. The results would enhance our understanding of the potential impact of climate change on environment in the Tibetan Plateau. Further research of the sensitivity and attribution of climate change to moisture conditions on the plateau is necessary.

关键词： climatic trend evapotranspiration Penman-Monteith Tibetan Plateau china

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Eco-geographic Environment and Regional Development in Xinjiang of china

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chinese {1. Science 2010年第1期20卷 74-83页

作者： XIA Fuqiang DAI Erfu zheng {1. wu {{3. yang qinye institute of Geographic {1. and Natural Resources {2. Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China Xinjiang institute of Ecology and Geography Chinese Academy of Sciences Urumqi 830011 China Graduate University of {1. academy of {{3. Beijing 100049 China

The study on relationship between eco-geographic environment （EGE） and regional development （RD） is of theoretical and practical significance to promote the comprehensive study on nature and human factors and regional coordination development. Based on the evaluation index system and models of EGE and RD, Quadrant Analysis Method （QAM） and the Coordination Degree and Coordinated Development Degree Model （CDCDDM） were applied to studying the relationship between EGE and RD in Xinjiang in this paper. The results show that Xinjiang can be divided into four type regions according to the relationship between EGE and RD, namely high coordination region （HCR）, overloading development region （ODR）, low coordination region （LCR） and potential development region （PDR）. Most areas of Xinjiang belong to LCR which can not bear a larger population and support large-scale economic development. HCR, ODR and PDR, which are mainly distributed in piedmont oases and take basin as unit, should be focused on in the development of Xinjiang. The EGE has great influence on RE）, and there is serious contradiction between them. Relevant suggestions on development strategies were put forward according to the character of different type regions, and the key regions of macro-layout of RD in Xinjiang were pointed out.

关键词： eco-geographic environment regional development harmonious degree Xinjiang

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Intensified risk to ecosystem productivity under climate change in the arid/humid transition zone in northern{1.

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Journal of geographical {1. 2021年第9期31卷 1261-1282页

作者： yin {1. DENG Haoyu MA Dan{2. {3. shaohong Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchCASBeijing 100101China Henan Province Development and Reform Commission Zhengzhou 450018China University of chinese {1. of {2. Beijing 100049China

Assessing the climate change risk faced by the ecosystems in the arid/humid transition zone(AHTZ)in northern china holds scientific significance to climate change *** simulated the net primary productivity(NPP)for four representative concentration pathways(RCPs)using an improved Lund-Potsdam-Jena *** a method was established based on the NPP to identify the climate change risk *** the midterm period(2.41–2.70)to the long-term period(2.71–2.99),the risks indicated by the negative anomaly and the downward trend of the NPP gradually extended and *** higher the scenario emissions,the more serious the *** particular,under the RCP8.5 scenario,during 2.71–2.99,the total risk area would be 81.85%,that of the high-risk area would reach 54.71%.In this high-risk area,the NPP anomaly would reach–96.00±46.95 gC·m-2.a-1,and the rate of change of the NPP would reach–3.56±3.40 gC·m-2.*** eastern plain of the AHTZ and the eastern grasslands of Inner Mongolia are expected to become the main risk concentration *** results indicated that the management of future climate change risks requires the consideration of the synergistic effects of warming and intensified drying on the ecosystem.

关键词： climate change risk assessment arid/humid transition zone NPP ecosystem

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Vegetation Distribution on Tibetan Plateau under Climate Change Scenario

Vegetation Distribution on Tibetan Plateau under Climate Cha...

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地理学核心问题与主线——中国地理学会2.1.年学术年会暨中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所建所五十年庆典

作者： Zhao Dongsheng wu shaohong {2. {3. {2. ZhiYong (1 institute of geographical sciences and Natural Resources research,CAS,beijing,100101 2.institute of Tibetan Plateau research,CAS,beijing,100085 3.Marine Science and Environmental Studies,University of San Diego,San Diego,CA,92.10,USA)

The impact of climate change on distribution of vegetation is an important aspect in studies on the responses of ecosystems to the climate *** in the sensitive environments of the Tibetan Plateau, vegetation distribution may be significantly affected by climate *** this research,the coupled biogeography and biogeochemistry model,BIOME4,was modified according to the features of vegetation distribution on the Plateau,and the Kappa statistic was used to evaluate the modeling results by comparing the simulated vegetation distribution with the existing 1.1.000,000 vegetation map of *** comparison showed that modified model was appropriate for simulating the overall vegetation distribution on the *** the improved BIOME4 model,possible changes in the vegetation distribution were simulated under climate change *** simulated results suggest that alpine meadows,steppes,and alpine sparse/ cushion vegetation and deserts would shrink,while shrubs,broad-leaved forests,coniferous-broadleaved mixed forests,and coniferous forests would *** these types,shrubs,alpine meadows and steppes would change the *** shrubs vegetation would expand toward the northwest,replacing most alpine meadows and part of steppes,and thus causing their *** broad-leaved forests and coniferous-broadleaved mixed forests demonstrated smaller changes in their distributions. For all the forest types,the area of coniferous forests would increase the most by spreading to the interior of the Plateau.

关键词： vegetation distribution BIOME4 model Tibetan Plateau responses of vegetation to climate change

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Modeled effects of climate change on actual evapotranspiration in different eco-geographical regions in the Tibetan Plateau

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Journal of geographical {1. 2013年第2期23卷 195-207页

作者： yin {1. {2. {3. ZHAO Dongsheng zheng du PAN Tao institute of Geographic {1. and Natural Resources {2. CAS Beijing 100101 China

From 1.81.to 2.1., the effects of climate change on evapotranspiration of the alpine ecosystem and the regional difference of effects in the Tibetan Plateau （TP） were studied based on the Lund-Potsdam-Jena dynamic vegetation model and data from 80 meteorological stations. Changes in actual evapotranspiration （AET） and water balance in TP were analyzed. Over the last 3. years, climate change in TP was characterized by significantly increased temperature, slightly increased precipitation, and decreased potential evapotranspiration （PET）, which was significant before 2.00. AET exhibited increasing trends in most parts of TP. The difference between precipitation and AET decreased in the southeastern plateau and increased in the northwestern plateau. A decrease in atmospheric water demand will lead to a decreased trend in AET. However, AET in most regions increased because of increased precipitation. Increased precipitation was observed in 86% of the areas with increased AET, whereas decreased precipitation was observed in 73. of the areas with decreased AET.

关键词： evapotranspiration LPJ model climate change Tibetan Plateau

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Northward-shift of temperature zones in china＇s eco-{1. study under future climate scenario

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Journal of geographical {1. 2010年第5期20卷 643-651页

作者： wu {1. {2. {3. yin yunhe LIN Erda XU yinlong institute of Geographic {1. and Natural Resources {2. CAS Beijing 100101 China institute of Tibetan Plateau {1. CAS Beijing 100085 China institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture CAAS Beijing 100081 China

Despite the well-documented effects of global climate change on terrestrial species＇ ranges, eco-geographical regions as the regional scale of ecosystems have been poorly studied especially in{1. with diverse climate and ecosystems. Here we analyse the shift of temperature zones in eco-geographical study over{1. using projected future climate scenario. Projected climate data with high resolution during 1.61.2.80 were simulated using regional climate model of PRECIS. The number of days with mean daily temperature above 1.℃ and the mean temperature of January are usually regarded as the principal criteria to indicate temperature zones, which are sensitive to climate change. Shifts due to future climate change were calculated by comparing the latitude of grid cells for the future borderline of one temperature zone with that for baseline period （1.61.1.90）. Results indicated that the ranges of Tropical, Subtropical, Warm Temperate and Plateau Temperate Zones would be enlarged and the ranges of Cold Temperate, Temperate and Plateau Sub-cold Zones would be reduced. Cold Temperate Zone would probably disappear at late this century. North bor- derlines of temperature zones would shift northward under projected future climate change, especially in East{1.. Farthest shifts of the north boundaries of Plateau Temperate, Subtropical and Warm Temperate Zones would be 3.1., 5.3. and 6.6° latitude respectively. Moreover, northward shift would be more notably in northern{1. as future temperature increased.

关键词： temperature zone climate change shift eco-geographical study

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Dike Breach Risks of Different Flood Conditions in the Lower Yellow River

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chinese Journal of Population,Resources and Environment 2010年第1期8卷 18-27页

作者： Xia Fuqiang wu {1. {2. {3. Kang Xiangwu Ma Xin institute of {1. {2. and Natural Resources {3. CAS Beijing 100101 China Graduate School of {1. academy of {{3. Beijing 100039 China institute of Scientific and Technical Information of{1. Beijing 100038 China

Based on the analysis of hanging rivers' actuality in the lower Yellow River and researches related to the evaluation of dike breach risks,it is put forward that the influencing factors of dike beach risks in the lower Yellow River should involve four aspects,the flow and sediment movement,the regional crustal stability,the variation of river regime and the stability of river *** this,the evaluation indexes system of dike breach risks is established,and with the support of geographic information systems technology,the model of multi-hierarchical fuzzy comprehensive judgment is applied to estimate the dike beach risks of the hanging rivers in the lower Yellow River under different flood *** evaluation results of dike breach risks show the following distributing regularities of dike breach risks in the lower Yellow River:(1. Dike breach risks increase with the increase of the flood.({1. Dike breach risks decrease with the changes of river patterns along the channel.(3. There are great risks of dike breach in the wandering reaches,and it is relatively higher in the south bank than in the north in wandering reaches.(4) There is a higher dike breach risk in the north bank than in the south in winding ***,the evaluation results manifest that the evaluation indexes system established from the flow and sediment movement,the regional crustal stability,the variation of river regime and the stability of river dikes can represent the actual situation of the lower Yellow River more *** application of multihierarchical fuzzy comprehensive judgment can preferably resolve the problem of hanging river dike breach,which has numerous influencing factors and complicated functionary *** applications of geographic information systems technology with powerful spatial analysis functions make dike beach risks quantificationally displayed in different spatial positions,and reflect the differences of dike beach risks in different

关键词： the lower Yellow River influencing factors dike breach risk evaluation indexes system multi-hierarchical fuzzy comprehensive judgment

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