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Virtual three dimensions reconstruction and isoline analysis of human marks on the surface of animal fossils

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2009年第9期54卷 1564-1569页

作者： wu XianZhu WANG YunFu PEI ShuWen wu xiujie Laboratory of Scientific Archaeology Chongqing Normal University Chongqing 400047 China Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100044 China

Animal fossils in archaeological sites are closely related to human activities. The environment and human activities, such as hunting-selection, cook process, traditional culture and habits can be partly inferred from the variety of fauna, fragmentation of the bones, and the human marks on bones' sur-faces. So far, researches about marks on fossils are few in China, and are mainly observed directly by eyes. Light Microscopes and Scanning Electron Microscopes are also applied to the observation abroad. These methods could provide us a lot of information, but are mainly confined to 2 dimensions. In this paper, we analyze human marks on the surface of animal fossils through three dimensions re-construction and isoline analysis, which enable us observe and measure in 3 dimensions. This method gives us a lot of information as follows: the formation of the marks, the tools that produced the marks, the cutting edge, movement and micro-abrasion of the tools. Through study of human marks on the surface of animal fossils unearthed from Bailongdong Cave in Yunxi, Hubei Province, we have got the characteristics of the marks, and further deepen cognition of the cutting edge, cutting orientation, cut-ting sequence, as well as micro-abrasion of tools during the formation of these marks. This is the first to use virtual three dimensions reconstruction in studying the human marks on the surface of animal fossils in China.

关键词：人类活动动物化石等值线分析三维重建表面虚拟扫描电子显微镜工具磨损

The brain morphology of Homo Liujiang cranium fossil by three-dimensional computed tomography

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2008年第16期53卷 2513-2519页

作者： wu xiujie LIU wu DONG Wei QUE JieMin WANG YanFang Laboratory of Evolutionary Systematics of Vertebrates Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology ChineseAcademy of Sciences Beijing 100044 China Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China

The Liujiang cranium is the most complete and well-preserved late Pleistocene human fossils ever unearthed in south China. Because the endocranial cavity is filled with hard stone matrix, earlier stud- ies focused only on the exterior morphology of the specimen using the traditional methods. In order to derive more information for the phyletic evaluation of the Liujiang cranium, high-resolution industrial computed tomography (CT) was used to scan the fossil, and the three-dimensional (3D) brain image was reconstructed. Compared with the endocasts of the hominin fossils (Hexian, Zhoukoudian, KNM-WT 15000, Sm 3, Kabwe, Brunn 3, Predmost) and modern Chinese, most morphological features of the Liujiang brain are in common with modern humans, including a round brain shape, bulged and wide frontal lobes, an enlarged brain height, a full orbital margin and long parietal lobes. A few differ- ences exist between Liujiang and the modern Chinese in our sample, including a strong posterior pro- jection of the occipital lobes, and a reduced cerebellar lobe. The measurement of the virtual endocast shows that the endocranial capacity of Liujiang is 1567 cc, which is in the range of Late Homo sapiens and much beyond the mean of modern humans. The brain morphology of Liujiang is assigned to Late Homo sapiens.

关键词：头盖骨更新世中国南方人类学

Evidence of fire use of late Pleistocene humans from the Huanglong Cave, Hubei Province, China

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2009年第2期54卷 256-264页

作者： LIU wu wu XianZhu LI YiYin DENG ChengLong wu xiujie PEI ShuWen Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100044 China Institute of Archaeology and Cultural Relics of Hubei Province Wuhan 430077 China Laboratory of Scientific Archeology Chongqing Normal University Chongqing 400047 China Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes Department of Geography Peking University Beijing 100871 China State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China

Since 2004, three excavations have been carried out at a late Pleistocene human fossil site of Huanglong Cave in Yunxi County, Hubei Province of China, which unearthed seven human teeth, dozens of stone tools, mammal fossils and other evidence indicating human activities. During the third excavation in 2006, in the same layer as the human teeth, we found some patches of black materials embed- ded in the deposit. We doubted that this black deposit layer is the remains of burning or even human use of fire at the cave. To further explore the possibility of human fire use at the Huanglong Cave, we examined samples directly taken from the black deposit layer and compared them with samples taken from several places in the cave using three methods: micromorphology, element content determination and deposit temperature analysis. Our results indicate that the contents of carbon element in the black deposit reach 64.59%―73.29%. In contrast, contents of carbon element of the comparative samples from other parts in the cave are only 5.82%―9.49%. The micromorphology analysis of the black deposit samples reveals a plant structure like axial parenchyma, fibrocyte, uniseriate ray and vessel. High-temperature magnetic susceptibility measurements suggest that the stratum possibly underwent a high temperature in the nature. Based on these lab analyses, we are sure that the black layer in the Huanglong Cave is the remains of fire and combustion did occur in the cave 100000 years ago. Taking other evidence of human activities found in the Huanglong Cave into consideration, we believe that the evidence of fire from the Huanglong Cave was caused by the human activities of controlled use of fire.

关键词：晚更新世气候变化动物化石郧西县湖北

Craniofacial morphological microevolution of Holocene populations in northern China

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2007年第12期52卷 1661-1668页

作者： wu xiujie LIU wu ZHANG QuanChao ZHU Hong Christopher J. NORTON Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100044 China Research Center for Chinese Frontier Archaeology Jilin University Changchun 130012 China Laboratory of Quatemary Paleontology Northern Arizona University Flagstaff AZ 86011-4099 USA

In order to better understand microevolutionary processes in Holocene Chinese craniofacial mor- phology, an analysis has been done on 21 metric traits on Neolithic (n=161), Bronze Age (n=423) and modern (n=134) adult male skulls from northern China. The results indicate that the physical characters of these Chinese populations evolved throughout the Holocene. From the Neolithic to Bronze Age to present day, general trends include: cranial and facial sizes decrease; the nose gets narrower and longer; the orbits become narrower and higher; the head is more globular. The expression of the cranial features varies between the different time periods. The decrease in cranial size primarily occurred from the Bronze Age to present day. However, the decrease in facial size, the narrowing of the nose, and the elevation of the orbits took place throughout the Holocene. These traits are likely still evolving. This evolving pattern of the cranial features for the Holocene Chinese populations is similar to that found elsewhere in the world. The decrease in overall craniofacial size is associated with changes in climate and diet. In addition, it is possible that the craniofacial morphological microevolution is controlled by human evolutionary mechanisms.

关键词：全新世中国人人类微进化颅面形态

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近代人群头骨颞线的分型和变异

人类学学报 2022年第5期41卷 775-787页

作者：严毅赵昱浩吴秀杰中国科学院脊椎动物演化与人类起源重点实验室中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所北京100044 中国科学院大学北京100049 中国科学院生物演化与环境卓越创新中心北京100044

颞线作为头骨表面咀嚼肌颞肌的附着痕迹,其形态变异对探讨人类体质特征及咀嚼功能具有一定意义。为了解颞线在现代人群中的变异情况,本文选取亚洲、非洲和欧洲278例近现代成年人头骨为研究材料,通过对颞线的颞弧形态、宽度、发育程度、... 详细信息

颞线作为头骨表面咀嚼肌颞肌的附着痕迹,其形态变异对探讨人类体质特征及咀嚼功能具有一定意义。为了解颞线在现代人群中的变异情况,本文选取亚洲、非洲和欧洲278例近现代成年人头骨为研究材料,通过对颞线的颞弧形态、宽度、发育程度、粗糙度及末端位置的观察和分析,明确颞线的分类及其定义标准,获取颞线各种表现形式的侧别、性别和地区间变异的数据,为体质人类学的研究提供参考资料。研究结果显示:1)颞线无显著侧别间差异;2)颞弧形态和发育程度无显著性别和地区间差异;3)顶部颞线宽度及粗糙度有显著性别间差异:男性顶部颞线整体较宽,粗糙型个体大多为男性;4)额部和顶部颞线宽度及粗糙度有显著地区间差异:超宽条带状颞线只出现在云南和华北地区标本,欧洲地区标本脊状颞线和粗糙型比例较高,非洲地区脊状颞线比例较高但粗糙型较低;5)颞线末端止于枕骨的类型极少;6)颞线宽度在额部和顶部及其与颞弧形态显著相关,颞线发育程度在额部与顶部显著相关。

关键词：颞线人类头骨形态变异近代人群非测量性状

"Dragon man"prompts rethinking of Middle Pleistocene hominin systematics in Asia

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The Innovation 2023年第6期4卷 25-26页

作者： Christopher J.Bae wu Liu xiujie wu Yameng Zhang Xijun Ni Department of Anthropology University of Hawaii at ManoaHonoluluHI 96822USA Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 10044China Joint International Research Laboratory of Environmental and Social Archaeology Shandong UniversityQingdao 266237China

Dear Editor,Chibanian(Middle Pleistocene)hominin fossils that could not be easily assigned to Homo erectus,***,or *** have traditionally been as-signed to an alinclusive group:"archaic ***."In an insightful observation of the Chibanian record almost four decades ago however,Tattersall railed against the use of the word"archaic"in this sense when referring to the human fossil record,as he justifiably noted that no other biological organism has the word"archaic"attached to it'For example,no one refers to an earlier version of Canis domesticus as"archaic"*** ancestor of the domestic dog is,and always has been,considered to be *** Tattersall's opinion,it would seem that these"archaic ***"fossils should be assigned to one or more formal taxonomic *** such,terms such as"archaic ***,""mid-Pleistocene Homo,"and"Middle Pleistocene Homo"have al-ways been considered to be wastebasket taxa that include way too much morphological variabilty for one proposed taxonomic *** to use wastebasket taxa only hinders any attempts to understand true phylogenetic and evolutionary relationships.

关键词： prompt record Middle

Brain Morphology of the Zhoukoudian *** Half a Million Years Ago

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Bulletin of the Chinese Academy of Sciences 2010年第2期24卷 120-122页

作者： wu xiujie Key Laboratory of Evolutionary Systematics of Vertebrates Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology CAS Beijing100044 China

In the process of human evolution, how has the brain changed? When did it happen? Why did it happen? These questions are some of the hottest topics in

关键词：大脑直立人周口店形态古人类学进化过程化石记录原始人

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中国古人类演化研究进展及相关热点问题探讨

科学通报 2018年第21期63卷 2148-2155页

作者：吴秀杰中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所中国科学院脊椎动物演化与人类起源重点实验室北京100044 生物演化与环境卓越创新中心北京100044

自20世纪初在内蒙古河套地区及北京周口店发现人类化石以来,迄今在中国境内至少70余处地点发现了更新世时期的人类化石.近10余年来,田园洞、崇左、道县、许昌等人类化石的发现及其相关研究进展,使得国际古人类学界对中国古人类起源与演... 详细信息

自20世纪初在内蒙古河套地区及北京周口店发现人类化石以来,迄今在中国境内至少70余处地点发现了更新世时期的人类化石.近10余年来,田园洞、崇左、道县、许昌等人类化石的发现及其相关研究进展,使得国际古人类学界对中国古人类起源与演化的关注不断增加,关注的热点问题主要包括:中国直立人出现的时间及中国境内是否存在早于直立人的古人类成员、中国直立人的演化与变异、所谓的古老型智人及其是否与欧洲古人类有过基因交流、早期现代人在中国出现的时间及扩散路径.本文综合近年来中国古人类的最新研究成果,就以上热点问题进行了探讨.

关键词：人类演化古人类化石直立人古老型智人早期现代人

Application of the four models of directional spectra in the Bohai Sea

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 1995年第1期14卷 15-22页

作者： wu xiujie and Teng Xuechun(First Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Qinghao 266003, China)

According to the wind-wave individual case directional spectra obtained from the instrument array and'956' wave buoy measures, the wind-wave directional spectra presented by Mitsuyasu, Donelan and Hasselmann onthe basis of the observations as well as theoretical wind-wave directional spectra by Wen Shengchang on the basis ofanalytic method are compared and checked from the pointview of total energy. Results show that Mitsuyasu's directional spectra are well identical with the measured wind-wave directional spectra developing fully in the Bohai ***'s and theoretical wind-wave directional spectra are also quite consistent with the measured results in the development of the wind waves, especially best with the measured results in the initial stage of the development of thewind waves.

关键词： Wind-wave directional spectrum wave energy ratio analytic method developing state instrument array.