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实验室COD废水处理研究

化学与生物工程 2024年第2期41卷 61-64页

作者：罗瑜婷郑丹吴龙华陈都武汉工商学院湖北武汉430065

实验室COD废水含有大量的Cr^(6+)、Ag^(+)和Hg^(2+)等重金属离子,若不经处理直接排放,会对生态环境造成不利影响。采用氧化还原法和中和沉淀法处理实验室COD废水中重金属离子,通过单因素实验和正交实验优化了处理条件。结果表明,当葡萄... 详细信息

实验室COD废水含有大量的Cr^(6+)、Ag^(+)和Hg^(2+)等重金属离子,若不经处理直接排放,会对生态环境造成不利影响。采用氧化还原法和中和沉淀法处理实验室COD废水中重金属离子,通过单因素实验和正交实验优化了处理条件。结果表明,当葡萄糖加量为10 g时,废水中Cr^(6+)完全转化为Cr^(3+);当氯化钠加量为2.1 g时,废水中Ag^(+)去除率为100%;在氢氧化钠加量为5.0 g、反应时间为20 min、反应温度为20℃的最佳条件下,总Cr和Hg^(2+)综合去除效率最佳,去除率分别为75.13%、86.51%。

关键词：重金属离子去除率 COD废水综合评价

基于Web of Science对土壤胶体影响重金属行为研究的计量分析

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土壤学报 2024年第2期61卷 445-455页

作者：胡鹏杰杜彦锫夏冰仇浩吴龙华骆永明中国科学院土壤环境与污染修复重点实验室(中国科学院南京土壤研究所) 南京210008 中国科学院大学北京100049 安徽省生态环境科学研究院合肥230071 上海交通大学环境科学与工程学院上海200240

为全面了解土壤胶体影响重金属行为方向的研究现状和前沿动态,基于Web of Science(WoS)核心合集数据库,利用WoS自带分析工具、HistCite引文图谱分析软件、VOSviewer和Citespace可视化分析软件对1990—2021年间土壤胶体影响重金属行为的... 详细信息

为全面了解土壤胶体影响重金属行为方向的研究现状和前沿动态,基于Web of Science(WoS)核心合集数据库,利用WoS自带分析工具、HistCite引文图谱分析软件、VOSviewer和Citespace可视化分析软件对1990—2021年间土壤胶体影响重金属行为的文献进行了计量分析。结果表明,在世界范围内该方向的发文量逐年稳步增长,我国相关研究起步较晚,但近些年呈现迅猛发展的势头。目前土壤胶体影响重金属行为研究发文量最多的国家和研究机构分别是美国和中国科学院,发文量最高的期刊为Environmental Science&Technology,主要研究学科为环境科学与生态学的交叉学科。关键词聚类分析显示“土壤胶体颗粒粒径分级与重金属的形态分布”、“土壤胶体的释放、沉积及对重金属的吸附作用”和“土壤胶体颗粒的迁移机制与迁移模型研究”为主要的研究主题,人工纳米颗粒在土壤中的行为、迁移转化以及生物有效性是现阶段的研究热点。利用场流分离技术结合单粒子电感耦合等离子体质谱等技术,探讨土壤胶体与人工纳米颗粒之间发生的复杂相互作用及其对人工纳米颗粒迁移归趋与环境命运的影响,是未来的主要研究方向。

关键词：土壤胶体重金属 Web of Science 文献计量分析

外源秸秆对污染土壤氧化还原过程水分散性胶体态重金属的影响

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土壤学报 2024年第1期61卷 163-173页

作者：张雨汪家家夏冰罗雪婷胡鹏杰吴龙华骆永明中国科学院土壤环境与污染修复重点实验室(中国科学院南京土壤研究所) 南京210008 中国科学院大学北京100049 复旦大学环境科学与工程系上海200438 安徽省生态环境科学研究院合肥230041

土壤胶体尤其是水分散性胶体,作为一种重要的污染物载体,在重金属吸附、迁移以及生物吸收过程起着重要作用。通过土壤培养试验探讨了外源添加水稻秸秆在氧化还原波动条件下如何影响土壤液相中及水分散性胶体中重金属的分布。结果表明,... 详细信息

土壤胶体尤其是水分散性胶体,作为一种重要的污染物载体,在重金属吸附、迁移以及生物吸收过程起着重要作用。通过土壤培养试验探讨了外源添加水稻秸秆在氧化还原波动条件下如何影响土壤液相中及水分散性胶体中重金属的分布。结果表明,外源秸秆增加厌氧过程液相中溶解性有机碳(DOC)、砷(As)、铁(Fe)、锰(Mn)、钙(Ca)、钾(K)、硅(Si)、铝(Al)、镁(Mg)等浓度,降低了厌氧过程氧化还原电位(Eh)及铜(Cu)、铅(Pb)等浓度,提高了好氧过程Pb浓度。利用非对称流场流分馏-紫外可见-电感耦合等离子体-质谱联用技术(AF4-UV-ICP-MS),测得水分散性胶体颗粒主要分布在0.3~3 kDa、3~40 kDa和130 kDa~450 nm三个粒径范围,各粒径颗粒的组成有所差异,主要含有机质、无机黏土矿物和铁矿物等。外源秸秆促进液相中Fe和As由胶体态向溶解态转化,促进镉(Cd)和Cu由溶解态向胶体态转化。本研究有助于揭示农业活动影响重金属迁移转化及有效性的界面机制。

关键词：土壤胶体重金属水稻秸秆氧化还原水分散性胶体场流分馏

Toxicity of lead pollution to the collembolan Folsomia candida in Ferri-Udic Cambosols

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Pedosphere 2021年第4期31卷 627-637页

作者： Ying DING Zhu LI Xin KE longhua wu Shengpeng ZUO Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation Institute of Soil ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008(China) College of Environmental Science and Engineering Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Water and Soil Pollution Control and RemediationAnhui Normal UniversityWuhu 241003(China) Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology Shanghai Institute for Biological SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200032(China)

Toxic effect of lead(Pb) pollution on Collembola in soils has seldom been studied in depth, which is especially true for growth responses since the juveniles are very small and numerous. A single species test was conducted using the collembolan Folsomia candida as the indicator species, and soil Pb pollution(at Pb concentrations of 0, 300, 600, 1 200, 2 400, and 4 800 mg kg^(-1)) was simulated by mixing Pb(NO_(3))_(2) with a natural unpolluted soil. Adult survival, reproduction, body length, and body Pb concentration were determined. Adult survival and reproduction started to decrease at soil Pb concentrations of 1 200 and 600 mg kg^(-1), respectively. Lead concentrations in adult and juvenile bodies increased with increasing Pb concentration in soil. The percentage and individual abundances based on body length analysis showed that the larger adults(2.1–2.6 mm, P < 0.01) were more sensitive to soil Pb concentration than the intermediate(1.9–2.1 mm, P < 0.001) and smaller(1.7–1.9 mm, P < 0.001) adults. Similarly, the larger juveniles(1.0–1.4 mm, P < 0.001) were more sensitive to soil Pb concentration than the intermediate(0.6–1.0 mm, P < 0.001) and smaller(0.3–0.6 mm, P < 0.001) juveniles. For both adults or juveniles, the abundance and percentage of larger individuals declined significantly with increasing soil Pb concentration, suggesting that larger individuals were more sensitive to soil Pb pollution. Therefore, body length features, especially the percentage and abundance of larger individuals, would be potential bio-indicators of soil Pb pollution and possibly other types of soil pollution.

关键词： bio-indicators body length Collembola large individuals soil Pb pollution

基于M-DGM(1,1)模型的东江河流系统健康评估

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水资源与水工程学报 2024年第2期35卷 32-39页

作者：方陈卓王海鹏吴龙华杨校礼邓西平武煜伦张广明李喜元河海大学水利水电学院江苏南京210098 南京水利科学研究院江苏南京210029 中国电建集团中南勘测设计研究院有限公司湖南长沙410014

东江作为广东省和香港特别行政区的重要水源地,直接关系着珠三角地区的经济发展以及香港特区的繁荣稳定。为有效掌握东江河流系统健康状况的发展趋势,促进东江流域内经济社会的可持续发展,针对东江河流系统健康评分(2015—2019年)的振... 详细信息

东江作为广东省和香港特别行政区的重要水源地,直接关系着珠三角地区的经济发展以及香港特区的繁荣稳定。为有效掌握东江河流系统健康状况的发展趋势,促进东江流域内经济社会的可持续发展,针对东江河流系统健康评分(2015—2019年)的振荡分布特性,基于灰色预测理论,结合等维灰数动态递补模型,构建了M-DGM(1,1)灰色预测模型,并利用该模型对东江河流系统(2020—2024年)的健康状况进行了评估。结果表明:该预测模型精度达到一级,可满足东江河流系统健康状况评估的要求;东江河流系统健康在2020—2024年间仍处于亚健康状态,但总体向着健康方向发展;部分敏感警兆指标评分(2020—2024年)发生波动,要继续加强对东江河流系统健康的保护与管理。

关键词：河流系统健康预测灰色理论 M-DGM(1,1) 东江

Effects of water management on arsenic and cadmium speciation and accumulation in an upland rice cultivar

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2015年第1期27卷 225-231页

作者： Pengjie Hu Younan Ouyang longhua wu Libo Shen Yongming Luo Peter Christie Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation Institute of Soil Science Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese National Rice Research Institute Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research Chinese Academy of Sciences

Pot and field experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of water regimes on the speciation and accumulation of arsenic（As） and cadmium（Cd） in Brazilian upland rice growing in soils polluted with both As and Cd. In the pot experiment constant and intermittent flooding treatments gave 3–16 times higher As concentrations in soil solution than did aerobic conditions but Cd showed the opposite trend. Compared to arsenate, there were more marked changes in the arsenite concentrations in the soil solution as water management shifted, and therefore arsenite concentrations dominated the As speciation and bioavailability in the soil. In the field experiment As concentrations in the rice grains increased from 0.14 to 0.21 mg/kg while Cd concentrations decreased from 0.21 to 0.02 mg/kg with increasing irrigation ranging from aerobic to constantly flooding conditions. Among the various water regimes the conventional irrigation treatment produced the highest rice grain yield of 6.29 tons/ha. The As speciation analysis reveals that the accumulation of dimethylarsinic acid（from 11.3% to 61.7%） made a greater contribution to the increase in total As in brown rice in the intermittent and constant flooding treatments compared to the intermittent-aerobic treatment. Thus, water management exerted opposite effects on Cd and As speciation and bioavailability in the soil and consequently on their accumulation in the upland rice. Special care is required when irrigation regime methods are employed to mitigate the accumulation of metal（loid）s in the grain of rice grown in soils polluted with both As and Cd.

关键词： Arsenic Cadmium Dimethylarsinic acid(DMA) Rice Speciation Water management

Refinement of Methodology for Cadmium Determination in Soil Micro-Arthropod Tissues

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Pedosphere 2017年第3期27卷 491-501页

作者： ZHU Dong KE Xin wu longhua HUANG Yujuan Peter CHRISTIE LUO Yongming Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation Institute of Soil Science Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Environmental Processes Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research Chinese Academy of Sciences

Highly precise and reliable determination of heavy metals in soil micro-arthropod tissues remains a challenge because of the small size of the animals and their typical low abundance in metal-contaminated agricultural soils. The present study sought to develop a method for cadmium （Cd） determination in soil micro-arthropods by optimizing the sample digestion procedure, reducing sample weight, modifying sample pre-treatment and validating the methodology with field samples. The optimized digestion conditions comprised a sample mass of 50-150 μg, digestion reagent of nitric acid：hydrogen peroxide （3：1）, digestion temperature of 105 ℃, digestion period of 3 h and digestion volume of 30 μL. Defecation of the standard Collembola Folsomia candida （92 h） and the indigenous Collembola Onychiurus yodai （42 h） and ultrasonic cleaning of F. candida increased the accuracy of Cd determination. The recovery of Cd using the refined procedure was 98.9% and the limits of detection and quantification were 0.002 and 0.008 μg L-1, respectively. The within-batch precision values were 〈 3%. The Cd concentrations in the tissues of the Collembola Isotorna sp. collected from a range of metal-contaminated fields determined by the improved method were consistent with the Cd concentrations in the field soils. The results indicate that the optimized method can be used for more accurate or reliable determination of Cd concentrations in soil micro-arthropod tissues.

关键词： digestion defecation Folsomia candida micro-samples predatory mite sample pre-treatment ultrasonic cleaning

Concentrations of Heavy Metals in Suburban Horticultural Soils and Their Uptake by Artemisia selengensis

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Pedosphere 2015年第6期25卷 878-887页

作者： CUI Xu SUN Xulei HU Pengjie YUAN Cheng LUO Yongming wu longhua Peter CHRISTIE Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation Institute of Soil ScienceChinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences College of Resources and Environment Shanxi Agricultural University Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Environmental Processes Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone ResearchChinese Academy of Sciences

A total of 222 surface soil samples and 40 plant samples were collected to investigate the spatial distribution and possible sources of soil heavy metals and to know the uptake and translocation of heavy metals from roots to different plant parts in a representative vegetable production area in the Baguazhou Island, a suburb of Nanjing City, East China. The arithmetic mean values of total Cd, Cr,Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn concentrations in the soils were 0.314, 133, 41.0, 58.0, 31.8, and 114 mg kg-1, respectively. All of these values were above the topsoil background values in the Nanjing area. Multivariate and geostatistical analyses showed that soil Cd contamination was derived mainly from agricultural practices. In contrast, Cu and Zn were derived mainly from soil parent materials and Pb from atmospheric deposition from highway gasoline stations. Artemisia selengensis, a locally important specialty vegetable, accumulated heavy metals primarily in the edible leaves. The general distribution of heavy metal concentrations in this plant species showed that the highest occurred in the leaves, intermediate in the stems and lowest in the roots. Cd had the highest concentration factor(root-to-soil ratio) and may pose increased health risks in the future to the local population through the consumption of contaminated vegetables.

关键词： concentration factor plant uptake pollution source spatial distribution translocation factor vegetable

基于3D Tiles的大规模三维地质模型共享技术研究

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物探化探计算技术 2024年第2期46卷 242-250页

作者：吴龙华侯建光朱月霞李运杰江苏省地质局地质信息中心南京210007

针对三维地质模型的网络共享与发布研究较少,基于3D Tiles提出了一种大规模三维地质模型共享发布方案:首先采用基于二次误差测度(QEM)的半边折叠算法,对模型进行简化,建立分层LOD模型;再利用平面四叉树+纵向固定距离切分的方法对各级模... 详细信息

针对三维地质模型的网络共享与发布研究较少,基于3D Tiles提出了一种大规模三维地质模型共享发布方案:首先采用基于二次误差测度(QEM)的半边折叠算法,对模型进行简化,建立分层LOD模型;再利用平面四叉树+纵向固定距离切分的方法对各级模型进行分块,建立瓦片分层结构树;最后计算出所需的几何误差、变换矩阵等参数,并生成3D Tiles瓦片内容及瓦片集描述文件。基于此方案选取了某区域约1000 km^(2)的三维地质体模型进行了实验,实验表明该方案在保障模型的几何特征和细节表现的同时,可对大规模三维地质模型进行高效、流畅的加载与显示。

关键词： 3D Tiles 共享与发布三维地质 Cesium

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