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Discovery of native aluminum and its possible origin from prospective gas hydrate areas in the South China Sea

Science China Earth Sciences 2010年第3期53卷 335-344页

作者： CHEN Zhong HUANG ChiYue wu bihao ZHAO MeiXun YAN Wen Key Laboratory of Marginal Sea Geology South China Sea Institute of OceanologyChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 510301China Department of Earth Sciences Cheng Kung UniversityTainan 701China Institute of Mineral Resources Chinese Academy of Geological SciencesBeijing 100037China Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology of the Ministry of Education Ocean University of ChinaQingdao 266100China

Aluminum is an active amphoteric metal element, but native aluminum (Al°) can be formed and preserved in special condi- tions so that its occurrence has unique geological significance. In this paper, the coarse fractions (> 63 μm) of 269 samples of surface sediments and of 165 sediment samples in four cores from the South China Sea (SCS) were picked out and analyzed. Al° particles were found in only five surface samples and three samples in two sedimentary cores. The particles are grayish or silver white in color with a strongly metallic luster and high plasticity, and they occur as irregular plats, elongated shapes and spherules with botryoidal structures. The identified Al° particles belong to cubical system, Fm3m space group with a varying from 4.028×10?1 nm to 4.059×10?1 nm. Their chemical compositions consist mainly of Al (95.07%–99.84%) and minor amounts of Si, Fe, Ti, S, Zn, Mg, Ca and trace amounts of K, Na, Cu, Co, P and Mn. Our results show that the identified Al° is authigenic, formed in situ in the prospective areas of gas hydrates, and that it is an unreported type of Al° occurrence. A possi- ble mechanism of Al° formation is proposed: under the strongly reducing micro environments at cold seeps, dissolved Al3+ in sediments is reduced to its metallic state by the strongly reducing agent of H2 through microbial processes and enzyme action. As a result, the Al° particles from the prospective gas hydrate areas in the SCS are the special products, representing the first report on Al° from the sediments at cold seeps. The proposed mechanism provides a theoretical basis for further studies on the special biogeochemical processes at cold seeps.

关键词： native aluminum cold seep gas hydrate reducing environment South China Sea

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Geochemical Indications of Possible Gas Hydrates in the Northeastern South China Sea

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2006年第4期80卷 564-573页

作者： LU Zhengquan wu bihao ZHU Youhai QIANG Zuji WANG Zaimin ZHANG Fuyuan Institute of Mineral Resources Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Beijing 100037 Institute of Geology China Bureau of Seismology Beijing 100029 Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration Langfang Hebei 065000 The Second Institute of Oceanography State Bureau of Oceanography Hangzhou Zhejiang 310012

Gas hydrate, mainly composed of hydrocarbon gas and water, is considered to be a clean energy in the 21st century. Many indicators such as BSRs （Bottom-Simulating Reflections）, which are thought to be related to gas hydrate, are found in the South China Sea （SCS） in recent years. The northeastern part of the SCS is taken as one of the most potentials in the area by many scientists. It is situated in the conjunction of the northern divergent continental margin and the eastern convergent island margin, whose geological settings are much preferable for gas hydrate to occur. Through this study, brightness temperature anomalies recorded by satellite-based thermal infrared remotely sensed images before or within the imminent earthquake, the high content of hydrocarbon gas acid-degassed from subsurface sediment and the high radioactive thermoluminescence value of subsurface sediment were found in the region. Sometimes brightness temperature anomalies alone exist in the surrounding of the Dongsha Islands. The highest content of hydrocarbon gas amounts to 393 μL methane per kilogram sediment and the highest radioactive thermoluminescence value is 31752 unit; their geometric averages are 60.5 μL/kg and 2688.9 unit respectively. What is more inspiring is that there are three sites where the methane contents are up to 243, 268 and 359μL/kg and their radioactive thermoluminescence values are 8430, 9537 and 20826 unit respectively. These three locations are just in the vicinity of one of the highest confident BSRs identified by predecessors. Meanwhile, the anomalies are generally coincident with other results such as headspace gas anomaly in the sediment and chloride anomaly in the interstitial water in the site 1146 of Leg 184. The above-mentioned anomalies are most possibly to indicate the occurrence of gas hydrate in the northeastern SCS.

关键词： brightness temperature anomalies thermal infrared geochemical indications,thermoluminescence gas hydrates the South China Sea

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The Formation of the Qarhan Saline Lakes as Viewed in the Light of Neotectonic Movement

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 1990年第3期64卷 247-259页

作者： Zhu Yunchu Li Zhengyan wu bihao Wang Mili Research Institute of Exploration and Development of Saline Lakes, Golmud, Qinghai Institute of Mineral Deposits, CAGS Jia Zhongpeng 1Li Songyun Chen Yongzhi Liu Chenglin and Li Wensheng also took part in the work.

Investigations on stratigraphy, geomorphology and neotectonic movement in the Eastern Kunlun Moun-tains show that there existed a series of ancient lakes, including some saline lakes. in the studied region about30,000 years ago, They were distributed south of the middle Kunlun fault. from the middle-upper reaches of thepresent Narin Gol River in the west to the Alag Lake-Tosou Lake in the east. Of these the ancient Narin GolLake and Kunlun Lake were mainly recharged by the hot water related to valcanos. so the B, Li and K con-tents are relatively high. The neotectonic movement that commenced at 30.000 a B.P. caused the river system in the EasternKunlun Mountains to invade southwards. as a result the ancient lake water was captured to recharge theQarhan area. Therefore, the hot springs related to recent volcanism and faulting on the southern bank of theupper reaches of the Narin Gol River became an important source of saline materials for the Qarhan Lake.

关键词： The Formation of the Qarhan Saline Lakes as Viewed in the Light of Neotectonic Movement Lake

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大陆天然气水合物的资源开发与环境研究刍议

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矿床地质 2011年第4期30卷 711-724页

作者：刘玉山吴必豪中国地质科学院矿产资源研究所北京100037

天然气水合物分为大陆型和海洋型两大类。大陆型天然气水合物矿床常赋存于永久冻土带,如西伯利亚,加拿大北部,阿拉斯加。近年来,中国在青海木里的冻土带也发现了天然气水合物,它们赋存在1 000 m深的砂岩和泥岩层中。大陆天然气水合物的... 详细信息

天然气水合物分为大陆型和海洋型两大类。大陆型天然气水合物矿床常赋存于永久冻土带,如西伯利亚,加拿大北部,阿拉斯加。近年来,中国在青海木里的冻土带也发现了天然气水合物,它们赋存在1 000 m深的砂岩和泥岩层中。大陆天然气水合物的资源量是相当巨大的,估计约为（1-7.4）×10^14m^3甲烷。现在科学家已经研究出从冻土带水合物中开采甲烷的技术和方法,主要有降压开采法、热激开采法和试剂注入开采法3种,其中,降压开采法被认为是较经济有效的。

关键词：地质学天然气水合物大陆水合物水合物的开采

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Neutralization against SARS-CoV-2 Delta/Omicron variants and B cell response after inactivated vaccination among COVID-19 convalescents

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Frontiers of Medicine 2023年第4期17卷 747-757页

作者： Hao Wang Yu Yuan bihao wu Mingzhong Xiao Zhen Wang Tingyue Diao Rui Zeng Li Chen Yanshou Lei Pinpin Long Yi Guo Xuefeng Lai Yuying Wen Wenhui Li Hao Cai Lulu Song Wei Ni Youyun Zhao Kani Ouyang Jingzhi Wang Qi Wang Li Liu Chaolong Wang An Pan Xiaodong Li Rui Gong Tangchun wu Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health(Incubating) School of Public HealthTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430030China CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety Wuhan Institute of VirologyCenter for Biosafety Mega-ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesWuhan 430071China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Chinese Medicine Wuhan 430061China Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Wuhan 430061China

Emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants have made COVID-19 convalescents susceptible to re-infection and have raised concern about the efficacy of inactivated vaccination in neutralization against emerging variants and antigen-specific B cell *** this end,a study on a long-term cohort of 208 participants who have recovered from COVID-19 was conducted,and the participants were followed up at 3.3(Visit 1),9.2(Visit 2),and 18.5(Visit 3)months after SARS-CoV-2 *** were classified into three groups(no-vaccination(n=54),one-dose(n=62),and two-dose(n=92)groups)on the basis of the administration of inactivated *** neutralizing antibody(NAb)titers against the wild-type virus continued to decrease in the no-vaccination group,but they rose significantly in the one-dose and two-dose groups,with the highest NAb titers being observed in the two-dose group at Visit *** NAb titers against the Delta variant for the no-vaccination,one-dose,and two-dose groups decreased by 3.3,1.9,and 2.3 folds relative to the wild-type virus,respectively,and those against the Omicron variant decreased by 7.0,4.0,and 3.8 folds,***,the responses of SARS-CoV-2 RBD-specific B cells and memory B cells were boosted by the second vaccine *** showed that the convalescents benefited from the administration of the inactivated vaccine(one or two doses),which enhanced neutralization against highly mutated SARS-CoV-2 variants and memory B cell *** doses of inactivated vaccine among COVID-19 convalescents are therefore recommended for the prevention of the COVID-19 pandemic,and vaccination guidelines and policies need to be updated.

关键词： COVID-19 convalescent SARS-CoV-2 inactivated vaccination neutralizing antibody B cell response

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Broadly neutralizing antibodies derived from the earliest COVID-19 convalescents protect mice from SARS-CoV-2 variants challenge

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2023年第10期8卷 4914-4926页

作者： Qianyun Liu Haiyan Zhao Zhiqiang Li Zhen Zhang Rui Huang Mengxue Gu Ke Zhuang Qing Xiong Xianying Chen Weiyi Yu Shengnan Qian Yuzhen Zhang Xue Tan Muyi Zhang Feiyang Yu Ming Guo Zhixiang Huang Xin Wang Wenjie Xiang bihao wu Fanghua Mei Kun Cai Limin Zhou Li Zhou Ying wu Huan Yan heng Cao Ke Lan Yu Chen State Key Laboratory of Virology Instute for Vaccine ResearchCollege of Life SciencesWuhan UniversityWuhan 430072China Department of Thoracic Surgery Renmin HospitalWuhan UniversityWuhanChina CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens Wuhan Institute of VirologyCenter for Biosafety Mega-ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesWuhan 430o71P.R.China Animal Biosafety Level-ll Laboratory/lnstitute for Vaccine Research Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina State Key Laboratory of Virology and Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology Institute of Medical VirologyTaikang Medical SchoolWuhan UniversityWuhan 430072China Hubei Center for Disease Control and Prevention Wuhan 430079China Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina

Coronavirus disease 2019(COviD-19)was first reported three years ago,when a group of individuals were infected with the original SARS-CoV-2 strain,based on which vaccines were ***,we develop six human monoclonal antibodies(mAbs)from two elite convalescents in wuhan and show that these mAbs recognize diverse epitopes on the receptor binding domain(RBD)and can inhibit the infection of SARS-CoV-2 original strain and variants of concern(VOCs)to varying degrees,including Omicron strains XBB and XBB.

关键词： antibodies monoclonal neutral

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Dynamics of the SARS-CoV-2 antibody response up to 10 months after infection

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2021年第7期18卷 1832-1834页

作者： Hao Wang Yu Yuan Mingzhong Xiao Li Chen Youyun Zhao Haiwei Zhang Pinpin Long Yana Zhou Xi Xu Yanshou Lei bihao wu Tingyue Diao Hao Cai Li Liu Zuoyu Shao Jingzhi Wang Yansen Bai Kai Wang Miao Peng Linlin Liu Shi Han Fanghua Mei Kun Cai Yake Lei An Pan Chaolong Wang Rui Gong Xiaodong Li Tangchun wu Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health(Incubating) School of Public HealthTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina Hepatic Disease Institute Hubei Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Applied Research of Liver and Kidney in Traditional Chinese MedicineHubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese MedicineWuhanChina Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Chinese Medicine WuhanChina Hubei Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine WuhanChina CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety Wuhan Institute of VirologyCenter for Biosafety Mega-ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesWuhanChina University of Chinese Academy of Sciences BeijingChina Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention WuhanChina

COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection has caused substantial morbidity and mortality worldwide and paralyzed the international *** the magnitude and duration of the antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 is important to achieve a balance between curbing the pandemic and minimizing adverse effects on society.1 Although the antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 within 9 months has been extensively studied,2,3,4,5,6 little is known about the magnitude and kinetics of antibody responses for over 9 ***,with limited observations over 9 months(n<100),2,7,8 several studies have produced inconsistent conclusions about antibody dynamics,suggesting different rates of antiviral antibody positivity at the last follow-up.2,7,8 These studies have been limited by a lack of measurement of neutralizing antibodies(NAbs),7 of inclusion of mild or asymptomatic cases,2,8 and of further exploration of potential predisposing factors for antibody dynamics.2,7 Considering the individual heterogeneity(such as disease severity)8 and time-dependent nature1 of the immune response,in-depth characterization of SARS-CoV-2 antibody kinetics across disease severity groups over a long period is urgently ***,we repeatedly tested IgM,IgG,viral spike protein receptor-binding dom(anti-RBD)IgG,and NAb titers in COVID-19 patients during a follow-up period of up to 10 months and explored potential predisposing factors of antibody titers during follow-up.

关键词： infection severity mortality

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Indirect Indicators of Gas Hydrate Occurrence within Submarine Sediments

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Journal of Earth Science 2000年第4期19卷 50-53页

作者： Zhao Xingmin wu bihao Institute of Mineral Deposits, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100037 Wang Yaping Experimental Institute, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100037 Lu Zhenquan Institute of Mineral Deposits, Chine

Gas hydrate, a new kind energy resources discoverd over the past ten years, has aroused much attention from many countries around the globe, because the gas hydrate has played a very important role in energy resources exploration, submarine geohazards precaution, and changes in global climate. So far, gas hydrates have been found in about sixty places on continental margins and polar regions in the world, but the majority of them is recognized by all kinds of indirect indicators owing to their limited existence conditions, only minority of them is collected. Thereby, the indirect marks of gas hydrates play an important role in exploration of the clathrate compounds, and the authors discuss them.

关键词： gas hydrate recognition indicator marine geology.

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天然气水合物资源量的一种估算方法——以南海北部陆坡为例

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石油实验地质 2007年第3期29卷 319-323,328页

作者：卢振权吴必豪金春爽中国地质科学院矿产资源研究所北京100037 国土资源部油气资源战略研究中心北京100034

根据天然气水合物物理化学相图平衡的基本原理,运用微积分学的基本理论,尝试一种新的天然气水合物资源量计算方法,并以南海北部陆坡为例对天然气水合物资源量进行了初步估算。天然气水合物稳定分布区可看成由许多微体积单元组成,对所有... 详细信息

根据天然气水合物物理化学相图平衡的基本原理,运用微积分学的基本理论,尝试一种新的天然气水合物资源量计算方法,并以南海北部陆坡为例对天然气水合物资源量进行了初步估算。天然气水合物稳定分布区可看成由许多微体积单元组成,对所有微体积单元进行累积积分计算出天然气水合物的分布体积;然后结合世界上已知天然气水合物分布的有关参数(如天然气水合物沉积层的孔隙度、天然气水合物的饱和度和水合系数)估算南海北部陆坡天然气水合物的潜在资源量。估算结果为,南海北部陆坡天然气水合物资源量约相当于标准条件下6.3×1013m3的天然气,这与美国Blake海底高原、日本Nankai海槽、美国墨西哥湾北部天然气水合物资源甲烷量的数量级(1013m3)一致,显示了南海北部陆坡天然气水合物资源的巨大前景。当然,南海北部陆坡天然气水合物的潜在资源量还有待于进一步调查核实。

关键词：天然气水合物资源量估算物理化学相平衡南海北部陆坡中国

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Deposition of Potash-Magnesium Salts in the Qarhan Playa, Qaidam Basin

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 1986年第3期 79-90页

作者： wu bihao~(1)), Duan Zhenghao~(1)), Guan Yuhua~(2)) and Lian Wei~(2)) 1) Institute of Mineral Deposits, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing. 2) Institute of Chemical Ore Deposits, Ministry of Chemical Industry.

The Qarhan potash-magnesium salt deposit, which consists from east to west of four playa districts, namely Huobuxun, Qarhan, Dabuxun and Bieletan, may be divided from bottom to top into three salt beds(S1, S2and S3), with potash salts mainly occurring in S3. The paper lays emphasis on the evolutionary history of the deposition of Salt Bed S3and the modes of formation of potash salts in the Qarhan *** analysis of the data obtained from more than 170 boreholes and the geochemical studies on bromine, magnesium and calcium reveal the existence of four concentration stages and three dilution stages during the ormation of the Upper Salt Bed S3. In the process of concentration, evaporation of brine and precipitation of salt minerals dominated, which obeyed the regularity indicated by the phase diagram of the quaternary system Mg-Na-K/Cl-H2O. In the dilution stages, however, mixing of brines, dissolution of salts(especially the playa) and mechanical clastic deposition played the leading role. The prerequisite for mixing in the Qarhan salt deposit lies in that chloride type brine of the northeastern part coexists with magnesium sulfate type brine of the southwestern part in the same salt lake. The appearance of bassanite has verified the process of mixing. The dissolution refers to the partial dissolution of the salt beds originally deposited. Particularly in the last dilution process, approximately 200 km2of the playa north of the Tuanjie Lake had been dissolved before a new-born lake took *** potash salts were formed in three ways:(1) The surficial brine of the Dabuxun lake coexistent with the playa had an intercompensational relationship with the intercrystalline brine in the playa. As a result, K+ions were collected into the lake, and layered Carnallite precipitated from lake brine during the seasons of evaporation, which was accelerated by the action of wind.(2) Disseminated potash-magnesium salts were formed by further concentration of intercrystalline bri

关键词： Qaidam Basin Deposition of Potash-Magnesium Salts in the Qarhan Playa

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