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Aridity/humidity status of land surface in china {1.ring the last three decades

Science china Earth Sciences 2005年第9期48卷 1510-1518页

作者： wu shaohong1, yin yunhe1,2. {2. {4. & yang qinye1 1. institute of geographical Sciences and Natural resources research, chinese academy of Sciences (CAS),{12.,{14. 2. Graduate School of the CAS, beijing 100039,{14. 1. institute of {1. Sciences and Natural {2. {4. Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) 100101 Beijing China 2. Gra{1.ate School of the CAS 100039 Beijing China

To clarify aridity/humidity status of land surface is helpful for studying environmental background and regional differences, seeking causes of environmental change, and providing a scientific basis for {1.es on climate change in the future. In this paper, the authors calcu- lated potential evapotranspiration of{2. using data from 61. meteorological stations {4.ring the period of 1.71.2.00 with the Penman-Monteith model recommanded by FAO in 1.98. Vy- sothkii’s model was used to calculate aridity/humidity index. Then the calculated results of sta- tions were interpolated to land surface using ArcGIS. Results show that the annual average po- tential evapotranspiration is 4.0―1.00 mm in the whole country, 600―800 mm in most parts of it; and 350―1.00 mm in growing season (April―Octobor), which is nearly 2.0 mm less than the annual average. According to the aridity/humidity indexes of 1.0, 1.5 and 4.0, the aridity/humidity status is categorized to four types, namely, humid, subhumid, semiarid and arid. A majority of stations (76%) are more humid in growing season than the annual average. Results of com- prisons between the distribution map of aridity/humidity index with that of precipitation and vegetation indicate a good consistence of aridity/humidity status with natural environment. Therefore potential evapotranspiration calculated with modified FAO’s Penman-Monteith model in combination with aridity/humidity index that considers water balance can more reasonably explain the actual land surface aridity/humidity status of{2..

关键词： potential evapotranspiration, aridity/humidity status, land surface, regional differences, Penman-Monteith.

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Climatic trends over the Tibetan Plateau during 1.71.{1.00

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Journal of geographical Sciences 2007年第2期17卷 141-151页

作者： wu {1. {2. yunhe {4. du yang qinye institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural {1. {2. CAS Beijing 100101 China institute of Tibetan Plateau {1. CAS Beijing 100085 China

Trends of annual and monthly temperature, precipitation, potential evapotranspiration and aridity index were analyzed to understand climate change during the period 1.71.{1.00 over the Tibetan Plateau which is one of the most special regions sensitive to global climate change. FAO56-Penmen-Monteith model was modified to calculate potential evapotranspiration which integrated many climatic elements including maximum and minimum temperatures, solar radiation, relative humidity and wind speed. Results indicate generally warming trends of the annual averaged and monthly temperatures, increasing trends of precipitation except in April and September, decreasing trends of annual and monthly potential evapotranspiration, and increasing aridity index except in September. It is not the isolated climatic elements that are important to moisture conditions, but their integrated and simultaneous effect. Moreover, potential evapotranspiration often changes the effect of precipitation on moisture conditions. The climate trends suggest an important warm and humid tendency averaged over the southern plateau in annual period and in August. Moisture conditions would probably get drier at large area in the headwater region of the three rivers in annual average and months from April to November, and the northeast of the plateau from July to September. Complicated climatic trends over the Tibetan Plateau reveal that climatic factors have nonlinear relationships, and resulte in much uncertainty together with the scarcity of observation data. The results would enhance our understanding of the potential impact of climate change on environment in the Tibetan Plateau. Further {4. of the sensitivity and attribution of climate change to moisture conditions on the plateau is necessary.

关键词： climatic trend evapotranspiration Penman-Monteith Tibetan Plateau china

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Intensified risk to ecosystem productivity under climate change in the arid/humid transition zone in northern{1.

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Journal of geographical Sciences 2021年第9期31卷 1261-1282页

作者： yin {1. DENG Haoyu MA Dan{2. wu {4. Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchCASBeijing 100101China Henan Province Development and Reform Commission Zhengzhou 450018China University of chinese {1. of Sciences Beijing 100049China

Assessing the climate change risk faced by the ecosystems in the arid/humid transition zone(AHTZ)in northern china holds scientific significance to climate change *** simulated the net primary productivity(NPP)for four representative concentration pathways(RCPs)using an improved Lund-Potsdam-Jena *** a method was established based on the NPP to identify the climate change risk *** the midterm period(2.4.–2.70)to the long-term period(2.71–2.99),the risks indicated by the negative anomaly and the downward trend of the NPP gradually extended and *** higher the scenario emissions,the more serious the *** particular,under the RCP8.5 scenario,during 2.71–2.99,the total risk area would be 81.85%,that of the high-risk area would reach 54.71%.In this high-risk area,the NPP anomaly would reach–96.00±4..95 gC·m-2.a-1,and the rate of change of the NPP would reach–3.56±3.4. gC·m-2.*** eastern plain of the AHTZ and the eastern grasslands of Inner Mongolia are expected to become the main risk concentration *** results indicated that the management of future climate change risks requires the consideration of the synergistic effects of warming and intensified drying on the ecosystem.

关键词： climate change risk assessment arid/humid transition zone NPP ecosystem

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Vegetation Distribution on Tibetan Plateau under Climate Change Scenario

Vegetation Distribution on Tibetan Plateau under Climate Cha...

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地理学核心问题与主线——中国地理学会2.1.年学术年会暨中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所建所五十年庆典

作者： Zhao Dongsheng wu shaohong {2. yunhe {2. ZhiYong (1 institute of geographical Sciences and Natural resources research,CAS,beijing,100101 2.institute of Tibetan Plateau research,CAS,beijing,100085 3 Marine Science and Environmental Studies,University of San Diego,San Diego,CA,92.10,USA)

The impact of climate change on distribution of vegetation is an important aspect in studies on the responses of ecosystems to the climate *** in the sensitive environments of the Tibetan Plateau, vegetation distribution may be significantly affected by climate *** this research,the coupled biogeography and biogeochemistry model,BIOME4.was modified according to the features of vegetation distribution on the Plateau,and the Kappa statistic was used to evaluate the modeling results by comparing the simulated vegetation distribution with the existing 1.1.000,000 vegetation map of *** comparison showed that modified model was appropriate for simulating the overall vegetation distribution on the *** the improved BIOME4.model,possible changes in the vegetation distribution were simulated under climate change *** simulated results suggest that alpine meadows,steppes,and alpine sparse/ cushion vegetation and deserts would shrink,while shrubs,broad-leaved forests,coniferous-broadleaved mixed forests,and coniferous forests would *** these types,shrubs,alpine meadows and steppes would change the *** shrubs vegetation would expand toward the northwest,replacing most alpine meadows and part of steppes,and thus causing their *** broad-leaved forests and coniferous-broadleaved mixed forests demonstrated smaller changes in their distributions. For all the forest types,the area of coniferous forests would increase the most by spreading to the interior of the Plateau.

关键词： vegetation distribution BIOME4.model Tibetan Plateau responses of vegetation to climate change

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Dike Breach Risks of Different Flood Conditions in the Lower Yellow River

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chinese Journal of Population,{1. and Environment 2010年第1期8卷 18-27页

作者： Xia Fuqiang wu {1. {2. qinye Kang Xiangwu Ma Xin institute of {1. Sciences and Natural {2. research CAS Beijing 100101 China Graduate School of {1. academy of Sciences Beijing 100039 China institute of Scientific and Technical Information of{1. Beijing 100038 China

Based on the analysis of hanging rivers' actuality in the lower Yellow River and researches related to the evaluation of dike breach risks,it is put forward that the influencing factors of dike beach risks in the lower Yellow River should involve four aspects,the flow and sediment movement,the regional crustal stability,the variation of river regime and the stability of river *** this,the evaluation indexes system of dike breach risks is established,and with the support of geographic information systems technology,the model of multi-hierarchical fuzzy comprehensive judgment is applied to estimate the dike beach risks of the hanging rivers in the lower Yellow River under different flood *** evaluation results of dike breach risks show the following distributing regularities of dike breach risks in the lower Yellow River:(1. Dike breach risks increase with the increase of the flood.({1. Dike breach risks decrease with the changes of river patterns along the channel.(3) There are great risks of dike breach in the wandering reaches,and it is relatively higher in the south bank than in the north in wandering reaches.(4. There is a higher dike breach risk in the north bank than in the south in winding ***,the evaluation results manifest that the evaluation indexes system established from the flow and sediment movement,the regional crustal stability,the variation of river regime and the stability of river dikes can represent the actual situation of the lower Yellow River more *** application of multihierarchical fuzzy comprehensive judgment can preferably resolve the problem of hanging river dike breach,which has numerous influencing factors and complicated functionary *** applications of geographic information systems technology with powerful spatial analysis functions make dike beach risks quantificationally displayed in different spatial positions,and reflect the differences of dike beach risks in different

关键词： the lower Yellow River influencing factors dike breach risk evaluation indexes system multi-hierarchical fuzzy comprehensive judgment

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汾沁地区蒸散模拟及其时空变化特征

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资源科学 2018年第8期40卷 1658-1671页

作者：韩项尹云鹤吴绍洪邓浩宇中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所陆地表层格局与模拟重点实验室北京100101 中国科学院大学北京100049

蒸散是水循环和能量循环的重要过程,也是连接土壤-植被-大气系统的关键纽带。气候变化背景下,蒸散的时空分布研究可为地区水资源合理配置及应对气候变化提供科学基础。本文基于结合GRACE(Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment)数据... 详细信息

蒸散是水循环和能量循环的重要过程,也是连接土壤-植被-大气系统的关键纽带。气候变化背景下,蒸散的时空分布研究可为地区水资源合理配置及应对气候变化提供科学基础。本文基于结合GRACE(Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment)数据的水量平衡方法模拟黄土高原汾沁地区2.03—2.1.年蒸散量,并分析其不同时间尺度的变化特征,结果表明:(1.结合水储量变化的水量平衡方法与忽略水储量变化的水量平衡方法模拟所得蒸散相比,前者时间序列上波动更平稳(变异系数、标准差、极端值分别减少0.1.0}5.50mm,3.2.%),可更精确地反映汾沁地区实际蒸散在年和季节尺度上的变化规律;(2.研究区2.03—2.1.年均蒸散量为530.1.mm,空间分布上由北向南大致增加,年际波动较平稳(变异系数为0.08),其中2.1.年蒸散量最低(4.8.2.mm),2.1.年蒸散量最高(61..57mm);(3)季节尺度上,夏季平均蒸散量最高(2.3.36mm),占全年蒸散量的4..67%,波动较平稳;冬季蒸散量最低(1..50mm),离散程度较大;(4.汾沁地区2.03—2.1.年蒸散变化主要受温度、降水的影响,其年际波动主要与降水相关。

关键词：蒸散量 GRACE 水量平衡降水气温时空分布汾沁地区

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Modeling net primary productivity of the terrestrial ecosystem in{1. from 1.61.to {4.05

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Journal of geographical Sciences 2014年第1期24卷 3-17页

作者： YUAN Quanzhi wu {1. ZHAO Dongsheng DAI Erfu CHEN Li ZHANG Lei institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth CAS Beijing 100101 China institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural {1. {2. CAS Beijing 100101 China

Net primary productivity （NPP） is the structure and function of the ecosystem. NPP can most important index that represents the be simulated by dynamic global vegetation models （DGVM）, which are designed to represent vegetation dynamics relative to environ- mental change. This study simulated the NPP of{1.＇s ecosystems based on the DGVM Integrated Biosphere Simulator （IBIS） with data on climate, soil, and topography. The appli- cability of IBIS in the NPP simulation of{1.＇s terrestrial ecosystems was verified first. Comparison with other relevant studies indicates that the range and mean value of simula- tions are generally within the limits of observations; the overall pattern and total annual NPP are close to the simulations conducted with other models. The simulations are also close to the NPP estimations based on remote sensing. Validation proved that IBIS can be utilized in the large-scale simulation of NPP in{1.＇s natural ecosystem. We then simulated NPP with climate change data from 1.61.to 2.05, when warming was particularly striking. The following are the results of the simulation. （1. Total NPP varied from 3.61.GtC/yr to 4.2. GtC/yr in the past 4. years and exhibited minimal significant linear increase or decrease. （2. Regional differences in the increase or decrease in NPP were large but exhibited an insignificant overall linear trend. NPP declined in most parts of eastern and central{1., especially in the Loess Plateau. （3） Similar to the fluctuation law of annual NPP, seasonal NPP also displayed an insignificant increase or decrease; the trend line was within the general level. （4. The re- gional differences in seasonal NPP changes were large. NPP declined in spring, summer, and autumn in the Loess Plateau but increased in most parts of the Tibetan Plateau.

关键词： net primary productivity integrated biosphere simulator china

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Building a resilient society to reduce natural disaster risks

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Science Bulletin 2020年第21期65卷 1785-1787页

作者： shaohong {1. Jiangbo Gao Binggan Wei Jiquan Zhang Guizhen Guo Jun Wang Haoyu Deng Lulu Liu Shanfeng He Erqi Xu Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China College of resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China School of Environment Northeast Normal UniversityChangchun 130024China National Disaster Reduction Center Ministry of Emergency ManagementBeijing 100124China School of geographical Sciences East China Normal UniversityShanghai 200241China Department of Geography and Tourism Qufu Normal UniversityRizhao 276826China

Natural variation has caused disaster on human society since the human beings appeared on the earth [1.2..Especially,more significant changes in environmental elements have been occurred under global change [3,4.,which further increases the stress on social economic [5].The World Economic Forum reported that the annual global death count from natural disasters is about 60,000, or 0.1. of global death.

关键词： global disaster Economic

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不同全球变暖目标下中国气候变化风险区域格局

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Journal of geographical Sciences 2023年第3期33卷 429-448页

作者：吴绍洪巢清尘高江波刘路路冯爱青邓浩宇左丽媛刘婉露 Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchCASBeijing 100101China College of resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China National Climate Center Beijing 100081China

Climate change will bring huge risks to human society and the *** climate change risk assessment is an important basic analysis for addressing climate change,which can be expressed as a regional system of comprehensive climate change *** study establishes regional systems of climate change risks under the proposed global warming *** of this work are spatial patterns of climate change risks in china,indicated by the degree of climate change and the status of the risk ***,the risks show significant spatial *** high-risk regions are mainly distributed in East,South,and central china,while the medium-high risk regions are found in North and southwestern *** the 2.warming target,more than 1.4.of china’s area would be at high and medium-high risk,which is more severe than under the 1.5℃warming target,and would extend to the western and northern *** work provides regional risk characteristics of climate change under different global warming targets as a foundation for dealing with climate change.

关键词： regional system of comprehensive climate change risk global warming targets top-down and bottom-up methods spatial pattern risk receptor

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